Geology: Topics 1

The ________ effect occurs when in infrared energy from the sun is radiated back from earth and trapped by earth's atmosphere, resulting in warming conditions.

Greenhouse

The Moon is the closest object to which planet?

Earth

Continental ice sheets or more common in 28,000 years ago than they are today because ________.

Earth was cooler then than now

True or false: Geologists exclusively study rocks.

False

________ are huge flowing fields or tons of compressed snow and ice.

Glaciers

________ are loose materials formed when large rocks in the landscape are broken down and worn away.

Sediments

The gravity of the ________ and the ________ causes the tides in the oceans of Earth.

Sun, Moon

earths orbit around the sun is almost circular, which explains why earth receives about the same amount of ________ year-round.

heat and light

Rock that has formed from cooling magma or lava is ________ rock.

igneous

The atmosphere is located beneath the ________.

lithosphere

The ________ is the rigid portion of earth composed of the ________ and upper most part of the mantle.

lithosphere, crust

The ________ is the rigid portion of Earth composed of the ________ and uppermost part of the mantle.

lithosphere; crust

if rock is exposed to enough heat after metamorphism, it will eventually ________ into magma.

melt

A(n) ________ rock type is formed when heat and pressure are applied to a preexisting metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary rock, without causing melting.

metamorphic

changing a rock by heat, pressure or deformation is called

metamorphism

The rock cycle was conceived by James Hutton in an attempt to explain how________.

older rocks become new sediments

Lava is molten rock that cools ________.

on the surface

Geology gives us an idea of the ________ of a given landscape.

past, present, and future

metamorphism involves which three of the processes included in the list below?

pressure deformation heat

The feature shown in this image (Australia) surrounding the land is called the continental ________.

shelf

The _________ ________ Consists of the sun, the planets in there moons, and smaller objects such as astroids and comets.

solar system

The physical state of Earth's inner core is ________ and the outer core is ________.

solid, liquid

The lithosphere is ________.

the rigid portion of Earth (crust and upper mantle)

There are two main types of crust on Earth; they are the ________ and ________.

continental, oceanic

Rocky fragments left over from the formation of the solar system are called ________. They are found in orbit between Mars and Jupiter.

asteroids

select the different types of information a geologist can infer from studying fossils and the rocks containing fossils.

How the life-form lived and died. How long ago the particular life form lived. How large the particular life-form was. Past local and global environments.

List the outer planets from top to bottom, from the Sun outward.

Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

________ is molten rock on Earth's surface.

Lava

________ is molten rock underground, usually rich in silica and containing dissolved gases.

Magma

Which of the following correctly describes the primary differences between continent and ocean basins?

The continents and ocean basins have different rock types. The continents and ocean basins have different rock thicknesses.

Which of these best describes the location of the core within earth?

The core is located in the central zone of earth, beneath the mantle.

Which of the following describes the eastern part of North America compared to the western part?

The mountains are more subdued. The coast is surrounded by a broad shelf.

Flowing water is the most important agent for sculpting the landscape of earth.

True

Select the three factors that directly shape the surface of Earth by creating diverse landscapes.

Water and it's movement atmosphere and its movement impact of diverse life-forms

Match the processes of the rock cycle with their definitions.

Weathering- Breaking down of rocks either mechanically or chemically Transportation- moving pieces of rock by wind, ice, or water Deposition- Occurs when the energy of the transport of materials decreases Uplift- upward movement of underground rocks to the surface Lithification- Process of sediment turning into rock