GG101 - Ch 8

Sediments produced by the action of living organisms are called:

Biogenic sediments.

Particle sizes are described using the following terms:

Gravel, sand, silt, and clay.

Chemical sedimentary rocks include:

Chert

____________ sediment forms from loose rock and mineral debris produced by weathering and erosion.

Clastic

Which of the following statements is correct?

Clastic sedimentary rocks include arkose and lithic sandstone. Biogenic sedimentary rocks include coquina and coal. Chemical sedimentary rocks include travertine and micrite. Clastic sedimentary rock includes conglomerate and shale.

Sedimentary rocks are classified by:

Composition and texture.

Accretionary prisms composed of clastic and biogenic sediment scraped off the oceanic crust are typical of what type of tectonic setting?

Convergent margin-subduction zone

After being created by weathering, sediments:

Experience more weathering. Combine with chemical sediments. Combine with biogenic sediments. Experience sorting and abrasion

Primary sedimentary structures are:

Physical features of a rock related to the environment of deposition.

Continental environments include:

Rivers, lakes, wetlands, and glaciers.

The "sedimentary cycle" refers to:

The process of recycling sediments.

"Lithification" refers to:

The set of natural processes that turn sediment into rock.

Geologists study sedimentary rocks because:

They provide a record of Earth's history. They are sources of fossil fuels. They may contain important mineral resources. They may contain fossils, providing a history of life including human evolution.

Well-sorted and well-rounded sand grains indicate that sediment:

Traveled from a distant source area.

Organisms play a significant role in the origin of ______________ sedimentary rock.

biogenic

Two processes can lead to the lithification of sediment. During ____________, the weight of accumulating sediment reduces pores space and forces out water from sediment. ____________ occurs when ions dissolved in solution precipitate out, forming minerals that hold the grains together.

compaction; Cementation

Biogenic sedimentary rocks are formed by:

primarily composed of plant and animal remains, and include minerals created by organisms, such as corals, molluscs, diatoms or radiolarian which cover the ocean floor and later form limestones or cherts.