geog quizzes 4-5
The estimated urban share of the world's population today is approximately
50 %
The use of wood as fuel for space heating, cooking, and lighting is most common in which of the following
Africa
The use of incinerators to burn trash, rather than dumping household waste into landfills has become increasingly common in the US because it reduces the volume of waste by 90%. Which of the following is a negative trade off of building incinerators?
All of the above
Which of the following continents does NOT contain an industrial district?
Antarctica
Which of the following countries today accounts for half the coal produced and consumed
China
Which of the following is considered a NIC, or newly industrializing country?
South Korea
Among developing countries, one of the chief criticisms of the world trade organization and its effort to reduce trade barriers
developed countries protect their own agricultural markets with subsidies even as they oppose tariffs on manufactured goods they sell in the developing world
The largest volumes of transboundary shipments of hazardous waste are exported from
developed countries to developing countries
When excess nutrients from agriculture enter waterways, they cause a spurt in growth in organic matter in the water that is known as
eutrophication
A dead zone in a body of water, often indicated by the presence of dead fish, is usually an area where
excess nutrients have caused hypoxia
Activities that generate unreported earnings, represent lost tax revenues for governments, and lack formal contracts are considered part of the
informal economy
Which of the following, in terms of where industries locate, is an advantage of agglomeration
infrastructure
Which of the following, in terms of where industries locate, is an advantage of agglomeration?
infrastructure
Species such as the tiger mosquito, zebra mussel, Asian carp, gypsy moth, long-horned beetle, and emerald ash borer are species that have been released, usually by human action, into ecosystems in North America in which they did not evolve. When introduced species harm the environment, they are called
invasive
American law, especially the Clean Water Act, makes a distinction between point and nonpoint pollution for the purpose of regulation. Which of the following is an example of a point pollution source?
a sewage plant
An ore is
a solid material containing a desired mineral that is economically feasible to extract
Which of the following best describes a suburb?
a subordinate area dependent on the urban area that may be industrial, commercial, or residential
Despite composing less than 10% of the total value of world trade, trade talks have been stymied by lack of
agricultural products
Despite composing less than 10% of the total value of world trade, trade talks have been stymied by lack of agreement over trade in
agricultural products
Efforts in the US to reduce various forms of pollution are commonly considered most successful for
air pollution
In Alfred Weber's model of industrial location, which of the following variables are important in determining where businesses will locate?
all of the above - relative transport labor costs agglomeration costs
which of the following is an important factor in the development of cities
all of the above- agricultural surplus social organization defensible location
The greatly increased agricultural productivity associated with the green revolution is mainly caused by
all of the above- pesticides seed varieties irrigation
The greatest growth in recent years in the harvesting of fish for human consumption has come from
aquaculture
The underground region of water-laden sand and gravel that contains groundwater is called an
aquifer
Which of the the following is not a factor influencing the degree of human impact on the environment
asteroid impacts
Where is most new lithosphere created?
at seafloor spreading centers under the oceans and in the rift valleys of East Africa
The depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere is believed to be caused by
chlorofluorocarbons
The theory of comparative advantage holds that countries improve their living standards by
choosing industries in which to specialize and by trading with other countries
The practice of swidden agriculture involves
clearing fields by burning, planting, and then allowing field to lie fallow for many years
Which of the following energy sources was most important to early industrialization in Western Europe and the US
coal
Which of the following resources has the fewest years remaining of proven reserves
copper
Which of the following materials is most commonly used in the US for fuel in automobiles
corn
The largest landfill in the United States, Fresh Kills on Staten Island that served New York City, has problems typical of most landfills in that it
leached contaminants into the groundwater
Geothermal energy is heat derived from
magma from the interior of the Earth
Goods such as soft-drinks that gain weight as they are manufactured tend to be located near their
markets
What is petroleum
metamorphosed fats from the decay of once-living organisms
Which of the following gases is the primary component of natural gas
methane
In the years immediately after the oil shocks of the 1970s, the fossil fuel that was hoped by the US government to limit reliance on foreign oil was
oil shale
Which of the following practices is part of the New Industrial Division of Labor
outsourcing and offshoring
Which of the following practices is part of the New Industrial Division of Labor?
outsourcing and offshoring
Semiconductor devices made of silicon that generate electricity directly from solar rays are called
photovoltaic cells
Societies in which governments set the price paid by consumers to producers are called
planned economies
Which of the following industries is LEAST likely to locate near the market for its finished products
plywood mill
Which of the following industries is LEAST likely to locate near the market for its finished products?
plywood mills
Primary commodities are the mainstay of the economies of the developing world and constitute more than 80% of the export earnings of Africa. What is the major disadvantage of relying on commodities for revenue?
price volatility of commodities
Manufacturing industries engaged in bulk or weight reduction operations are
raw material oriented
Goods that are bulky, such as lumber, tend to be located near their
raw materials
Which of the following best describes just-in-time manufacturing?
raw materials and supplies purchased as needed on a short time frame and manufacture for immediate sale
Which of the following best describes just-in-time manufacturing
raw materials and supplies purchased as needed on a short time frame, and manufacture for immediate sale
Which of the following environmental issues is more significant in countries where the primary sector dominates the economy than in countries where the secondary or tertiary sectors do
raw sewage entering the drinking water supply
The concentration of salts in the topsoil as a result of evaporation of surface waters is called
salinization
Municipal solid waste in the US is most commonly disposed of by
sanitary landfill
Practice of cutting medium and large trees either singly or in small groups and leaving younger trees is known as
selective cutting
Which of the following is considered the least destructive method of harvesting wood in forests
selective cutting
Which of the following terms refer to breaking down a mineral deposit to the desired pure material
smelting
Which of the following is considered a NIC, or newly industrializing country Which of the following continents does NOT contain an industrial district
south korea antarctica
A trench is dug, coal or phosphate excavated, and another trench is dug, with waste rock and soil from the second trench filling in the first. Which of the following is the term for this practice?
strip mining
Outsourcing is a production process which depends on
subcontracting production work
Why did the central business district decline in the second half of the 20th century
suburbanization and deindustrialization
The concentric zone model of urban form assumes that heavy manufacturing is located
surrounding the CBD
Genetically modified (GM) crops, sometimes called the second Green Revolution, are today most likely to be planted in
the developing world
Where and when does the term sustainable development originate
the earth summit, rio de janeiro, brazil 1992
The Ogallala aquifer is
the primary source of groundwater in the Great Plains
Overfishing of many major marine fisheries has led to a dramatic drop in the average per capita marine catch globally. This has been explained as (missing words) designated the opens seas as property that belongs to all nations, with no one responsible for ocean conversation. Such unlimited exploitation of resources in the absence of conventions for sharing economists call the
tragedy of the commons
The main shopping and financial heart of a city is called
central business district
What is a convection cell?
B and C- the circular, vertical movement of gas from the hot surface of the earth to the top of the cooler troposphere and back down the circular, vertical movement of liquid from the hot core of the earth to the cooler upper mantle and back down
According to the concentric zone model, land uses are arranged in which order, moving outward from the center of the city?
CBD, zone of transition, zone of industrial workers, zone of better residences, commuter zone Ctibc- Acronym (Cathy takes it by chance)
Which of the following countries has the highest per capita use of wind power?
Denmark
Which term refers to large nodes of office and retail activities at the margin of an urban area?
Edge cities
The legislation in the US that prohibited hunting or commercial harvesting of animals nearing extinction is known as the
Endangered species act of 1973
Which of the following is an example of a perpetually renewable resource?
Geothermal energy
The technological innovation that was most important in allowing the Green Revolution to occur was the development of the
Haber-Bosch process
In the urban hierarchy of world cities, which three cities rank at the very top?
London, NY, Tokyo
Which of the following cities heats itself solely with geothermal energy
Reykjavik, Iceland
Many of the worlds greatest cities are subsiding because of
Sea level rise or groundwater extraction
What is a creole language?
a blend of languages, usually based in one dominant language, that has become the native tongue of a group of speakers
By definition, a global biodiversity hotspot has
a high number of endermic species and high risk of disruption by humans
When oxides of sulfur and nitrogen that are created by burning fossil fuels enter the atmosphere and precipitate back down to earth, the oxides are known as
acid rain
The basic sector of a city's economy consists of
activities that bring in money from outside the area
The production of methane gas from crop residues and animal and human refuse is called
biogas
A maquiladora is a mexican
border industry
Which of the following locations fosters the growth of large cities nearby?
break-of-bulk operations
Which of the following is an example of intensive commercial agriculture
dairy farms
A proven reserve has which of the following combination of characteristics
economically feasible to recover, has been identified
The central place theory of Christaller holds that cities of different sizes in the same region tend to be located in such a way that they are
economically interdependent
What terms refer to large nodes of office and retail activities at the margin of an urban area?
edge cities
Three categories of economic activities included in the business services sector of the economy include
finance, insurance, and real estate
In the Bakken formation in western North Dakota and other formations like it, shale can be made to produce oil by
horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing
Which of the following is an example of a capital city being relocated outside the core region of its country?
islamabad
Which of the following best explains the multiplier effect?
jobs that bring in money from outside a locality create multiple local jobs
Mining companies are most likely to locate mines in area where there are
large amounts of ore, even if low-grade
Are cities of the developing world more or less likely than cities of the developed world to be primate cities?
more
The model of urban form that best fits the city of Los Angeles is the
multiple-nuclei model
Which of the following fossil fuels contributes least to globalization
natural gas
Before the mid 19th century, all major cities in the United States were located adjacent to
navigable waterways
In von thunen's model of agricultural location, in relation to the city center, dairy farming occurs
nearby
The type of subsistence agriculture that needs the most amount of land per person fed is
nomadic herding
When employees make goods or perform services and the profit from those goods or services stays within the community, such employees are said to work in which of the following sectors
nonbasic
The collection of manufacturing processes characteristic of industry in the developed world in the three decades after world war II is known as Fordism. Which of the following accurately characterizes post- Fordist manufacture?
production for niche markets; declining transport costs; heavy use of information technology; declining or stagnant wages
Which of the following statements conforms to the rank-size rule?
the 2nd largest city will be ½ the size of the largest city
In which of the following regions are the only remaining large expanses of old-growth forest found?
the Pacific Northwest
Which of the following models of urban land use fits the walking city best?
the concentric zone model
Von Thunen's model of agricultural location described how different types of farming form concentric circles around the urban core of a region. Grain farming is the outermost circle and livestock is raised closer in. What factor, according to Von Thunen, is most important in determining the varying locations of farm types
transport costs
Which sector is most dependent on the extraction of crude oil?
transportation
Within the next decade, the common use of commercial reactors that employ nuclear fusion to generate electricity is considered
unlikely
What type of land use is most characteristic of areas where there are significant agglomeration economies
urban industry
What type of land use is most characteristic of areas where there are significant agglomeration economies?
urban industry
The major disadvantage to the environment of recycling household waste is the
use of energy, water, and other resources to transport and process recyclables
Cities that have compacted centers are more likely to have grown
with zoning laws in place
