Geography Final
By 2008 as predicted by the United Nations, what percentage of the earth's population now lives in cities? a. 50% b. 10% c. 25% d. 65%
1. 50%
Define demographic transition.
A country is moving from high birth and death rates to much lower birth and death rates.
Define liberation theology.
Catholic activists teaching redistribution of wealth.
Define formal region.
Characterized by a clear defined boundary.
Define functional region.
Characterized by a focus on some activity.
Why did the Export Processing Zones (EPZ) era not produce the sustained economic growth that was expected to relieve the debt crisis and achieve broader prosperity?
Competition from China with cheaper labor.
What explains the slow westward expansion of the Russian Empire?
Europe was already established in the west.
The Bolsheviks in early-twentieth-century Russia were inspired by the writings of what German philosopher and revolutionary?
Karl Marx
Define comarca.
Loosely defined territory, where Indians have political and resource control.
What leader of the Soviet Union initiated political and economic reforms that eventually led to the dissolution of that country?
Mikhail Gorbachev.
Define remittances.
Money immigrants send back to family in their home country; benefits home country, bad for the economy the money was made in.
Define marianismo.
Name given to the set of values that governs the activities and movements of females in Middle and South America.
Define isthmus.
Narrow strip of land that has water on both sides and joins two larger bodies of land.
Define orographic precipitation.
Precipitation due to the presence of a mountain. The shape of the mountain forces the air up.
What was the primary reason the EU formed?
Prevent war and working together to control jointly the things need for war: -steel for weapons and -energy for factories and transport.
Define Geopolitics.
Strategies used by countries to gain territory, resources, or influence.
Define ecological footprint.
The amount of biologically productive land and sea area needed to sustain a human population at its current standard of living.
Define replacement level.
The amount of fertility needed to keep the population the same from generation to generation.
Define sustainable development.
The effort to improve present standards of living without jeopardizing those of future generations.
A ship's position is given as 0 degrees latitude and 27 degrees west longitude or east longitude. Where from this information do you believe for sure the ship is located?
The equator.
Define dependency theory.
The expansion of European capitalism created Latin America's condition of underdevelopment.
Define urban sprawl.
The growth of low-density urbanization outward from central cities.
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The peaceful division of Middle and South America between Portugal and Spain.
What was the Trail of Tears?
The route Native Americans were forced to walk to Oklahoma after being rounded up by the U.S. Army.
Define gross domestic product (GDP).
The total value of all goods and services recognized as produced in a country during a given year.
What explains the _minimum impact_ of the environmental degradation in South America?
There are fewer people and industries there, and governments make money from ecotourism.
Define mercantilism and who the system as benefited the most.
When a country has power over a territory and benefits from its resources. Europe benefited the most by shipping resources from the American colonies to Europe, at the colonies' expense.
Define Megalopolis.
When two cities continue growing outwards to merge together.
The 5% of the world's population that lives in North America produces what share of the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere? a. 26 percent b. 2 percent c. 53 percent d. 75 percent
a. 26 percent
Approximately what percent of the North American population is employed in agriculture? a. About 2% b. About 10% c. About 40% d. About 55%
a. About 2%
Which of the following is an accurate description of hte area of North America known as the New England Colonies? a. By the 1700s, diverse industries were supplying markest in North America and also exporting to British plantations in the Caribbean. b. In recent decades, due to strong protective tariffs against foreign imports, the area has continued to prosper as a leading manufacturing region. c. This area struggled behind the other regions of North America economically and politically during the late nineteenth century and well into the twentieth century. d. This area produced much of the food for other regions of North America and received manufactured goods from the southern colonies in return.
a. By the 1700s, diverse industries were supplying markest in North America and also exporting to British plantations in the Caribbean.
The __________ is an EU program that places tariffs on imported agricultural goods and give subsidies to farmers. a. Common Agricultural Program b. Free Trade Program c. NAFTA-Competition Program d. Pan-European Agricultural Program
a. Common Agricultural Program
Country X has a death rate of 15 and a birth rate of 50, while Country Y has a birth rate of 20 and a death rate of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate? a. Country X b. Country Y c. The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information. d. The rate depends on immigration, so it can't be computed from this information.
a. Country X
Which of the following statements describes a feudal social system (Feudalism)? a. Developed as a result of frequent invasions in western Europe. b. Serfs, protected by knights, owned all land and controlled the profits generated in the cultivations of that land. c. Serfs controlled the government and were supported by the labors of aristocrats who owned and worked the land. d. Nobles employed serfs to protect their lands against armies of knights who made a living pillaging lands cultivated by the nobles.
a. Developed as a result of frequent invasions in western Europe.
The creation of the EU formalizes which of the following processes? a. Economic integration of Europe. b. Rising self-sufficiency of European countries. c. Spread of European influence into northern Africa. d. The replacement of NATO by a similar European-led alliance.
a. Economic integration of Europe.
Three groups of islands in the Caribbean: a. Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Bahamas b. Bahamas, Antigua and Barbuda, Jamaica c. Greater Antilles, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas d. Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Antigua and Barbuda
a. Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Bahamas
Following the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, __________ took all lands to the east of the demarcation point, and __________ took all the lands to the west. a. Portugal, Spain b. Brazil, Spain c. Spain, Portugal d. Spain, Brazil
a. Portugal, Spain
Most of the ocuntries in Latin America rely heavily on: a. Primary Economic Activity b. Secondary Economic Activity c. Tertiary Economic Activity d. none of the above
a. Primary Economic Acitivity
Which of the following statements best summarizes the story of how humans first came into North America? a. Small bands of hunters came from eastern Siberia by crossing the Bering land bridge. b. Viking explorers came across the North Atlantic Ocean in small sailing vessels. c. People from the ancient Mayan and Incan civilizaitons traveled on horse from what is now Mexico. d. Many of Columbus's first crew remained and established permanent settlements.
a. Small bands of hunters came from eastern Siberia by crossing the Bering land bridge.
Which of the following premises best suports the theory of plate tectonics? a. The earth's surface is made up of large plates that float on molten rock. b. Large plates formed when meteors struck the earth 65 million years ago. c. Present-day plates resulted from the erosion of the supercontinent Pangaea. d. The land surface of the earth is rooted on large oceanic plates.
a. The earth's surface is made up of large plates that float on molten rock.
What statement best reflects the European standard of acceptance for immigrants: a. The need for assimilation being replaced by the need for acculturation. b. The need for acculturation being replaced by the need for assimilation. c. As it has always been, immigrants must assimilate. d. Immigrants are not accepted.
a. The need for assimilation being replaced by the need for acculturation.
The relationship between Canada and the United States is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a. conflicting b. similarities c. interdependencies d. asymmetries
a. conflicting
In which sector of the following economy is agriculture? a. extractions b. industrial production c. exchange d. service
a. extraction
Which of the following is responsible for the negative rate of natural increase in Europe? a. low birth rates b. lack of immigration to the region c. high infant mortality d. increasing emigration from the region
a. low birth rates
The push/pull phenomenon of urbanization pushes people out of __________ and pulls them into __________. a. rural areas, cities b. farms, manufacturing c. singlehood, parenthood d. one country, a different country
a. rural areas, cities
Which of the following is largely responsible for the warm and wet climate of northwestern Europe? a. the North Atlantic drift b. the intertropical convergence zone c. the Scandinavian chinook d. the North African stream
a. the North Atlantic drift
In Antigua and Barbuda, tourism has a direct contribution of 13% to GDP and affects growth in many other sectors. a. true b. false
a. true
Population growth depends on rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration. a. true b. false
a. true
The EU28 depend on nuclear power for 30% of their total needs. a. true b. false
a. true
In 1492, roughly __________ Native Americans lived in North America. By 1907, about __________ remaind. a. 10 million, 4 million b. 18 million, 400,000 c. 18 million, 10 million d. 25 million, 1 million
b. 18 million, 400,000
What led to the ecological disaster of the 1930s in the Great Plains region? a. A flood that eroded away all the topsoil in the region. b. A drought combined with dust storms that blew away the topsoil. c. A lack of available farm labor caused by the growth of employment on the east coast during that decade. d. Mormon belief systems, which advocate the clear-cutting of all land.
b. A drought combined with dust storms that blew away the topsoil.
The Benelux, also called Low Countries, is comprised of: a. France, Belgium, Switzerland b. Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherland c. Luxemburg, Switzerland, Netherland d. Belgium, Luxemburg, Switzerland
b. Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherland
What factors explain the rapid conquest of Middle and South America by Spain and Portugal? a. Spain and Portugal possessed superior diplomatic skills and armies. b. Native Americans were vulnerable to diseases introduced from Europe. c. Native Americans were undernourished and lacked the ability to unify against the European invaders. d. The Spanish and Portugese encountered no resistance from Native Americans who sought trading partnerships with the Europeans.
b. Native Americans were vulnerable to diseases introduced from Europe.
Scandinavian Peninsula in Europe is composed of a. Denmark and Finland b. Norway and Sweden c. Norway and Iceland d. Finland and Sweden
b. Norway and Sweden
Which of the following IS NOT true about the spread of Islam in Europe? a. United Kingdoms by Pakistan & Bangladesh b. Switzerland by Iran c. France by North Africa d. Germany by Turkey
b. Switzerland by Iran
Which of the following relationships is accounted for the rate of natural increase? a. immigrants and emigrants to and from a given population b. birth rates and death rates in a given population c. death of infants per 1000 born d. newborn infants and migrants added to a population in a given year
b. birth rates and death rates in a given population
What is the primary cause of contemporary population growth in the countries of Middle and South America? a. migration from Asia b. decreasing mortality c. rising incomes d. lack of disease
b. decreasing mortality
Despite much economic, political, and cultural diversity amonth the countries of Middle and South America, which one of the following characteristics do they have in common? a. type of physical environment b. experience as colonies of Europe c. type of natural resource exploited for economic growth d. ethnic composition of the population
b. experience as colonies of Europe
Aerial Photographic is computerized system designed for the storage, retrieval and /analysis/ of geographically referenced data. a. true b. false
b. false
After defeating Germany in 1945, it was divided and the USA, France and Britain together created the German Democratic Republic (GDR) while the Soviet occupied the German Federal Republic (FRG). a. true b. false
b. false
Roman languages, Germanic languages and Slavic languages, all account for 50% of Indo-European Speech Group. a. true b. false
b. false
The hegemony of the British is defined as a regulation of economic activities in the colonies, then, centered on the accumulation of wealth for the European powers, at the colonies' expense. a. true b. false
b. false
With 36.29 million people living in Canada, 27% of them live within 100 miles of the U.S. border. a. true b. false
b. false
What term describes rainfall that is caused by the interaction of large air masses of different temperatures and densities? a. orographic precipitation b. frontal precipitation c. shadow precipitation d. convergence precipitation
b. frontal precipitation
Development may decrease human well-being by: a. increasing personal income b. having negative effects on the environment c. causing increased migrations d. leading to higher rates of infant mortality
b. having negative effects on the environment
The following describes the Pillars of the European Union EXCEPT: a. economic and monetary union b. high quality of living standard c. common foreign and security policy d. justice and domestic affairs
b. high quality of living standard
The U.S. __________ has made possible the dispersal of industry and related services into suburban and rural locales across the country. a. railroad system b. interstate highway system c. air traffic control system d. navigable inland waterway
b. interstate highway system
Canada's cold climate is related to a. wind that blows from west to east in the middle latitudes b. its location in the far northern latitudes c. its location in the lowest latitudes d. movement of air masses from the gulf of Mexico
b. its location in the far northern latitudes
Systematic representation of the three-dimensional Earth surface on a two-dimensional flat surface is called a. map distribution b. map projection c. map rendition d. map scale
b. map projection
Which of the following describes the principal migration trend in Middle and South America? a. north-to-south movements b. rural-to-urban movements c. island-to-mainland movements d. coastal-to-interior movements
b. rural-to-urban movements
Tourism alone provides 50% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs 40% of the population in a. Antigua and Barbuds b. the Bahamas c. Jamaica d. Aruba
b. the Bahamas
What region of the United States is considered to be the most populated? a. the Southeast and Great Plains b. the Northeast and Great Lakes c. the Northwest and Great Lakes d. the Southwest and Great Plains
b. the Northeast and Great Lakes
What accord is allowing a free movement of people across intra-European Union border? a. the European Accord b. the Schengen Accord c. the Brussels Accord d. the Visa Accord
b. the Schengen Accord
What term refers to the highest temperature-altitude zone above 12,000 feet in South America? a. tierra caliente b. tierra helada c. tierra templada d. tierra fria
b. tierra helada
What is the rate of natural increase (RNI)?
birth rate - death rate
Which statement best describes the human landscape of Middle and South America just before its encounter with Europeans? a. Human settlements were found only on the eastern coast of what is now Brazil. b. The region was nearly devoid of humans except for small groups of nomadic peoples. c. Many people were living in socially organized, technologically advanced cities. d. The Incan Empire, concentrated in the highlands of Middle America, was the only human settlement at the time.
c. Many people were living in socially organized, technologically advanced cities.
What is the name of the regional free trade alliance between the countries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay? a. Lanino Group pact b. NAFTA c. Mercusor d. Dependency Theory
c. Mercusor
Which of the following do not describe Europe climate types? a. termperate midlatitude climate b. continental climate c. arid and semiarid climate d. mediterranean climate
c. arid and semiarid climate
What term refers to the practice of immigrants from a common region settling near each other in their new country: a. regional migration b. string migration c. chain migration d. zone migration
c. chain migration
Structural adjustment policies in Middle/South America in the 1980s were based on all of the following concepts, EXCEPT: a. marketization b. privatization c. democratization d. globalization
c. emocratization
Union European Council comprises all a. ministers of EU Member States meet to discuss EU matters, take decisions and pass laws b. members that are chosen in an election every 10 years c. learders of the EU countries (Presidents, Prime Ministers or Chancellors) get together to set Europe's general strategy d. 28 Commissioners, one from each member state
c. learders of the EU countries (Presidents, Prime Ministers or Chancellors) get together to set Europe's general strategy
The chief source of river pollution in North America is a. nuclear waste b. mudslides c. storm-water runoff d. limestone and quartz
c. storm-water runoff
The term used after World War II to describe the long, fortified border zone between Western Europe and Eastern Europe is: a. mercantilism b. Cold War c. the Iron Curtain d. Checkpoint Charlie
c. the Iron Curtain
Which of the following best explains the high standard of living maintained by Europe's densely populated states? a. Large-scale development of untapped petroleum deposits. b. Exceedingly low taxes imposed on wage=earners and consumers. c. Inexpensive and plentiful land for agriculture and other commercial use. d. Europe has exceeded its own resource base and depends on global resources.
d. Europe has exceeded its own resource base and depends on global resources.
The rivalry in North America betweeen France and England led to: a. Indian and England war b. French and England war c. the North and South war d. French and Indian war
d. French and Indian war
The Caribbean Islands: a. Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands belong to Germany. b. Cuba and Antigua and Barbuda belong to the French c. Antigua and Barbuda and Dominican Republic belong to Spain d. Jamaica and the Bahamas belong to the British Commonwealth
d. Jamaica and the Bahamas belong to the British Commonwealth
Suppose that Country A has a TFR (Total Fertility Rate) of 4.5 and Country B has a TFR of 1.3. Which statement best summarizes the population trend in these countries? a. There is a higher birth rate in Country B than in Country A. b. More people are migrating from Country A than from Country B. c. The rate of natural increase in Country A is higher than in Country B. d. More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.
d. More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.
The period of human history characterized by the expansion of agriculture and the making of polished stone tools in the: a. Paleolithic Revolution b. Domestic Revolution c. Industrial Revolution d. Neolithic Revolution
d. Neolithic Revolution
Which statement most accurately describes the impact on the Native American population of the diseases that were introduced by Europeans to Middle and South America? a. Ten percent died within 150 years of first contact with Europeans. b. Ninety percent died within 400 years of first contact with Europeans. c. Ten percent died within 400 years of first contact with Europeans. d. Ninety percent died within 150 years of first contact with Europeans.
d. Ninety percent died within 150 years of first contact with Europeans.
What was the name of the Spaniard who conquered the Incan Empire? a. Cortez b. de Soto c. Balboa d. Pizarro
d. Pizarro
The passage of the North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA) has had which of the following effects? a. Considerable decline in trade between the United States and Canada. b. Rising corruption in Canada due to United States and Mexican firms who have relocated there. c. Sharp decline in the flow of Mexican migrants into North America. d. Reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the United States, and Canada.
d. Reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the United States, and Canada.
What feature on the physical landscape CANNOT be explained by the theory of plate tectonics? a. The Pacific Ring of FIre b. Mount Pinatubo (volcano) c. Pangaea d. The Mississippi River delta
d. The Mississippi River delta
Developing nations are usually characterized by __________ economies, while developed nations are usually characterized by the presence of __________ industries. a. industrial, service b. service, agricultural c. industrial, knowledge-based d. agricultural, service
d. agricultural, service
Suppose you are on the beach at night, and you experience a breeze blowing from the land out to the ocean. This breeze is caused by: a. carbon dioxide being pushed out of human dwellings at night b. air flowing from the warmer land onto the cooling water c. evaporated water seeking a place to condense back into liquid water d. air flowing from the cooling land onto the relatively warmer water
d. air flowing from the cooling land onto the relatively warmer water
Where do most manufacturing called Maquiladoras locate in Mexico? a. in the Mexico City area b. on the Yucatan Peninsula c. in coastal zones d. along the U.S. border
d. along the U.S. border
The Mid-Atlantic region of North America offered all of the following benefits, EXCEPT: a. more fertile soil than New England b. more deepwater harbors than New England c. a slightly warmer climate than New England d. fewer people than New England
d. fewer people than New England
Continental Divide a. gently sloping, considered to be over 400 million years old. b. flat coastal plain runs along the Atlantic Ocean & Gulf of Mexico c. mountains range 3,000 miles from Alaska south to New Mexico d. marks the separation between rivers flowing eastward & westward
d. marks the separation between rivers flowing eastward & westward
Close to 80% of North Americans now live in __________, cities of 50,000 or more plus their surrounding suburbs and towns. a. census zones b. megacities areas c. megalopolises areas d. metropolitan areas
d. metropolitan areas
Which of the following is NOT part of the Greater Antilles? a. Puerto Rico b. Cuba c. Jamaica d. the Bahamas
d. the Bahamas
New York City obtains most of its water from: a. the Hudson River b. the Atlantic Ocean c. New Jersey d. the Catskill Mountains
d. the Catskill Mountains