GEOG 202 Exam #1 Review:

Babylonian Imago Mundi:

(c. 600 BC)

Interdependence:

-Dependency -Co-dependency Ex: husband & wife -Multi-dependency Ex: country A depends on B,C,D

Globalization has a demographic dimension as well:

-increasing numbers of international migrants -age/gender imbalances

Prime Meridian:

0 degrees latitude

List all 7 continents and all 4 oceans from smallest to largest:

1. Australia 2. Europe 3. Antarctica 4. S. America 5. N. America 6. Africa 7. Asia 1. Arctic 2. Indian 3. Atlantic 4. Pacific

Map Reading:

1. Textual - read the writing 2. Symbolic - translate the symbols 3. Spatial - see the patterns

Populations - 2017: Americas/New World:

1.005 billion - (7 million more than 2016) --N. America (continent) 582M -- S. America (continent) 423M --Anglo America (cultural realm: US/Can) 362M --Latin America (cultural realm) 643M --Middle America (sub-continent) 220M --Mexico 129M --Central America (Mex & Cent 177m) 48M --Caribbean/West Indies 43M

NAFTA:

3 largest federal states, Canada, U.S., Mexico

Mexico Basics:

4th largest country by territorial area in western hemisphere -1,972,550 sq. km -(after Canada, U.S., & Brazil) -(3x size of TX) -long coastline (11,122 km)

The Pro-Globalization stance:

ADVOCATES -global capitalism benefits us all

The Anti-Globalization Stance:

CRITICS -globalization eventually hurts us all

The 3 subcategories of interconnectedness are:

Dependency, Co-dependency, Multi-dependency

According to Dr. Prout, ancient maps were:

Ethnocentric and Distorted

What do you call a map that focuses on a specific country or people as the center of the world/attention?

Ethnocentric/egocentric

McDonald's Revenue mostly comes from:

Europe & Asia now mostly

Old World:

Europe, Asia, and Africa

Ptolemy:

Greek academic/depiction of the world as Greeks understood it -Columbus was trying to update the map of world -Euro Renaissance

What was the Battle of Seattle?

Huge protest over globalization at the WTO conference; protestors essentially shut down the entire city to protest; violent

Native American:

Indigenous or Pre-Columbian people

If the Earth were to be classified into two cultural regions, what would they be? (think 1492 AD)

New World/Old World -still used in classifying plants & animals -perspective terms

(The Americas): 3. Sub-Continents:

North America, Middle America, and South America

"Discovery of America" -- New World:

Post-Columbus "Discovery" -Last 525 years of world history

Middle Globalization Position?:

Pro & Con stances may be exaggerated -Advocates strong, yet efficient gov'ts, with strengthened yet also substantially reformulated international institutions, and globalized networks of environmental, labor, and human rights group

(The Americas): 1. Physical Structure:

South of Panama and up is N. America

(Meta-Geography): Continents and Oceans:

Sub-continents? -(7) Seas?

Western Hemisphere, New World, and Americas:

Synonymous

Interconnectedness leads to interdependence. (T/F):

True

Maps are usually distorted. (T/F):

True

Supporters of globalization hold to the economic principle of capitalism. (T/F):

True

Bubble Economy:

a speculatively inflated economy that cannot be sustained & is very unstable

Summary of the Pro-Stance:

advocates say globalization is *logical expression of capitalism*

Converging Currents: Economic activities are the prime movers behind globalization:

affects cultural patterns, political arrangements, & social developments

Populations -- 2017 NAFTA:

(3) 491M -Canada: 37M -U.S.A. 325M -Mexico: 129M

What are the 3 ways humans are more interconnected due to globalization?

Trade, Contact & Communication, Travel & Tourism

Interconnect:

connect with each other - "the way human activities interconnect with environment"

Regions:

contiguous bounded territory that shares one or many common characteristics.

*Map*:

graphical representation of reality -Representation: maps are not the real thing - Maps: made by people -Mental Maps: what objects are important in your mind

Interdependence relies on the:

system. -people who help manage trade

Globalization:

the *increasing* interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change.

Since Greenland is the largest island:

then interior of dryness exists there

Map making is called:

"Cartography" 1. Title. 2. Date 3. Scale 4. Grid 5. Legend 6. Direction

Western Hemisphere:

-Technical meaning is 0-180 degrees west of Prime Meridian -Functionally, the landmasses between the Atlantic & Pacific Ocean

Interconnectivity:

-Trade -Contact & Communication -Travel & Tourism

North America:

Anglo-America: --Franco-America - Quebec, & Louisiana --English (British) -Canada -United States

Economic Convergence:

belief that the world's poorer countries will eventually economically catch up to weather -Committed advocates believe sweatshops* are to be applauded -alternatives are worse

Human Geography:

concentrates on the spatial analysis of economic, social, and cultural systems

Earth's Oceans:

cover 71% of surface

Compare the North/South Hemispheres:

defined by sun, latitude lines, equator & poles

The primary force behind globalization is:

economic activities

Physical Geography:

examines climate, landforms, soils, vegetation, and hydrology

Thematic or Systematic Geography:

focus on a specific topic or them as opposed to analyzing a specific place or region

Vernacular Region:

local inhabitants believe exists -Ex: Aggieland

The Instantaneous Transfer:

of vast sums of money is inherently unstable

New World:

the Americas (N. & S.)

Domestication of animals sets:

the scene for animal diseases which led to high mortality rates

Cultural Landscape:

the tangible material expression of human settlement, past and present

Formal Regions:

uniform characteristics -Ex: corn growing in Midwest

Economic Niche:

when a country chooses to focus on developing 1 product

Relative Location of Canada:

has a high latitude

Continents:

land covers only 29% of surface -all land (55msqm)

Areal Integration:

study of how places interact with one another

Europe and Asia:

"Greece is in the center of the world"

Erik Prout said,:

"Map & Geographer is worth 10,000 words"

Hemispheres:

"half" -Eastern & Western

Define the Americas:

(larger meaning not U.S.) -the continents of N. & S. America - Native American

Glocalization:

(which combines globalization with locale) is the process of modifying an introduced globalized product or service to accommodate local tastes or cultural practices.

Summary of the Con-Stance:

*Not a natural process* - is an economic policy promoted by the

The Pro-globalization stance: Advocates say globalization is logical expression of capitalism:

--It will be benefit all nations by increasing wealth --wealth will trickle down -Every country/region should seek its economic niche -Free flow of capital aids in global economic wealth

World Superpower (U.S.):

--alliances & organizations -High Economic & Social Development --Wealthy & Energy -NAFTA --Evolving major trade blocs

Canada:

-2nd largest territorial-states -10 provinces -3 territories

(The Americas): 2. Culture Realms:

-Anglo America & Latin America --Languages: -N. America - 70% English -Latin America _____ Spanish

7 Continents (million square miles):

-Asia: 17.3 -Africa: 11.7 -North America: 9.5 -South America: 6.9 -Antarctica: 5.4 -Europe: 3.8 -Australia: 3.3

Strong support of multi-national organizations:

-Bipartisan political support --Institutions are useful for regulating & protecting the global system --world bank --International Monetary Fund --World Trade Organization -G7, G20

Critics of Globalization:

-Not a natural process! --It is an economic policy promoted by core countries -Is creating greater inequalities --rich richer/ poor poorer --e-convergence is not happening -promotes free-market , export-oriented economies --countries with only 1 productive item -- what if?

4 Oceans (millions of square miles):

-Pacific: 63.8 - largest physical feature on Earth -Atlantic: 31.8 (N.&S.) -Indian: 28.9 -Arctic: 5.4 -Southern Ocean? - Antarctic area

Criminal element of globalization:

-drugs, pornography, prostitution -terrorism (ideological, terminal)

Globalization is resulting in the economic reorganization of the world:

-global communications -global transportations -transnational conglomerate corporations, international financial institutions -global free-trade agreements -homogenous global consumer culture -globalized aspirations for democracy & freedom

Summary: "Globalization ________":

-is propelling Economic Restructuring --Global Scale (everywhere!) -has also triggered cultural change -has disrupted local, political, and economic systems -has a demographic dimension

Globalization has triggered cultural change:

-material & non-material elements of culture -hybridization of culture (a two-way flow)

Columbian Exchange:

-movement of people, plants, and animals -cultural diffusion (knowledge & ideas)

Columbian Exchange::

-old & new worlds are connected into the expanding world-system -Native American populations are devoted by disease -European people and ideas transform the New World

(Meta-Geography): Natural Regions:

-self-evident parts of the world -Earth's Land - Water Patterns

Globalization has triggered political & economic change:

-transnational firms can disrupt local economies in their search for natural resources and manufacturing sites

Will globalization bring a homogenous, culturally bland world?

-world is still a diverse place -ethnic and cultural differences are contributing to separatist political movements -socio-justice (economic & ecological) PLACES STILL MATTER

List and describe the 4 geographical attributes of every region.

1. Spatial: area, locations, boundaries 2. Internal Components: 2 way processes with its components -- i.e. within TX 3. External Counterparts: i.e. states around TX 4. Dynamic Quality: evolving

What are the 6 features every map should possess?

1. Title 2. Scale 3. Legend 4. Grid 5. Direction 6. Date

How many continents are on Earth's surface and how many square miles do they take up?

7 continents; 55 million square miles

Dr. Prout showed images of several ancient maps in class. Who created one of the oldest known maps?

Anaximander of Miletus

Beef originated in:

Iraq

According to the metageographical perspective, what kind of pattern do we see on the Earth's surface?

Land-water

Areal Differentiation:

a central theme of responsibility is describing and explaining what distinguishes one piece of the world from another

Place:

as a geographic concept, is not just the characteristics of a location but also encompasses the meaning that people give to such areas, as in the sense of place.

Free-Market Economic Model:

is not the one that today's developed countries used for their own development

Estados Unidos Mexicanos or United Mexican States Relative Location:

latitude south of the U.S.

Compare the East/West Hemispheres:

longitude lines, 360 degrees, Prime Meridian - line up division

Spicy food is relatively:

new to culture around the world

Functional Region:

one where a certain activity (or cluster of activities) takes place -Ex: subway network

Space:

represents a more abstract, quantitative, and model-driven approach to understanding how objects and practices are connected and impact each other.

Geography:

roots come from a Greek a word "describing the Earth," and this discipline is central to all cultures and civilizations as humans explore their world, seeking natural resources, commercial trade, military advantage, and scientific knowledge

Maquiladora:

sweatshops in Northern Mexico where workers make U.S. goods in U.S. factories to send to the U.S. duty free in exchange for providing jobs.