GES308-Previous Exam Q's T1
n a famous test of the notion that evolution happens by the inheritance of acquired characteristics, August Weismann maintained a population of mice in his lab for 22 generations. Each generation he measured tail length, randomly chose individuals to be breeders, snipped off the breeders' tails, and then let breeders mate to produce the next generation. Average tail length did not change from the 1st generation to the 22nd. That is, the population failed to evolve. What's the most likely reason the population did not evolve?
Because tail length (that is, the length of tails mice were born with) had negligible influence on which individuals survived to reproduce.
____________________ is the tendency of water molecules to adhere to themselves
Cohesion
Photosynthesis by phytoplankton primarily occurs in the ____________________ zone of lakes
Epilimnion
A dominant allele will always increase in frequency over time.
False
Fly populations that evolved in a very dangerous environment should have a longer life span than those evolving in a stable, safer environment.
False
Natural selection is the only process that leads to evolution
False
Terrestrial environments experience overall less environmental variability than aquatic environments.
False
The more energy an organism allocates to reproduction, the more it can allocate for growth and maintenance
False
Transpiration is the water loss through the roots of plants.
False
Water is less dense than ice
False
____________________ is the area of leaves per unit ground area
Leaf Area Index(LAI)
____________________ weathering of soils results from the action of water, wind and temperature.
Physical
A successful life history strategy would have populations that either increase or do not change in size over time.
True
All else being equal, alleles associated with higher reproductive success increase in frequency more so than other alleles.
True
Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water.
True
Inbreeding can lead to lower fitness.
True
Light compensation point is amount of light a plant receives where the rate of net photosynthesis is zero.
True
Short-wave solar radiation is more energetic than long-wave solar radiation.
True
Evolution is
a change in the composition of a population from one generation to the next.
The ultimate source of carbon from which all life is constructed is derived from
atmospheric carbon dioxide
If birds with smaller beaks are favored by the environment, it is likely that ________ selection will occur.
directional
A/an ____________________ is defined as an area in space and time that includes both abiotic and biotic components of the environment.
ecosystem
The ____________________ is the sum of alleles of all individuals in a population and represents the total genetic variation of that population.
gene pool
____________________ are herbivores that specialize on eating seeds.
granivores
_____________________ are organisms that consume other organisms.
heterotrophs
When an organism begins to be challenged by a change in the environment, the first characteristic of their life history to suffer is:
reproduction
Life history theory seeks to understand how organisms allocate resources towards growth, survival and reproduction to optimize:
reproductive success
Adaptive radiation:
results in new specialized species
When plants experience a shortage of water, they tend to put energy into growing:
roots
____________________ is the mode of reproduction in which an organism expends all of its energy in one suicidal act of reproduction.
semelparity
Population divergence occurring as a result of females in a species consistently choosing males of a particular color is an example of
sexual selection
_____________________ is attenuated at very shallow depths in lakes.
sunlight
In a lake, the ____________________ is the region of the vertical depth profile where water temperature declines most rapidly.
thermocline
