Geo Chapter 8
The B climates are dry most usually because of lack of ________.
uplift in the air
76) Of the following temperatures, which of the following is CLOSEST to the official low temperature in degrees Celsius (and degrees Fahrenheit) ever recorded on Earth?
-100
For the last 10,000 years AS A WHOLE, Earth temperatures can be said to be________.
warm and fairly steady
The world record for greatest precipitation received in a single year is in a monsoon climate and is on the order of ________ centimeters.
2,600
The modified Köppen climate classification as used in the textbook includes ________ major climatic groups.
5
"Night is winter" is best applied to the ________ climate.
Af
There are more square kilometers of A climates in ________ than in any other region.
Africa
________ has the most symmetrical of the distributions of major climatic types on either side of the Equator.
Africa
Of the six major modified Köppen climatic types used in your textbook, only the Group ________ is associated with climates defined on the basis of moisture.
B
A Cfa climate exists on the southeastern coast of the United States. Which climate type exists on the southwestern coast of the United States?
Csa
A middle latitude climate type located on the western edges of the continents is the ________ climate.
Csb
Which of the following helps determine past climate on the basis of tree rings?
Dendrochronology
A Cfb climate exists along the northwest coast of the United States. Which climate type exists along the northeastern coast of the United States?
Dfa
Which climatic type is dominated by the westerly winds throughout the year so there are frequent weather changes?
Dfa
Melt ponds and moulins are closely associated with signs of climate change in ________.
Greenland
There are two large areas of ice cap climate in the world. They are in ________.
Greenland and Antarctica
Which of the following is NOT usually found in highland locations as compared to their surrounding lowlands?
Higher temperatures
Which of the following average annual precipitation totals is CLOSEST to that expected in an ice cap climate?
Less than 25 cm
In subarctic (Dfc, Dfd, Dwc, Dwd) climates, which of the following explains the presence of a continuous, thin snow cover for many months of the year?
Low evapotranspiration rates
Which of the following climates does NOT have a summer wetter than its winter?
Mediterranean
Does a midlatitude desert climate type have a winter maximum of precipitation?
NO
Which of the following is a Milankovitch Cycle which is due to the changing orientation or Earth's axis?
Precession
In terms of general location of a climate, in what place would one expect to find a humid continental climate in the United States?
The Great Lakes
Vertical zonation of vegetation is particularly prominent in which region?
Tropical highlands
The IPCC is certain __________ climate change is now caused by humans.
all
In midlatitude desert (BWk) climates, the ________ temperature is greater than in subtropical desert (BWh) climates.
annual range of
Anthropogenic means ________ in terms of climate change.
caused by humans
In the tropical wet climate, precipitation is mainly ________.
convective
AS A WHOLE, over the past 70 million years there has been a global _______
cooling
The lowercase letter symbolizing "moist, with no dry season" in the Köppen classification system is ________.
f
Steppe climates can be thought of as occupying transitional positions between deserts and ________.
humid climates
Oxygen isotope analysis is used when studying the relationship between ________ and climate change.
ice cores
Observed climate change on Earth does NOT include warm days and cold nights both _____________
increasing
Ice cap climates often have very strong ________winds blowing off of their surfaces.
katabatic
In tropical regions, the "winter" season is merely the ________ period.
low sun
The single most descriptive word that can be applied to Tropical Wet climates is ________.
monotonous
Throughout the ET climates, ________ is/are very prevalent.
radiation fogs
Köppen's climate classification includes ________ major climate groups designated by capital letters.
six
A matter of great concern is that many of the places where existing climates are predicted to disappear also happen to regions currently with great ________.
snow cover
In Am climates, the hottest time of year is ________.
spring
In tropical regions, the high-sun season is the ________ period.
summer
Midlatitude deserts experience a ________ maximum in precipitation.
summer
The Köppen system of climate classification is based on ________ and ________.
temperature and precipitation
Where in the world does average daily temperature exceed the annual temperature range?
the tropical latitudes
Three Group A climates
tropical wet (Af), tropical savanna (Aw), tropical monsoon (Am)
According to the IPCC, the warming of global climate "is ________________."
unequivocal
How often is the ITCZ overhead on the tropical humid climates?
very
The world's greatest annual average temperature range between January and July is in a Dfd climate in ________.
Siberia
The largest amount of tropical rainforest is on the continent of ________.
South America
Which, taken by itself, represents a net warming effect in the atmosphere?
Sulfates released
The zone lowest to sea level is called the ________.
Tierra caliente
In mountainous areas, which term refers to the vertical zone of frozen land at high elevation?
Tierra helada
Climates that are expected to appear because of climate change and that are not currently found in the Köppen classification systems are ________ climates.
basic
The IPCC concludes that temperature increases, sea-level increases, and rainfall changes are effectively irreversible for a period of "________" after CO2 emissions are stabilized.
centuries
The hottest places on Earth are associated with a lack of ___________.
clouds
The afternoon peaking of precipitation in the Af climate is caused by ________.
convective thunderstorms
In South America there is a coastal desert because of a ________.
double rain shadow
The current rise in global sea level can be attributed to ________.
melting of glaciers
In an Af climate, what time of day is precipitation most likely?
mid-afternoon
In the Df and Dw climates, winter precipitation mainly originates from ________.
midlatitude cyclones
The tundra climate is bounded on its poleward side by the average annual ________°C (ºF) isotherm.
0
Which of the following would be an expected average annual precipitation total in a marine west coast climate?
100 cm
In what year did Köppen first publish his classification system?
1918
The intertropical convergence zone is most closely associated with which of the Köppen system's major climate types?
A
A small island on the Equator would most likely be classified ________.
Af
The ________ climatic type has, by far, the smallest annual temperature range of any climatic type.
Af
Which type of climate is usually found closest to the Equator?
Af
The greatest one-day range of temperature was recorded in a BWh climate in ________.
Algeria
On which continent is the intertropical convergence furthest from the equator in the summer season?
Asia
The world's largest expanse of middle latitude dry climates is on the continent of ________.
Asia
The driest desert in the world is the ________.
Atacama
The following is an example of a west coast "foggy" desert.
Atacama
Which of the following climate types takes up the most land area on Earth?
B
The area most closely associated with D climates is ________.
Canada
Both great distances from oceanic moisture sources and blockage of moist flow by topography are both associated with dryness in the ________ desert.
Central Asian
Which climate type is known for clear skies in the summertime?
Csa
Because of the lack of continentality, which of the following is NOT a climate type found in South America?
D
Continentality is a term most closely associated with which climatic type?
D
Of the main Köppen climate zones, ________ is the only one that does not occur in the Southern Hemisphere.
D
All months have average temperatures below freezing in the ________ climatic type.
EF
Which of the following has the LEAST average annual precipitation? Af, Aw, Am, EF, BSk
EF
At its poleward margin the ________ climate is bounded by the 0° Celsius isotherm of average annual temperature.
ET
Which climatic type is most closely associated with the smallest average daily ranges of temperature?
ET
A lack of sunspots has been used as an explanation for ________.
Little Ice Age
The following manner of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions comes with more benefits than costs to individuals of society.
No Regrets opportunities
