GEOG traffic congestion strategies

Bus lanes scheme

Lanes that are specially set aside for private and public buses on specific days and times

Manage Road Usage

Road pricing Increased parking fees Enhanced traffic monitoring

Integrated public transport system

Transport hubs that provide connections between modes of transport Transport hubs that provide rail and retail services Integrating mode of payment

Bus lane scheme BENEFITS

Benefits Gives priority to buses 🡪 Buses are able to enter and exit bus stops smoothly and quickly 🡪 Less traffic build-up at bus stops 🡪 Improves effeciency of travel Improve bus speeds, reduces traveling time 🡪 Faster and uninterrupted journeys for commuters 🡪 Less waiting time for commuters 🡪 Improves efficiency of travel 🡪 Makes public transport a choice mode

Road pricing benefits

Benefits Higher costs of driving during peak hours 🡪 deter motorists 🡪 Fewer cars during peak hours 🡪 Decrease in traffic volume, increase in traveling speed during peak hours 🡪 Prevent build-up of traffic on roads, more effecient road usage Multi-lane gantry operation 🡪 Cars do not need to stop 🡪 Ensure smoother vehicular movement 🡪 Prevent build-up of traffic on roads, more effecient road usage

Increased parking fees benefits

Benefits Higher costs of driving into city 🡪 Reduces number of cars driving into city 🡪 Reduces traffic on roads in/out of Central Business District

Expansion of rail networks benefits

Benefits Increased access to rail networks 🡪 People can travel to more destinations by public transport (those which were previously accessibly only by car/bus)

Integrated public transport system benefits

Benefits Integrated mode of payment 🡪 Speeds up movement of people taking public transport 🡪 Makes commuting smooth and convenient Integrated transport hubs 🡪 Link platforms from road to rail 🡪 Improve accessibility 🡪 Speed up bus-train transfers 🡪 Smoother transport journey

Expansion of rail networks challenges

Challenges Cost to build more rail networks 🡪 Increased expenditure of national revenue 🡪 Trade-off for other sectors in the country Rail lines may cut through housing estates/buildings 🡪 Inconvenience residents and businesses (property, noise)

Increased capacity and frequency of buses and rail challenges

Challenges Costs of supplying more buses/rails 🡪 Larger expenditure on transport 🡪 Smaller proportion of national budget for housing, education, healthcare grants

Increased parking fees challenges

Challenges Does not deter motorists who prioritise accessibility over cost 🡪 Does not reduce the number of road users Illegal parking on side roads 🡪 Cars may block effective road passage and create congestion

Integrated public transport system challenges

Challenges Extensive planning and costs 🡪 May not be feasible in some countries (ie. developing countries)

Road pricing challenges

Challenges Motorists use roads before/after restriction period 🡪 Increase of traffic volume 🡪 No marked change in road usage Motorists avoid peak hour surcharge by using alternate routes 🡪 Build-up of traffic in other places 🡪 No change in road usage (road users)

Bus lanes scheme challenges

Challenges Non-compliant drivers 🡪 May use bus lanes 🡪 Result in build-up of bus traffic 🡪 Slows down public transport system Allocating a lane for buses 🡪 Reduces road capacity for other drivers 🡪 Designated bus lanes may lead to traffic congestion for private car users

Road pricing

Charges drivers when they use roads Especially in areas that are more prone to congestion, such as the Central Business District Implemented throughElectronic Road Pricing(ERP) gantry system Operates during specifictimes of the day (e.g. rushhours)

Increased capacity and frequency of buses and rail examples

For example, in 2016 in Singapore, 28 trains will be added to the North- South Line and East West Line and 16 trains will be added to Sengkang and Punggol LRTs. Train signalling system will also be upgraded to allow trains to arrive safely every 100 seconds and carry 20% more passengers.

Bus lane scheme examples

Full-day or normal bus lanes Normal : Driving within normal bus lanes is not allowed for private transport during WEEKDAY PEAK HOURS Full-day : Driving within full-day lanes is not allowed for private transport during 7.30AM-8PM MONDAYS TO SATURDAYS .

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Expansion of rail networks

How does it work? Increasing the number of locations that trains can reach Build more train tracks to ensure rail network covers a larger area Build more train stations to ensure more locations have access to trains

Road pricing examples

In Singapore , road pricing is implemented via the Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system. Seventy-two ERP gantries have been set up across Singapore as of 2012. They are located in areas that are more congested like the CBD . TO reduce congestion in CBD, ERP rates for driving into CBD is the highest. There was a 15% reduction in traffic volume on the road during peak hours.

Expansion of rail networks example

In Singapore, the government has been expanding the rail networks in accordance with the Land Transport Master Plan 2013, which involves building more MRT lines, such as Cross-Island & Jurong Region Line. It also involves adding new stations to existing ones such as extensions to the Circle Line , Downtown Line and North East Line.

Integrated public transport system examples

In Singapore, there are nine transport hubs with bus interchanges that are fully integrated with rail services and retail activities as of 2018. For example ,Boon Lay MRT and Bus interchange is the largest in Singapore and boast 31 bus services and is connected by a shopping centre. (yay since u in RV easy to rmb :] )These hubs also have linking platforms from road to rail as well as escalators which improve accessibility and speed up bus-train transfers .

Increased parking fees

Increase in parking fees in the CBD, or reduce number of parking lots

Increased capacity and frequency of buses and rail benefits

Increased capacity and frequency 🡪 Reduce waiting time 🡪 More people can be transported from place to place within a shorter time 🡪 Improve quality of transport infrastructure 🡪 Make public transport a choice mode

Make public transport a choice mode

Integrated public transport system Bus lane Schemes Expansion of rail networks Increased capacity and frequency of buses and rail

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Increased capacity and frequency of buses and rail

Upgrade trains and buses to carry more people Implement systems so buses and trains arrivemore frequently, and at scheduled times