geology lab final study guide

If a vehicle is traveling 70 mi/hr for 3 hours, what distance has he traveled?

210 miles

A layer of rock or soil that can store and transmit water

Aquifer

A stream that develops multiple channels separated by sand and gravel bars

Braided

What depositional environment would produce a fine- grained sandstone, which has well- sorted and well-rounded grains?

Desert Lake

The high elevation boundary that separates the drainage basin of two streams

Divide

The area of land that is drained by one stream or an entire stream drainage basin

Drainage basin

The point on the earths surface directly above the point of rupture of an earthquake

Epicenter

According to Wentworth's Scale, silt-sized grains are smaller than clay- sized grains.

False

The point on a fault where rock breaks to cause an earthquake

Focus

A metamorphic rock that exhibits separation of minerals into bands of light and dark

Gneiss

Term used to describe if a material is angular, round, or well rounded

Grain shape

At seismic stations farther from the epicenter of an earthquake, the s- minus p time interval is:

Greater

A type of mineral used to indicate a specific level of metamorphism

Index

Seismic waves that travel along earths surface

L- wave

A curvy channel with a low gradient in relitvely flat ground

Meandering

The fastest moving seismic wave

P-wave

The ability of a rock or soil to transmit water

Permeability

The process of cracking, scratching, or other similar breaking of earth material

Physical Weathering

The area inside a stream bend where deposition occurs

Point Bar

Amount of open space in soil or rock

Porosity

The texture when a metamorphic rock has large crystals in a fine grained background

Porphyroblastic

Metamorphism commonly associated with plate tectonics

Regional

The Second set of seismic waves to arrive at a seismic recording station

S- wave

Area of ground where all pore spaces are full of water

Saturated Zone

A texture with scaly glittering layers of platy minerals (mica)

Schistosity

An instrument used to detect and measure earthquakes

Seismogram

A record of seismic wave motions at a particular seismic recording station

Seismograph

Which of the following sedimentary rocks are clastic sedimentary rocks?

Shale, Conglomerate, and sandstone

Feature formed when two rock bodies slide past each other horizontally, with no vertical motion

Strike- Slip Fault

The description of sedimentary rocks parts, their sizes, and arrangement

Texture

Angular Grains that are poorly sorted indicate:

a short transport distance from source rock

The decomposition of dissolution of earth material by water or other agents

chemical weathering

Grain Sizes from smallest to largest

clay, silt, sand, gravel

Biochemical, chemical, or detrital (clastic) describe this property of materials

composition

Metamorphism that occurs in contact with an igneous rock body

contact

The area on the outside of a meander bend where erosion occurs

cut bank

A stream that flows into a sinkhole in an area of dissolved rock

disappearing stream

The area of flat ground on either side of a stream

floodplain

a group of metamorphic rock with layers of cleavage caused by mineral alignment

foliated

the level or amount of metamorphism a rock has undergone

grade

Clay, silt, sand, and/or gravel are names that describe this property of materials

grain size

Sediments which are lithified to form sedimentary rocks, can be derived from:

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic rocks

The type of topography found in an area of rock dissolved by groundwater

karst

Metamorphosed Limestone

marble

the parent material, or the rock that was metamorphosed

protolith

The process of weathering of rocks

sediments

A collapse feature in which areas where limestone has undergone dissolution

sinkhole

Equation for velocity

v=d/t

Layer of the ground where pore spaces have air in them

zone of aeration