Bio 101 Final Multi-choice questions

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All the following molecules are carbohydrates except A) Lactose B) Cellulose C) Hemoglobin D) Amylose E) Starch

C)

Which of the following are reactants in photosynthesis A) Glucose B) Oxygen C) Carbon dioxide and water D) Carbon dioxide an glucose E) Nitrogen

C)

Which of the following is not true about osmosis? A) It's a passive process in all cells, including prokaryotes B) Water moves into a cell from a hypotonic environment C) Water moves out of a cell from a hypertonic cytoplasm D) It can occur more rapidly through channel proteins known as aquaporins E) There is no net osmosis when cells are in isotonic solutions

C)

Person A spends her time at the library on the weekends and remains from consuming any drugs or alcohol. However, person B consumes a large quantity of alcohol and drugs numbers times a week Which of the following organelles is responsible for person B's increases tolerance for drugs and alcohol? A) Lysosomes B) Peroxisomes C) Ribosomes D) Smooth ER E) Golgi apparatus

D)

Photosystem II utilizes light with a wavelength of A) 580 nm B) 600 nm C) 650 nm D) 680 nm E) 700 nm

D)

Some cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation, a process that A) oxidatives nitrogen-containing compounds to produce ATP B) Allows these bacteria to live in anaerobic environments C) Removes soil nitrogen and returns N2 gas to the atmosphere D) Converts N2 to ammonia, making nitrogen available for incorporation into proteins and nucleic acids E) Is an essential part of the nitrogen cycle that extracts nitrogen trapped in mineral deposits and makes it available to organisms for their nitrogen metabolism

D)

The process of photosynthesis pass from the A) Grana to thylakoid disc B) Stroma to thylakoid disc C) Stroma to grana D) Thylakoid disc to stroma E) Thylakoid disc to grana

D)

The small pieces of independently replicating DNA found in bacteria are called A) Reeses B) Viruses C) Bacteriophages D) Plasmids E) Virulents

D)

What is a common feature of both starch and glycogen? A) Both form microfibrils that give support to connective tissue B) Both contain repeated monomers of glucose and galactose C) They are important structural components of plant cell walls D) They are polymers of glucose E) They are water-soluble disaccharides

D)

Which of the following involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells? A) binary fission B) Endospore formation C) Endotoxin release D) Biofilms E) Photoautotrophy

D)

Which of the following is the original source of all energy used by nearly all organisms on earth? A) ATP B) Plants C) Heat D) The sun E) Water

D)

A plasmid is exchanged between bacteria through a pious A. Transduction B. Transposition C. Translation D. Transformation E. Conjugation

E. Conjugation

A cell that passes the restriction point in G1, will most likely A) Undergo DNA replication B) Have just completed cytokinesis C) Continue to divide only if it's a cancer cell D) Move into G0 phase E) Stop the cell cycle and becomes doormat

A)

Results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms A. Nonpolar covalent bond B. polar covalent bond C. Ionic bond D. Hydrogen bond E. Hydrophobic interaction

B.

A small amount of cellular energy is produced at the beginning stages of cellular respiration. Which state best describes this process? A) Attachment of free inorganic Pi group to ADP B) Transport of electrons to a series carries C) Removal of a phosphate from ATP releases energy D) Transfer of a phosphate from a substrate molecule to ADP E) Energy is harnessed when the bonds of glucose are broken to form pyruvate

D)

Carbohydrates normally function in animals as A) The functional units of lipids B) Enzymes in the regulation of metabolic processes C) A component of triglycerides D) Energy storage molecules E) Sites of protein synthesis

D)

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level? A) NAD+ B) NADH C) Acetyl CoA D) FADH2 E) FAD

D)

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by A) Decreasing the free energy change of the reaction B) Increasing the free energy change of the reaction C) Degrading the competitive inhibitors in a reaction D) Lowering the activation energy of the reaction E) Rising the activation energy of the reaction

D)

If the steps by which a molecule is transferred from the nucleus of a cell to the extracellular matrix are as follows: 1-nuclear membrane; 2-vesicle; 3-Golgi apparatus; 4-endoplasmic reticulum, which of the following represents the correct sequence? A) 2-1-3-4 B) 3-4-2-1 C) 4-3-2-1 D) 1-4-3-2 E) 1-4-2-3

D)

Knowledge of the cell cycle control system will be most beneficial to understanding A) Human reproduction B) Endomembrane systems C) Eukaryotic growth and development D) Cancerous cells E) Cardiovascular disease

D)

Noncyclic photophorylation in photosynthesis activates A) PS I only B) PS II only C) PS I then PS II D) PS II then PS I E) Neither PS I nor PS II

D)

Which of the following best describes the theory of endosymbiosis? A) A prokaryotic cell takes up genes from the surrounding environment B) An organism will benefit from the symbiotic relationship, while neither is harmed C) Cyanobacteria synthesize food and restore oxygen to the atmosphere D) Some organelles were once small prokaryotes E) Prokaryotes mediate the return of elements from the nonliving components of the environment

D)

Which of the following groups is incorrectly described? A)Proteobacteria-diverse gram-negative bacteria, including pathogens such as Salmonella and Heliobacter pylori and beneficial species such as Rhizobium B) Chlamydias-intracellular parasites, including a species that causes blindness and is sexually transmitted C) Spirochetes-helical heterotrophs, including pathogens that cause syphilis and Lyme disease D) Cyanobacteria-photosynthetic filaments of cells; many species use the pigment bacteriorhodopsin and inhabit very saline waters E) Gram-positive bacteria-diverse group that includes actinomycetes, mycoplasmas, and pathogens that cause anthrax, botulism, and tuberculosis

D)

substrate-level phosphorylation A) involves shifting of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate B) uses NADH to provide the energy needed to make small amounts of ATP C) Takes place only in the cytosol D) Requires a substrate molecule to donate an attached phosphate group E) Uses a substrate to act as an electron carrier

D)

Digests damaged organelles A) Mitochondria B) Golgi apparatus C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosomes E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D) lysosome

Explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to each other A. Nonpolar covalent bond B. polar covalent bond C. Ionic bond D. Hydrogen bond E. Hydrophobic interaction

D.

Cyclic photophosphorylation takes place during A) Aerobic respiration B) Anaerobic respiration C) Carbon fixation D) Photolysis E) The light reactions

E)

During non-division periods of the cell cycle, DNA exists as A) Daughter chromosomes B) A tetrad of four chromatids C) A single sister chromatid D) Newly formed sister chromatids E) Chromatin

E)

During photosynthesis, which of the following processes occur in the thylakoids? A) Calvin cycle, glycolysis, and ATP synthesis B) Calvin cycle, electron transport chain, and photosystem I C) Photophosphorylation, photosystem I, and carbon fixation D) Carbon fixation, electron transport chain, and ATP synthesis E) Photosystem II, electron transport chain, and photosystem I

E)

During which stage does DNA replication occur A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase E) None of the above

E)

Elect the correct path that an electron could take during the complete process of photosynthesis A) CO2-->RuBP-->PGAL-->Glucose B) H2O-->PSI-->PSII-->NADPH-->PGAL C) PSII-->H2O-->PSI-->NADPH-->Glucose D) CO2-->PSI-->NADPH-->RuBP-->PGAL E) H2O-->PSII-->PSI-->NADPH-->PGAL

E)

Genetic variation in prokaryotes may be a result of A) Transduction B) Mutation C) Conjugation D) Transformation E) All of the above

E)

Hydrolysis is involved in which of the following? A) Synthesis of amylose B) hydrogen bond formation between nucleic acids C) Peptide bonding in proteins D) The hydrophilic interactions of lipids E) The digestion of polysaccharides to glucose

E)

Selective permeability of the cell membrane results from A) Carrier proteins (pump) B) Channel proteins C) Phospholipids D) Both a and b E) a, b and c

E)

The chemiosmotic gradient in aerobic respiration drives the process of A) Photophosphorylation B) ETC C) Fermentation D) Krebs cycle E) ATP synthesis

E)

What is the value of the alcoholic fermentation pathway? A) It produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation B) It produces lactate as a less toxic waste product C) It produces NADH for the electron transport chain D) It replenishes alcohol for further oxidation E) It replenishes NAD+ so glycolysis can produce ATP

E)

Which molecule is not part of the cell membrane? A) lipid B) phosphate group C) steroid D) protein E) nucleic acid

E)

Which of the following is produced in the light reaction A) H2O B) CO2 C) Glucose D) NADP E) O2

E)

Which of the following stages produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water? A) Glycolysis B) Fermentation C) Oxidation of pyruvate D) Krebs cycle E) Oxidative phosphorylation

E)

Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of Gram+/- bacteria? A) Gram + bacteria have walls with well-defined fimbria and a think capsule B) Gram + bacteria have alternating layers of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides making them thicker than Gram - bacteria C) Gram - bacteria reacts with the Gram stain D) Gram - bacteria are primarily classified in the Archaea domain E) Both Gram + and Gram - bacteria contain peptidoglycan

E)

Makes steroid hormones A) Mitochondria B) Golgi apparatus C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosomes E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A group of F+ bacteria is mixed with a group of F- bacteria A. Transduction B. Transposition C. Translation D. Transformation E. Conjugation

E. Conjugation

A cell with a cytoplasmic solute concentration that is lower than its environment is said to be A) Hydrophilic B) Hypertonic C) Hypotonic D) Isotonic E) Isomorphic

C)

Bacteria form the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve symbiosis? A) Skin commensalism B) Decomposer C) Methane-consuming archaea D) Gut mutualist E) Pathogen

C)

C4 plants utilize _______ to fix carbon dioxide before it enters the Calvin cycle A) Rubisco B) Bundle sheath cells C) PEP carboxylase D) Oxaloacetate E) Crassulacean acidity

C)

Chemoautotrophs A) Are photosynthetic but utilize chemical instead of light for energy B) Use organic molecules for both energy and carbon sources C) Use inorganic substances for energy and use CO2 as a carbon sources. D) Use light to generate ATP but need organic molecules for a carbon source E) Use light energy to extract electrons from H2S.

C)

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle A) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA B) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA C) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA D) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA E) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA

C)

How many times does the Kreb's cycle occur for every one glucose molecule input A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 6 E 30+

C)

In plants, how in the living content connected to adjacent cells? A) Pores B) Tight junctions C) Plasmodesmata D) Gap junctions E) Desmosomes

C)

Photolysis in photosynthesis A) Splits oxygen gas B) Synthesizes oxygen gas C) Splits water D) Synthesizes water E) Splits light with magnesium

C)

Polymers of polysaccharides, fat, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by A) Connecting monosaccharides together B) The addition of water to each monomer C) The removal of water D) Ionic bonding of the monomers E) The formation of disulfide bridges between monomers

C)

Suppose a yeast cell uses 10 molecules of glucose for energy production. No oxygen is available. What will be the maximum net yield of ATP? A) 2 B) 12 C) 20 D) 30+ E) None of these are correct

C)

The stages of aerobic cellular respiration take place in A) Cytosol, matrix, cell membrane B) Inner mitochondrial membrane and matrix C) Cytosol, inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix and intermembrane space D) Cytosol, cristae, outer mitochondrial membrane, cell membrane E) Mitochondrial cristae and matrix

C)

Which of the following can take place without light energy A) Cyclic phosphorylation B) Noncyclic photophosphorylation C) Oxidative phosphorylation D) Both a and b E) None of the above

C)

Which of the following compounds is not found in the Calvin cycle? A) ATP B) NADPH C) Oxaloacetic acid D) Rubisco E) RuBP

C)

Which of the following features are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A) Nucleus B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Ribosomes D) Flagella or cilia that contain microtubules E) Chloroplasts

C)

Which of the following is true concerning saturated fatty acids? A) All of the below are true B) They have double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acids C) They are hydrophobic D) They are usually liquid at room temperature E) They are usually produced by plants

C)

Which of the following statements best summarizes structural differences between DNA and RNA? A) RNA makes protein, while DNA stores genetic information B) RNA is not a polymer, but DNA is C) DNA contains a different sugar from RNA D) RNA is a double helix, but DNA isn't E) DNA is right side up and RNA is upside down

C)

Which of the two function groups are always found in amino acids A) Amine and sulfhydryl B) Carbonyl and Carboxyl C) Carboxyl and amine D) Alcohol and aldehyde E) Ketone and amine

C)

Results from the transfer of electron(s) between atoms A. Nonpolar covalent bond B. polar covalent bond C. Ionic bond D. Hydrogen bond E. Hydrophobic interaction

C.

At the end of the Kreb's cycle, where is most of the energy that was originally located in the glucose located? A) In the electron carriers B) In the carbon dioxide C) In the pyruvate D) In the AtP E) In the cristae

A)

Bacteria are able to "fight back" and survive antibiotic drugs as a result of A) R plasmids B) F plasmids C) virulent viral particles D) Temperate viral particles E) Getting used to it

A)

Cyclic photophosphorylation activates A) PS I only B) PS II only C) PS I then PS II D) PS II then PS I E) Neither PS I nor PS II

A)

During aerobic cellular respiration the compound acetyl CoA is A) Formed in the junction step in the matrix of the mitochondria B) Converted into oxaloacetate in the Kreb's Cycle C) Converted into CO2 which is ultimately exhaled D) Converted using ATP E) Formed in the junction step in the cytosol

A)

During cellular respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequences? A) Glucose-->NADH/FADH2-->ETC-->O2 B) Glucose-->pyruvate-->junction step-->CO2 C) Glucose-->Krebs cycle-->NADH-->ATP D) Glucose-->NADH-->ethanol E) Glucose-->pyruvate-->acetyl CoA-->oxaloacetate-->ATP

A)

Each of the following molecules are directly involved in the Krebs cycle EXCEPT A) NADH2 B) ATP C) Fermentation D) Krebs cycle E) ATP synthesis

A)

Facultative anaerobes A) Can survive with or without oxygen B) Are poisoned by oxygen C) Can carry out anaerobic respiration or fermentation but not aerobic cellular respiration D) Are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen to make NH3 E) Include the methanogens, which oxidize H2 and reduce CO2 to CH4

A)

Fermentation produces less ATP than aerobic cellular respiration because A) NAD+ is regenerated without the electrons of NADH passing through the electron transport chain B) The starting reacting is pyruvate C) A lot of energy of the glucose is released in CO2 D) All of the above are correct E) None of the above are correct

A)

If 100 molecules of monosaccharides were covalently joined together in sequence, the single molecules that would result would be A) Polysaccharide B) Polypeptide C) Polyunsaturated lipid D) Nucleic acid E) Fatty acid

A)

In an experiment, mice were given a glucose solution containing a small amount of radioactively labeled oxygen C6H12O6. The labeled oxygen can be traced (followed) as the glucose moved through their bodies. Where did the labeled oxygen eventually show up? A) Carbon dioxide B) Water C) ATP D) NADH E) Blood

A)

Photoautotrophs use A) Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source B) Light as an energy source and methane as a carbon source C) N2 as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source D) CO2 as both an energy source and carbon source E) H2S as an energy source and CO2 as a Caron source

A)

The newt amount of AtP produced in photosynthesis is A) 0 ATP B) 2 ATP C) 34 ATP D) 36 ATP E) 38 ATP

A)

What does an allosteric inhibitor do the ability of an enzyme to do its job A) Binds to the enzyme and prevents the enzyme from functioning B) Binds to the enzyme by changing its shape to the active form C) Binds to the substrate and induces the inactive form of the enzyme D) Binds to the substrate and induces the active form of the enzyme E) Stabilizes the enzyme and speeds up the reaction rate

A)

Which of the following drives the ETC to move electrons in one direction A) Electronegativity B) Water and heat C) Carbon dioxide D) ATP synthase E) Chemiosmosis

A)

Which of the following is not a known function of the cytoskeleton? A) To maintain a critical limit on cell size B) To provide mechanical support to the cell C) To maintain characteristic shape of the cell D) To assist in cell motility by interacting with specialized motor proteins E) To hold mitochondria and other organelles in place within the cytosol

A)

Which of the following solutions has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) A) gastric juice at pH 2 B) vinegar at pH 3 C) tomatoes at pH 4 D) black coffee at pH 5 E) seawater at pH 8

A)

Which of the following statements accurately describes a role of prokaryotes in chemical recycling? A) Chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes may function as decomposers to return chemical elements to an ecosystem B) Photoheterotrophs convert atmospheric CO2 into organic compounds C) Chemoautotrophs such as soil bacterium increase the availability of sulfur for growing seedlings D) Photoautotrophic bacteria living on hydrothermal vents support communities of eukaryotic species E) All of the above are correct

A)

Provides energy for cellular processes A) Mitochondria B) Golgi apparatus C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosomes E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A) Mitochondria

The group of bacteria is the most diverse A. Gram-Positive Bacteria B. Chlamydias C. Spirochetes D. Gramma Proteobacteria E. Epsilon Proteobacteria

A. Gram-Positive Bacteria

Dna is transferred from one bacteria to another by a virus A. Transduction B. Transposition C. Translation D. Transformation E. Conjugation

A. Transduction

Archaea A) May be more closely related to Gram - bacteria than to Eukaryotes B) Are often found in harsh habitats as well as groups found in more moderate habitats C) Have cell walls that contain cellulose D) Form symbiotic relationships with plants, attaching to root nodules, and fix atmospheric nitrogen E) All of the above are true

B)

During photosynthesis, energized photosystems embedded in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts produce which of the following? A) ATP and NAD+ B) ATP and NADPH C) ADP and H2O D) Sugar and O2 E) H20 and ATP

B)

If a single layer of phospholipids coats the water in a beaker, which parts of the molecules face the air? A) The phosphate groups B) The hydrocarbon tails C) Both heads and tails because the molecules areamphiphatic and lie sideways D) The glycolipid regions E) No parts of the molecules face the air, because the phospholipids dissolve in the water

B)

In C3 plants, during carbon fixation of the Calvin cycle, CO2 combines with A) NADP+ B) RuBP C) H2O D) PGA E) PEP

B)

Muscle cels in oxygen deprivation gain which of the following during anaerobic respiration A) 30+ ATP, Carbon dioxide and water B) 2 ATP, NAD+, lattice acid C) 2 ATP, NAD+, ethanol D) 2 ATP, carbon dioxide and water E) 30+ ATP, NAD+, lactic acid

B)

The gas needed for photosynthesis is A) CO2 obtained by diffusion through the upper epidermis B) CO2 obtained by diffusion regulated through guard cells C) H2O obtained by osmosis through veins D) O2 obtained by diffusion through veins E) O2 obtained by regulated by guard cells

B)

The organic compound exported from the Calvin cycle is A) Carbon dioxide B) PGAL C) NADPH D) Glucose E) Glycerin

B)

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is most directly involved with which process or event? A) Glycolysis B) Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C) The krebs cycle D) The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA E) The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

B)

Which of the following processes contributes most of the NADH to the electron transport chain A) Oxidative phosphorylation B) Krebs Cycle C) Substrate level phosphorylation D) Chemiosmosis E) Glycolysis

B)

Processes polypeptides for export A) Mitochondria B) Golgi apparatus C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosomes E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B) Golgi apparatus

The bacteria that causes Lyme disease belongs to this group A. Gram-Positive Bacteria B. Chlamydias C. Spirochetes D. Gramma Proteobacteria E. Epsilon Proteobacteria

C. Spirochetes

All of the following occurs in cyclic photophosphorylation except A) Electrons move along an electron transport chain B) Electrons in chlorophyll become excited C) Light energy is absorbed D) ATP is produced E) NADPH is produced

E)

Approximately how many ATP molecules are produced from the complete oxidation of TWO molecules of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration? A) Two B) 4 C) 15 D) 30+ E) 60+

E)

Salmonella and E.Coli belong to this group of bacteria A. Gram-Positive Bacteria B. Chlamydias C. Spirochetes D. Gramma Proteobacteria E. Epsilon Proteobacteria

D. Gamma Proteobacteria

Free DNA from one strain of bacteria is assimilated by another strain A. Transduction B. Transposition C. Translation D. Transformation E. Conjugation

D. Transformation


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