Geography Chapter 1
What percentage of the world's population does NOT have access to clean water?
1/6
most of the earths population lives between ___ latitude and ___latitude?
20 N and 60 N
How much water does the average human require daily to meet basic domestic needs?
5-13 gallons
The 20% of the world's wealthiest people consume about _____% of the world's resources.
80 percent
Which world region ranks overall lowest in GDP per capita?
Africa?
The Southern Common Market is also known as ___________________.
Mercosur
What is true concerning multinational corporations?
They possess the ability to influence the political affairs in countries where they operate.
Whose mission is to lower trade barriers and establish ground rules for international trade?
World Trade Organization
The 2007 spike in world corn prices was brought about by the choice to use corn as what?
a raw material to make ethanol
demographers use population pyramids to analyze what two structures of a given population?
age, gender
what is one possible explanation for imbalance in gender worldwide?
boys are preferred over girls
In nearly all societies families prefer boys over girls. This is true for what reasons?
boys will have greater earning capacity as adults, boys will carry on the family name, boys will have more social power as adults
The number of people a given place can support sustainably is its:
carrying capacity
What term refers to the making of maps?
cartography
What is the key goal of multinational corporations?
cheap labor and high profit
Which of the following is NOT a direct or indirect component of the calculation of virtual water? a) Evaporation in growing fields b) Agricultural and industrial technology c) Water pollution that occurs in the production process d) Water used in cooking and other domestic activities
d
The globe is divided into the norther and southern hemispheres at the?
equator
death rates remained high for most of human history for all of the following reasons:
food availability, disease, natural disasters and hazards
"Ethnic cleansing" is sometimes a euphemism for what phenomena?
genocide
The prime meridian runs from the north pole to the south pole through
greenwich, england
What measure indicates the total value of all goods and services recognized as being produced in a country during a given year?
gross national income
What are the variables of the United Nations' calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
income adjusted to PPP, data on life expectancy at birth, data on educational attainment
The calendar day officially begins when midnight falls at the?
insert answer here
Developed nations are characterized by what type of economy?
knowledge based services, technology
What is the term for wages that support a minimum healthy life?
living wages
A common disease caused by polluted water is:
maleria
Cartographers solve the problem of showing the spherical earth on a flat piece of paper by using
map projections
lines of longitude are also known as
meridians
What is not a unit of measurement on a map?
mile
The key players in the global economy today are what type of corporations?
multinational corporations
Water is now the third most valuable commodity in the world, after what other two commodities?
oil and electricity
through which ocean does the longitude line at 180 degrees run?
pacific
The study of the growth and decline of the numbers of people on earth, their distribution across the earths surface, age and sex distributions, and migrations is the study of?
population
a graph that depicts a countries age and sex structure is called a?
population pyramid
the leading cause of deaths among girls ages 15-19 is?
pregnancy
the amount that a local currency equilvant of U.S $1.00 will purchase in a given country is a measure of?
purchasing power parity (PPP)
what measure accounts for the relationship between births and deaths during a year in a given population?
rate of natural increase (RNI)
What term is used to describe an association of neighboring countries based on a free trade agreement, such as ASEAN in Southeast Asia?
regional trade blocs
The push/pull phenomenon of urbanization pushes people out of __________ and pulls them into _______________.
rural, urban
___ refers to the biological category male or female, while ___ refers to the differences between the sexes as defined by a particular social group.
sex, gender
To fit the spherical earth onto a flat map, a Mercator map does what?
stretches out the poles and looks equal to equator
Farming that meets human needs without harming the environment or depleting water and soil resources is called ___________________.
sustainable agriculture
What two mechanisms have national governments used to protect their economies and industries from foreign competition?
tariffs, import quotas
suppose that a countries population pyramid is truly pyramid shaped, with a wide band at the bottom and a much narrower band at top. What is the best description of the population of this country?
there are more young people than old people
the term used to describe the average number of children a woman in a country is likely to have during her reproductive years is?
total fertility rate
Between 1945 and 2009, the earths population roughly...
tripled
supposed that a country has a high birth rate of 19 per 1000 and a death rate of 7 per 1000 the countries natural rate of increase is?
1.2%
The United Nations is composed of how many member countries?
193
What percentage of the earth's population now lives in cities?
50 percent
An early example of globalization: In the British Caribbean colonies, slaves from ___________ wore garments made of cloth woven in _____________ from cotton grown in __________________.
Africa, England, Britain
the body of knowledge on all technical methods for acquiring, analyzing, and mapping data on the characteristics of a location is known by which acronym?
GISc
in which type of map projection are the oceans split
Goodes interrupted homolosine projection
Several African countries are experiencing sharply lowered life expectancies due to what communicable disease?
HIV/AIDS
The opposite of democracy is ___________________________.
autocracy
Greenhouse gases include what three main gases?
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor
The term commonly used to describe the period from 1946 until the early 1990s when the United States and its western European allies faced of against the USSR and its allies is the ___________________________.
cold war
What institution initiated the expansion of long-‐distance trade?
colonial system
The development of food production has undergone a series of changes, starting with hunting and gathering; moving through labor-intensive, small-‐scale agriculture; and moving on to ________ and organic farming in the present day.
commercial agriculture, modern mechanized, chemically intensive, large scale
The opposite of capitalism is known as what?
communism
Which of the following accords with the theory of global warming? a) Deforestation reduces the release of carbon dioxide, causing more atmospheric combustion. b) The burning of fossil fuels decreases levels of carbon dioxide, preventing natural ionic cooling. d) The sun is burning hotter and has increased rates of evaporation, and thus has a reduced rate of global daily cooling. d) Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are increasing and trapping the sun's heat.
d
‐ Food security can be diminished by all of the following EXCEPT: a) natural disasters. b) biotechnology and food engineering. c) economic disruptions. d) overproduction in rich countries.
d
The transition toward political systems guided by competitive elections is called:
democratization
The process by which a society moves from extraction (mining and agriculture) through industrial production and services (including knowledge production) is known as:
development
what refers to the situation in which women work inside and outside the home?
double day
in which sector of the economy is agriculture?
extraction
What are the sectors of the economy?
extraction, industrial production, services
Mining, Forestry, and agriculture are examples of what resource?
extractive
The term __________ refers to the unrestricted international exchange of goods, services, and capital.
free trade
More males are killed than females, females live 5 years longer than males, females do not receive proper nutrition or health care are all explanations for what?
gender imbalance in a population pyramid
The splicing together of genes from widely divergent crops to achieve particular characteristics like drought resistance of high fruit yields is called _________________________________.
genetic modification
The jockeying among countries for territory, resources, or influence is described as what subsection of geography?
geopolitics
The strategies that countries use to ensure that their own interests are served in relations with other countries are collectively known as ________________________.
geopolitics
What term is used to describe the strategies used by a given country that are intended to serve its interests in international relations?
geopolitics
Two synonyms for shantytown are _____________ and ___________________.
ghettos, barrios
The group of 13 NGO's that is the world leader in emergency famine relief is:
gift of the givers
The observed higher temperatures of the earth's surface and climates in recent decades usually goes by the name of:
global warming
the notion that menopause in midlife gives women time, energy, and freedom to help succeeding generations thrive is known as the:
grandmother hypothesis
a country is moving from a subsistence economy to a cash economy. This movement is most likely accompanied by all of the following...
greater need for skilled workers, better health care, lower birth rates
The _________________________ refers to the rise of modern agriculture based on large tracts of land, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically engineered seeds.
green revolution
Measures of ________________ offer a broader definition of development that goes beyond mere economic numbers to consider the components of a healthy and socially rewarding standard of living in a safe environment.
human well being
In which of the countries listed below is the amount of virtual water required to produce one ton of corn highest?
india
GDP per capita statistics may underestimate the role of women in the economy because woman often work in what sort of economy?
informal
Production of goods and services that is not officially recognized and is, therefore, not subject to taxation is said to occur in the _______ economy.
informal
in some of the countries in central europe, the population is aging and declining due to:
low birth rates and death rates
Developing nations are characterized by what type of economy?
low wage, labor intensive, agricultural
Soil erosion is caused by what factors?
mechanical plowing, tilling, harvesting, rain
development may decrease human well being by what?
messing up the environment
what is reflected in a population pyramid that narrows towards the top when looking at age?
most people die before reaching old age
What does geography as a discipline link?
physical sciences with the social sciences
The geographers who study the interactions among development, politics, human well-‐being, and the environment are known as ____________________.
political ecologists
What term refers to the unit of earths surface that contains distinct patterns of physical features or human activities?
regions
What term refers to the relationship between the distances shown on the map and the actual distances on earths surface?
scale
The most common way for shantytown dwellers across to globe to get water is through:
shallow, open wells
The term used to describe a nation's right to conduct its internal affairs as it sees fit, without interference from outside, is:
sovereignty
What term refers to the study of how people, objects,or ideas are or are not related to one another across space
spatial analysis
What is the term for farming that meets human needs without degrading or depleting the environment?
sustainable agriculture
The efforts to improve present living standards in ways that will not jeopardize future generations fall under the general heading of:
sustainable development
Taxes imposed on imported goods are called _______________.
tariffs
in defining a region, geographers take into account what factors?
vegetation, architecture, culture, history, climate, landscape
The total amount of water that a person uses in a year, directly or indirectly, is called the _____________________________________.
water footprint
