GEstalt psychology
The GEstalt principles of organization
are present in the stimuli themselves
When Gestalt psychology was in its infancy, which schools of thought was/were already established?
behaviorism
Wertheimer's basic premise for productive thinking was that
both the whole problem must dominate the parts and the principles of solutions must be understood, not just situation-specific or problem-specific solutions
The Gestalt psychologists referred to Wundt's system as
brick and mortar psychology
In germany, the gestalt protest of wundt's system was
considered to be heresy
According to Lewin, life space
corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior
Perhaps the best known of the books written by the Gestalt psychologists, the Mentality of Apes,
documented the animals purposeful behaviors to solve problems
The GEstalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his
elementism
For brentano, the subject matter of psychology was
experiences
Concurrent with the rise of GEstalt psychology, the Zeitgist in physics was embracing
field theory
The most outstanding feature of Lewin's social psychology
group dynamics
For mach, sensations are
independent of the elements of which they are composed
The basic premise of the Gestalt principles of perception is that the perceptual organization is
innate
It is known that before an eye movement or a finger movement occurs, it is possible to record altered activity in a specific cerebral cortex area. The Gestaltists would argue that this is support for the principle of
isomorphism
The Gestalt psychologists maintained that a correspondence called what exists between perceptual activity and brain activity
isomorphism
perhaps the major contribution of gestalt psychology to contemporary systems was the
legitimization of consicous experiences
the focus of Lewin's system was on
motivation
From the Gestalt perspective, insight requires that one
perceive the relationships between the components of the problem or issue
a what is a quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experiences that does not vary even when the actual sensory elements change
perceptual constancy
The unbiased description of immediate experience as it occurs is
phenomenology
In the original source material from the mentality of apes, kohler argued that a particular difficulty must lie in the
problem itself
The thrust of Gestalt psychology's attack on behviorism focused on the latter's
reductionism
Pavlov
replicated kohler's work but found it to be chaotic
Like Skinner, Lewin argued that
statistics were not useful
An early test of Lewin's tension theory was done by Zeigarnik who discovered that humans
tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished ones
Kohler's basic criterion for intelligence was
the ability to solve problems
Wertheimer defined peripheral factors as
the organizing principles present int he stimuli
The construct of the life space describes
the person's psychological field
Maslow's notion of self-actualization was partially based on
the personal characteristics of Max Wertheimer
Apparent movement is another term for
the phi phenomenon
Gestalt psychologists believed that
there is more to perception than meets the eye
The Gestalt psychologists initially chose to focus on perception
to challenge Wundtian psychology directly
The GEstalt school's major difference with behaviorists was over the
utility of the concept of consciousness
The notion of Gestalt qualitaten was offered by
von Ehrenfels
Kohler argued that trial and error learning
was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation
For wertheimer, rote memorixation and or rote learning
was inefficient compared to insight learning
Contrary to the notion of a passive mind, as portrayed by the British empiricists, the German philosopher Kant held that the mind
Actively organizes sensory information into a coherent experience
An analysis of an overt behavior in Lewin's system requires a consideration of
All of the choices are correct
The Gestalt psychologists argued that reduction to the elements of experience
All of the choices are correct
Psychologits attacked which aspect of GEstalt psychology
All of the choices correct
One of the major reasons that gestalt psycholgoy failed to become popular in teh US apparently was
American scholars' belief that GEstalt theory had only to do with perception
The spontaneous understanding of a phenomenon is called
Einsicht
Which of the following statements indicates how Gestalt psycholgoy and behaviorism treated the study of consciousness?
GEstalt psychology accepted the study of consciousness but criticized the attempt to analyze it into elements. Behaviorism refused to acknowledge the existence of consciousness
THe leaders of the what immediately supported the Nazi regime and proclaimed the evil influence of the Jews
German psychological society
How did Wertheimer explain the phi phenomenon?
He did not; he said it did not need explanation
the essence of the gestalt system is found in the work of the philosopher
Kant
The Gestalt system was introduced to American scholars by
Koffka
Who was a subject in Wertheimer's research on the perception of apparent movement?
Koffka and Kohler
The connection between certain aspects of Gestalt psychology and principles and terms of physics reflects
Kohler's training in physics
The term field theory was applied to whose system
Lewin's
Complete the following analogy: Field of force:_______:: _______ Psychology
Physics; Gestalts
The improtance of perceptual constancies in the Wundt's versus Gestalt debate was that the experience supported
The Gestalt position that completeness of an experience is not altered when the actual sensory components of the experience are altered
The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of
The Zeignarik effect
In what way was the phi phenomenon a challenge to Wundt's system?
The phi phenomenon could not be reduced to its basic elements
Kohler's research on Tenerife
Was analyzed based solely on his descriptions of incidents
WHo was the spokesman for the gestalt movement who studied chimpanzees thinking processes
Wolfgang Kohler
GEstalt psycholgoy started as a movement opposed to
Wundt's approach
Kohler reported that he was shocked by
Wundt's notion that psychological facts are composed of inert atoms
Kohler's findings occurred simultaneously with whose discovery of what?
Yerkes'; ideational learning
Wertheimer suggested that brain activity is
a configural whole process
For the school of Gestalt psychology, "form" was
a creation of the mind
The notion that form is a property of objects is
a definition of Gestalt
Kohler argued that solving a problem requires
a restructuring of the perceptual field
In the Gestalt view, learning entails
a restructuring of the psychological environment
According to Kohler, insight involves
an immediate apprehension or cognition of relationships