Genocide

Determine whether forced relocation can be considered genocide

At minimum, it is a part of genocide. At maximum, absolutely can be considered genocide. - Forced relocation is done with the knowledge that it will *Kill members of the group - Often involves forcibly transferring children - Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part All of these fall under the U.N definition of Genocide.

different political structures that might make genocide more likely

Fascist and Communist states are most likely to have Genocide occur. - Strong authoritarian leadership causes structural conditions that heighten possibility of genocide. (Strong State, Insecurity and Uncertainty, monolithic society).

Discuss why colonization frequently results in genocide against native populations

During colonization the strucutral explanation is "Ucertainty and Insecurity" which often leads to Out-group identification. Those strucutral explanations lead to individual explanations. Ideology, Fear, then Hatred and "Greater good". Colonization often included Massacres, Biological Warfare, Slavery and forced labor, mass population removals, forced removal of children and sterilization of people. All fall under UN def. for genocide.

Define the term indigenous

Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the society now prevailing in those territories, or parts of them.

Determine whether the famine in Russia could be considered Genocide

Why Famine in Russia is a Genocide: Political upheavel led to the massive expansion of the "Gulag" system. This system was a class war that targeted "wealthier" land owning citizens. Forcibly moved millions in the name of industry. They classified these people as Kulaks. Used them as forced labor, stole their resources. Mass executions performed. Famine was caused as they sent all food resources from the collectavized farms toward the city. Intent was clear. Famine was not a genocide because you can not classify the Kulaks as a nation, racial, ethnic or religious group. The intent was to industrialize the nation, not to kill kulaks. mass Kulak death was an unintended, but necessary resuly for Russia.

Define any of the ten stages of genocide

1) Classification: Lack of "Mixed categories. Us. vs them mentality 2) Symbolization: Giving people names or distinguishing them as other by colors, dress or symbols. 3) Discrimination: A dominant group uses law, custom and political power to deny rights to other groups. 4) Dehumanization: One group denies the humanity of the other group. 5) Organization: Genocide is organized, usually by the state 6) Polarization: Extremists drive the groups apart. Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda 7) Preparation: All practical things that go into Genocide. (Aligning the people, getting weapons, training soldiers etc.) 8) Persecution: Victims are identified and separated because of ethnic, racial, religious or national identity 9) Extermination 10) Denial: Lasts throughout and always follows a genocide

Individual explanations of genocide

1) Ideology 2) Fear 3) Obedience to Authority 4) Coercion 5) Role Expectations 6) Self-interest and opportunism 7) Freedom from prison 8) Threatened Egotism 9) Sadism

Country-level variables that influence the likelihood of genocide

1) Political Upheaval: Abrupt change in the political community through violent conflict 2) Prior Genocides: Often repeat offenders 3) Political Systems: Exlusionary ideologies and Autocratic rule 4) Ethnic and Religious cleavages 5) Low Economic Development

Structural explanations of Genocide

1) Strong State: Leads to coercion/Obedeince to authrity/heightened impunity 2) Monolithic Society: Leads to Obedience to authority/peer pressure and conformity to group. 3) Encertainty and Insecurity: Leads to Security Dilemma (Which leads to fear and ideology) 4) Out-group identification: Conneceted with uncertainty and insecurity: Leads to fear, iedology, security dilemma, hatred etc.

UN Genocide Definition

Any of the following acts with intent to destroy in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group 1) Killing members of the group 2) Causing serious bodily/mental harm 3) Deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction 4) Imposing preventitve birth measures 5) Forcibly transferring children

U.S Reservations in UN Genocide Convention

If charges are levied against the U.S, it is needed to have U.S consent first.

Explain the fate of aboriginal peoples during colonization

Often viewed as less than human (Dehumanization.) - -Often forced education and removal of indigenous children. - Mass population removals, leading to widespread death. - Deliberate starvation and famion - Slavery and forced labor - Biological warfare using pathogens - Genocidal massacres

Collective Identity

The shared definition of a group that derives from its members common interests, experiences etc. - Part of creating us. vs them mentality that leads to classification and polarization.