geo 12 #2
point on the earth surface directly above the focus
epicenter
fracture in earth's crust
fault
long crack in earths crust lava may extrude occasionally
fissure
point in earths where rock factures, resulting in earthquakes
focus
uplifted block of strata in between 2 faults (aka block moutain)
harst
super heated area of the mantle often volcanic activity occurs at hotspots
hot spot
rocks formed by the cooling and hardening of magma from within the earth's mantle
igneous
pooling of magma that occurs underground between rock layers
laccolith
mudflow caused when a vulcano's heat rapidly melts ice and snow on slopes of volcano
lahar
outer crust of earth
lithosphere
movement at a fault is prevented by excessive friction
locked fault
primary or compression wave generated by an earthquake travels through the ground by compression and expanding ia.
p waves
theorty of plate tectontics
plate tectonics
small eroded particles of rock fragments carried by water, ice, and wind and deposited in low lying areas
sediment
one of 3main rock types created when sediment collects in low lying ares
sedimentary rock
used to detect earthquakes
seismograph
scientist who studies earthquakes
seismologist
aftershock
series of less powerful earthquakes that follow the main quake
ocean volcanoes with gentle slopes composed of basaltic lava
shield cone
plate boundary where one plate over rides another plate forcing the other to dive down and be reclaimed by mantle
subduction zone
formation that occures when magma intrudes between rock layers cools and hardens
sill
pebbles rocks strike together breaking and wearing into smaller pieces
attrition
return of water back into the ocean after it has been pushed onto the beach by a wave
backwash
alluvial fans may grow so large that they join together to create one huge depositional feature
bajada
dark rock
basalt
earthquake zone @ subduction zone
benioff
crater created by a violet volcanic explosion/ implosion
caldera
the center of the earth contains inner outer layers
centrophere
fossil fuel produced by the compaction of minute seu creatues on the sea floor
cil
fossil fuel
coal
colums formed when balsaltic lava coals are fractures
columnar jointing
volcanic mountain compased of layers of lava
composite cone
flat shallow ocean floor next to the continent
continental shelf
drop-off from shallow continental shelf to the deep ocean floor
contintental slope
underground water source stored in porous parmeable rock layers
aquifer
wearing away of rock by the rubbing action of particles carried by water
abrasion
upper part of the mantle
anticline
rock formation that results when magma breaks across rock layers
dike
created when earth's crust is compressed the folded
fold mountains
similar to hot springs but a large blockage occurs in the fault line
geysers
size of earthquake
magnitude
location on ocean floor where plates are diverging
mid ocean ridge
refers to any material blasted out of a volcano
pyroclastics
measures severity of the earthquakes
richter scale
secondary waves
s-waves
when p and S waves reach the surface. travel like rippels on water
surface waves
