Geography

Metropolitan Statistical Areas A) have populations of at least 50,000. B) encompass 54% of the US population. C) only include land that is urban. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

Most residents of Megalopolis now live where? A) In the suburbs B) In central cities C) In the small towns D) In the country E) In exurbs

A

Of the ten largest urban areas in the world, how many are in More Developed Countries today? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 10

A

The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its A) high accessibility. B) high land costs. C) more intensive land use. D) construction of skyscrapers. E) access to manufacturing facilities

A

The ________ predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. A) gravity model B) central place theory C) rank-size rule D) threshold rule E) range predictor

A

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately ten thousand years ago because of the A) agricultural revolution. B) demographic transition. C) Industrial Revolution. D) medical revolution. E) increase in the crude birth rate.

A

The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the A) central business district. B) central city. C) urbanized area. D) metropolitan statistical area. E) hub.

A

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

A

The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5

A

The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is A) annexation. B) accreditation. C) an application of eminent domain. D) defined by urbanized area. E) zoning.

A

The shape of a country's population pyramid is determined primarily by its A) crude birth rate. B) crude death rate. C) dependency rate. D) sex ratio. E) demographic ratio.

A

Under which urban definition does Tokyo have the largest population? A. metropolitan area B. urbanized area C. administrative area D. city proper E. urbanized area adjusted to administrative boundaries

A

What population density value is used by the U.S. Census Bureau to differentiate a rural area from an urban area? A. 1,000 per square mile B. 2,000 per square mile C. 2,500 per square mile D. 3,000 per square mile E. 5,000 per square mile

A

When residents leave older inner-city housing for newer suburban housing, what situation begins? A. vacancy chains B. higher taxes C. increased crime D. neighborhood revitalization E. increased poverty

A

Which graphic representation coincides with the Los Angeles school? A. gaming board B. sectors C. wedges D. rings E. none of these

A

Which group consumes one-fifth of the world's energy, while only making up one-twentieth of Earth's population? A) Americans B) Chinese C) Indians D) Europeans E) Russians

A

Which of the following cities is overbounded? A.Beijing B. Chicago C. Philadelphia D. Boston E. Washington, DC

A

Which school of urban studies draws on the concept of keno capitalism? A. Los Angeles school B. Tokyo school C. Chicago school D. Mexico City school E. New York City school

A

Which term describes an area beyond the urban-rural fringe? A. exurbia B. downtown C. edge city D. core E. suburbia

A

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is A) government. B) industrial. C) office. D) retail. E) B and C

B

According to the text, Tokyo's sprawl and lack of master planning is sometimes compared with that of which American city? A. Miami B. Los Angeles C. New York City D. Seattle E. Washington, DC

B

Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of A) blockbusting. B) commuting. C) threshold. D) skyscrapers. E) restrictive zoning.

B

How old is the discipline of urban geography? A. 30 years B. 60 years C. 100 years D. 200 years E. 300 years

B

If a city were seeking access to a nearby surface water supply, what process would it use to obtain land near this water supply? A. incorporation B. annexation C. conurbation D. secession D. detachment

B

Poor, recently -arrived immigrants tended to settle in which zone of the concentric zone model? A. zone of workingmen's homes B. zone of transition C. residential zone D. CBD E. commuter zone

B

Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5

B

Sprawl is the A) change in density within an urban area from the center to the periphery. B) development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area. C) land maintained as open space surrounding an urban area. D) period in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic. E) increasing population density in rings two and three of the concentric zone model.

B

Suppose a plume of pollutants were emitted from a smokestack in a city. Residents within 1.5 miles would be affected. Which GIS operation would you use to identify these residents? A. union B. buffer C. coordinate geometry D. SQL query E. change detection

B

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines a metropolitan area according to the presence of a nucleus and what else? A. commerce B. zone of influence C. urbanized area D. transportation E. population

B

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the A) central city. B) urbanized area. C) metropolitan statistical area. D) consolidated metropolitan statistical area. E) regional government federation.

B

The city-state is an example of A) an early form of urban settlement. B) a state dominated by its major city. C) a functional region. D) a local government of the Roman Empire. E) diffuse political functions.

B

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is A) a circle. B) a hexagon. C) a square. D) a pentagon. E) an octagon.

B

The highest natural increase rates in population are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5

B

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

B

The process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment, is A) blockbusting. B) filtering. C) gentrification. D) redlining. E) urban blight

B

To deal with the financial problems in some areas of the cities, American city governments A) reduce taxes. B) reduce services. C) receive more grants from the federal government. D) establish semi-independent boroughs. E) all of the above

B

Until around 300 B.C., the world's largest settlements were in ________. A) Egypt and China B) Mesopotamia and Egypt C) Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley D) The Indus Valley and the Yangste Valley E) The Yangste Valley and Egypt

B

What feature of the Latin American city model explains the outliers on the graph of Mexico City's density gradient? A. edge cities B. squatter settlements C. zone of workingmen's homes D. exurbs E. commuter zone

B

Which latitude has been used to demarcate the Sunbelt? A. 47° north B. 37° north C. 27° north D. 17° north E. 37° south

B

Which of the following is among the top -five largest megacities, in terms of population? A. Karachi B. Tokyo C. Chicago D. London E. Beijing

B

Which of the following parts of the Los Angeles metropolitan area has historically had a large population of Latinos? A. Downey B. East Los Angeles C. Santa Monica D. Long Beach E. South Central

B

Which of the following was the only large metropolitan area in the Sunbelt to lose population between 2000 and 2008? A. Dallas B. New Orleans C. Austin D. Miami E. Los Angeles

B

Which term describes southwestern U.S. cities that are able to prevent suburbs from forming on their borders? A. aggressive B. elastic C. underbounded D. compact E. imperial

B

Which zone was most influential in causing ring expansion in the concentric zone model? A. commuter zone B. zone of transition C. zone of workingmen's homes D. residential zone E. CBD

B

A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through A) blockbusting. B) filtering. C) zoning. D) greenbelts. E) busing.

C

A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class is A) blockbusting. B) filtering. C) gentrification. D) redlining. E) zoning.

C

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of A) corridors. B) nodes. C) rings. D) sectors. E) all of the above

C

Approximately what percentage of the world's population lives in urban areas? A. 25 percent B. 33 percent C. 50 percent D. 75 percent E. 100 percent

C

Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are A) more numerous and closer together. B) more numerous and farther apart. C) less numerous and farther apart. D) less numerous and closer together. E) more numerous and evenly dispersed.

C

Contemporary Chicago is deviating from the concentric zone model because new immigrants are settling where? A. exurbia B. zone of transition C. edge cities D. CBD E. high-rent sector

C

How do Latin American cities differ from North American cities? A. Latin American cities lack a CBD. B. Low-income settlements form adjacent to the CBD in Latin American cities. C. Socioeconomic levels and housing quality decrease with distance from the CBD in Latin American cities. D. Latin American cities lack a commercial spine. E. Employment is centered on multiple nuclei instead of the CBD in Latin American cities.

C

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A) 50,000 B) 100,000 C) 200,000 D) 500,000 E) 5,000,000

C

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A) central place B) economic base C) primate city D) rank-size E) equidistant

C

One important feature of the world's population with the most significant future implications is that A) the natural increase rate is larger every year. B) there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the twentieth century. C) the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries. D) people are uniformly distributed across Earth. E) the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate.

C

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately two hundred years ago because of the A) agricultural revolution. B) demographic transition. C) Industrial Revolution. D) medical revolution. E) increase in the crude birth rate.

C

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

C

What is the smallest unit for which the U.S. Census Bureau provides its collection of sample data? A. block B. county C. block group D. census tract E. census designated place

C

What population range qualifies a county to be designated a micropolitan statistical area? A. less than 2,500 B. 2,500 to 9,999 C. 10,000 to 49,999 D. 50,000 to 99,999 E. greater than 100,000

C

What was the first effect of the Industrial Revolution on population? A) It increased the birth rate. B) Children went to work in factories. C) It decreased the death rate. D) It increased the death rate. E) Had no effect on population

C

Which of the following geographic definitions facilitates international comparisons of cities? A. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas B. metropolitan area C. consistently defined metropolitan area (CDMA) D. urbanized area E. administrative area

C

Which of the following is most relevant to the concept of threshold? A) A department store has more than 50 employees. B) A survey reveals that people are prepared to drive a 30 minutes to get to a department store. C) A department store typically needs roughly 25,000 people living within a 15-minute radius. D) A department store only carries female products. E) A drugstore has a loyalty card that is extremely generous.

C

Which term describes the densely -populated locations where impoverished residents of Mexico City live? A. Federal District B. downtown C. squatter settlements D. suburbs E. Azusa

C

According to Hoyt, which sector in his model was the engine of growth for the city? A. high-rent sector B. CBD C. low-rent sector D. streetcar E. medium-rent sector

A

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in A) a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city. B) an outer ring surrounding the city. C) nodes near universities and parks. D) renovated inner-city neighborhoods. E) gated communities.

A

Between 1940 and 2000, population growth in Chicago initially followed commuter rail lines. With which model would this growth correspond? A. sector B. multiple nuclei C. gaming board D. cluster E. concentric zone

A

Compared to most countries, the amount of sprawl in the United States is A) greater. B) less. C) about the same. D) better controlled. E) declining.

A

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of A) access to main highways. B) adequate space to build vertical structures. C) availability of large tracts of high-priced land. D) good rail connections. E) access to cheap labor.

A

Homer Hoyt proposed which model of urban development? A. sector B. concentric zone C. gaming board D. postmodernist E. multiple nuclei

A

How did the multiple nuclei model differ from earlier models? A. It introduced the concept of multiple centers. B. It was based on physics. C. It used rings. D. It introduced rent zones. E. It used sectors.

A

How does the New York school differ from the Chicago and Los Angeles schools? A. It is motivated by a strong urban center. B. It does not see the city center as desirable for the middle class or wealthy. C. It uses rings to represent urban development. D. It subscribes to chaos theory. E. It uses a gaming grid to represent urban development.

A

In Harris and Ullman's multiple nuclei model, which component is most dominant? A. CBD B. wholesale and light manufacturing district C. residential district D. heavy industrial district E. cultural centers and parks

A

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of A) competition for limited space. B) high threshold and range. C) less intensive land use. D) construction of skyscrapers. E) lack of residential space.

A

Mental maps are a concept that originates from which urban geography approach? A. behavioral B. political economy C. urban economic D. post-modernism E. spatial analysis

A

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is A) blockbusting. B) filtering. C) gentrification. D) redlining. E) zoning.

D

A recent change in the density gradient has been A) the elimination of the gap traditionally found in the center. B) an increase in the extremes between the inner and outer areas. C) an increase in the number of people living in the center. D) a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area. E) an increase in the differences in densities found within an urban area

D

Between 1960 and 1990, the population living within one mile of commuter railroad lines in the Chicago area decreased. Why? A. turnover in the zone of transition B. the presence of squatter zones at the periphery C. constraint by mountainous terrain D. increased employment in edge cities E. increased rail ticket fares

D

In a country with a primate city A) the largest city is more than twice as large than the second largest city. B) the country's n-th largest city is 1/n-th the population of the largest city. C) goods and services may not be evenly distributed throughout the country. D) A and C. E) B and C.

D

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area? A) central business district B) central city C) urbanized area D) metropolitan statistical area E) regional government federation

D

In the internal structure of cities approach to urban geography, which term is used to represent flows among urban features in cities? A. central place theory B. urban spatial structure C. urban form D. urban interaction E. nodes

D

The concentric zone model is associated with which author? A. Adams B. Harris C. Dear D. Burgess E. Hoyt

D

The density gradient A) usually shows a diminishing number of houses per unit of land as the distance from the city center increases. B) shows a gap in center cities due to the changing pattern of where people live in recent years C) now shows a reduction in the extremes of density between inner and outer areas found within cities. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the A) primate city. B) economic base. C) gravity model. D) rank-size rule. E) nesting of settlements

D

The terms invasion and succession explain urban change in what model? A. sector model B. Latin American model C. gaming board model D. concentric zone model E. multiple nuclei model

D

Urban geography differs from other urban studies disciplines because of its emphasis on what? A. temporal aspects B. spatial aspects C. political aspects D. processes E. modeling

D

What is a Mexican incorporated place called? A. Periferico B. squatter settlement C. area urbana D. municipio E. El centro

D

What minimum commuting threshold value does the U.S. Census Bureau use to classify a county as outlying to a central county? A. 10 percent B. 15 percent C. 20 percent D. 25 percent E. 50 percent

D

Which of these American cities would you expect to have the LEAST steep population density gradient, based on city age? A. Philadelphia B. Boston c. Chicago D. Los Angeles E. New York City

D

Which smaller unit of urbanization was introduced by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2000? A. micropolitan area B. census block C. micro-urbanized area D. urban cluster E. urban center

D

If Which of the following terms denotes two urban areas that have grown to the point of being physically connected? A. a combined statistical area B. municipios C. urban smudge D. twin cities E. a conurbation

E

Megalopolis refers to A) regional government federation. B) central cities. C) consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas. D) central cities plus urbanized areas. E) adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

E

Permanent settlements existed prior to beginning of recorded history around ________ years ago. A) 500 B) 1000 C) 2000 D) 4000 E) 5000

E

Second-generation immigrants typically moved from which zone to the zone of workingmen's homes? A. residential zone B. concentric zone C. CBD D. commuter zone E. zone of transition

E

The two components of central place theory are A) range and rank-size rule. B) rank-size rule and threshold. C) threshold and market share. D) market share and range. E) range and threshold.

E

The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in ________. A) 1990 B) 1995 C) 2000 D) 2004 E) 2008

E

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following? A) warehouses B) gentrified buildings C) public housing D) A and B E) All of the above are found in the zone in transition.

E

What happened after World War II that allowed suburbanization to dramatically increase? A) Henry Ford learned how to build cars faster and cheaper than ever before. B) Many returning soldiers were so eager to settle down and start a family that they built their own houses. C) The U.S. government massively invested in public transportation. D) Developers began to build houses faster and cheaper than ever before. E) C and D

E

What issue prompted the northward annexation of the San Fernando Valley by Los Angeles in 1905? A. parkland B. deep water port C. politics D. ethnic diversity E. water

E

Which mega-region is largest, based on the Light-based Regional Product (LRP)? A. Barcelona—Lyon B. Shanghai C. Rome—Milan—Turin D. Chicago—Pittsburgh E. Greater Tokyo

E

Which of the following is considered to be an original hearth of urban settlement? A) Mesopatamia B) Egypt C) China D) Indus Valley E) all of the above

E

Which of the following is the smallest metropolitan unit? A. micropolitan statistical area B. urban area C. combined statistical area D. metropolitan statistical area E. urban cluster

E