Genetics Study Guide
A homozygous brown mouse mates with a heterozygous brown mouse. The allele for brown fur (B) is dominant over the allele for tan fur (b). What percentage of the offspring will most likely have brown fur?
100%; All/the offspring will have at least one dominant allele (B)
The flowers in this cross display complete dominance, and the allele, R, is dominant for a red pigment and the allele, r, is recessive for a white pigment, what percent of the offspring will have red flowers?
75%
What is the production of a phenotype that is between two different homozygous parents?
A hybrid
A scientist recently found an invertebrate species living in the deep sea that had never been identified previously. The scientist wants to determine if the species reproduces sexually. What can the scientist do to help her find her answer?
Comparing the DNA of individuals within the population
Selective breeding refers to the______.
Deliberate mating of two organisms with the intention of producing offspring with desirable traits.
What best describes the influence that parents have on whether or not offspring inherit a genetically inherited trait?
Each parent contributes ONE allele because each parent randomly contributes one allele for each gene that is passed on to offspring
In a rabbit the gene for gray fur (G) is dominant over the gene for black fur (g). If 50% of a large litter of rabbits are gray, what was the most likely parental cross?
Gg × gg
What is involved in the process of Artificial selection?
Humans select animals to breed that creates offspring with desired traits
What's the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves two parent organisms, but asexual reproduction does not.
Reproduction in Species A: Four offspring produced One parent Offspring are uniform Reproduction in Species B: Five offspring produced Two parents Offspring are diverse
Species A: asexual reproduction; Species B: sexual reproduction
How does an offspring produced by asexual reproduction compare to the parent organism?
All of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism.
Agriculture has used selective breeding for many years to pass on desirable traits to domesticated plants and animals. What is a selection that represents this selective breeding?
Artificial Breeding
A pea plant's seed shape is round. What can be said about this trait?
It is the phenotype. (what you can see)
The kalanchoe plant reproduces asexually by creating new plants and the chili pepper plant reproduces sexually, which means it can produce peppers that are many different colors and sizes, even though they are growing on the same plant. What benefit do the offspring of the kalanchoe plant receive that the offspring of the chili pepper plant do not?
Kalanchoe offspring will have the same genetic ability to resist disease as the parent plant
What is true if an organism can reproduce asexually?
Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants. His work showed that organisms inherit traits from their parents and that some traits are dominant over others. Mendel's work was ignored for a long time because scientists could not explain how traits were carried from one generation to the next. What discovery provided scientists with a way to explain Mendel's work?
Punnet Squares
Roses are one of the common flowers in the floral community, their popularity has caused a large increase in the varieties of roses. Which best explains how roses could have varying traits when they initially did not?
Selective Breeding
What type of breeding will most likely decrease genetic diversity?
Selective Breeding
In dogs, the allele for rough fur, R, is dominant over the allele for smooth fur, r. What might be the possible genotype of a dog with rough fur?
The dog can have either a RR or Rr genotype.
A green-seeded pea plant and a yellow-seeded pea plant have offspring with all yellow seeds. What is the most likely reason fro this to happen?
The genes from the yellow-seeded parent were dominant.
A homozygous dominant parent (PP) and a homozygous recessive parent (pp) have offspring. What is true about the offspring?
The offspring are heterozygous.
If the genotype of an individual is "Yy", what conclusion can be drawn?
The offspring are heterozygous. (different size)
A owner sells rabbits, they noticed the long, soft ear rabbits were being sold quit more than the other breeds of rabbits. What should the owner do to sell the most rabbits?
The owner should breed the rabbits with the longest, softest ears together.
Charles has blue eyes and his brother has brown eyes. What is the most likely reason for the difference in the eye color of Charles and his brother?
The trait for eye color is inherited from the mother and the father.
A Punnett square shows the results of a genetic cross. The mother is heterozygous (Hh) for the trait shown. The father is homozygous recessive for the trait (hh). What can one predict from the results of the Punnett square?.
There is a 50% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype and genotype as the father.
A Punnett square shows the results of a genetic cross between a heterozygous mother (Hh) and a homozygous recessive father (hh). What can one conclude from the results of the Punnett square?
There is a 50% chance that the offspring will have the same phenotype and genotype as the father. (The same answer as number 13).
Why do children sometimes look very similar to their parents?
Why do children sometimes look very similar to their parents?
Inside the nucleus, the X, known as chromosomes, are inside Y, the nucleus. They store_________.
X, chromosomes, are located inside Y, the nucleus, and these structures store genetic material for the cell.
Where is most of a cell's hereditary information stored?
Inside the nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes.
A cross between a pea plant with alleles YY for yellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with alleles yy for green seeds produces offspring with yellow seeds. What is true about the Y allele(s)?
The allele Y is dominant over the allele y for seed color.
