Ghana

The Mamprusi, Dagomba, and Gonja people of northern Ghana are believed to ave direct ties to ____________. Why?

Ancient Ghana; the smaller kingdoms that developed into northern Ghana were ruled by nobles believed to be descendants of people from the Wagadugu empire

What is Ghana's primary religion?

Christianity

British named the region their colony and called it the _________

Gold Coast

Where do abosom live?

inside an object, such as a tree or river

facing the drummers with the left palm supporting the right elbow, with the right forearm raised high means:

"I promise you a drink"

stopping to dance for a moment, while standing with hands on one's hips means:

"come what may"

"Kpanlogo A Loglegi"

"something crooked"

"Agba dze ta"

"we have carried the corpse"

"A stranger breaks no law"

-Akan proverb -protects an outsider who might attempt to dance with expressive gestures from breaking some moral code with their inappropriate gestures

Ghana became the first colony in Africa to become an independent country in ________

1957

Since the _________s, there's been a resurgence of African nationalism and traditional culture

1960s

How many main ethnic groups are there in Ghana?

6

Akan dance that is approached with individual expression

Adowa

The most widespread social dance of Akan people

Adowa

means antelope

Adowa

performed by women with men only assisting on instruments, performed mostly at funerals, can also be seen at annual festivals, visits by important dignitaries, other celebrations

Adowa

examples of both social and funeral dances

Adowa and Agbadza

dance derived from an older war dance, Atrikpui

Agbadza

dance first associated with the reign of King Tegbouesson in Dahomey kington

Agbadza

the oldest musical types performed by the Southeastern Ewe people

Agbadza

today, a social and recreational dance, performance is open to the community, regardless of class, age, sex, religion

Agbadza

Which group includes Fante, Nzema and Ashanti?

Akan

the dances of the _________ people are known for pure expressive movements, which make a clear statement about the emotions or thoughts of the dancer

Akan

_________ do not drum because it is strenuous because it was thought they would defile the drum

Akan women

these groups exist in many African countries, specialize in just one type of music, may be invited to perform

Autonomous organized

The main groups talked about in the book

Ewe, Ga, Akan

(T/F) Nyame is approached and worshiped directly

F- Nyame is not approached or worshiped directly because it is thought that he withdrew from the people after he created them

a warriors' dance of the Anlo-Ewe people in Ghana, dance originally performed after battles so warriors could reenact battle scenes for people at home,

Gadzo

Dance now performed at ancestral stool festivals, funerals of important chiefs, entertainment

Gazdzo

dance attached to the royal Ashanti court

Kete

dance that has a prepatory song (could be poetry with a bell accompaniment), master drummer pauses in between musical statements or phrases

Kete

ensemble can play 8 different dance pieces, each played for a diff occasion (procession of chief, display of shields, funeral, dancing)

Kete

group of dances

Kete

"the dance of youth"

Kpanlogo

dance developed shortly after Ghana gained independence in 1957

Kpanlogo

dance now performed at life-cycle events, festivals, political rallies, accompanied by songs about youthful attraction, flirtation, temptation, can be quite suggestive in language

Kpanlogo

the most recent rec music types of Ga people

Kpanlogo

In the 13th century, the Wagadugu became part of the _________ Empire due to severe and extended drought

Mali Empire

________ had a great influence, especially in the north, because they were scribes, medicine men, or merchants

Muslim (religion=Islam)

the Supreme Being of those still practicing traditional religion

Nyame/Onyame

What country named Ghana "Mina" because of the gold they found there?

Portugal

(T/F) Music is thought to communicate to the living, deceased ancestors, and gods in a more powerful way than speech

T

(T/F) Some groups celebrate marriage with music while others do not

T

Men are forbidden to witness puberty rites (T/F?)

T

T/F- Ghanaian Christians/Muslims may attend a traditional festival with rituals one day and attend their church or mosque another day

T

The training of musicians is commonly accomplished through exposure to and participation in musical situations, not formal lessons or apprenticeships (T/F)

T

Ghana

The title given to the kings who ruled the ancient Empire of the Wagadugu

the lesser gods

abosom

a stretcher made from bamboo and rope used to carry a corpse or sick person

agba

The majority of Ghanaians earn an income through ______________

agriculture or fishing

priests and priestesses are called _______________

akomfo (the possessed ones)

to protrude the lips means:

an insult

3rd level of the unseen world

ancestors

Which level of the unseen world do some african groups place the greatest emphasis?

ancestors

groups of musicians associated with traditional establishments such as guilds of blacksmiths, butchers, hunters, farmers- songs & dances are performed at pertinent ceremonial occasions (ex: royal court musicians)

attached groups

perform spontaneously, coming together to perform prescribed music in response to a specific situation

autonomous groups

the group that may be invited to perform music at occasions like weddings, funerals, festivals, the anlo-ewe have drumming/dance clubs in many villages- the primary way traditional music and dance is continued

autonomous organized groups

Performing groups fall into 2 categories:

autonomous, attached

a timeline is usually played by a _____________

bell/gong

Music has the power to ______________ in African music

call ancestral spirits, communicate with the gods and bring about desired supernatural powers

_______________ is a common musical practice in sub-saharan Africa

call and response

The Ashanti/Asante people dominated what region in the 17th century with the establishment of the Ashanti Empire?

central

The status of chiefs today is largely ___________

ceremonial

changes in the drum rhythm pattern serve as a signal to the dancers to ______________

change movements

A _____________ is said to inherit the attributes of his ancestors, is considered the spiritual link to the ancestors

chief

The Dutch controlled the _______ by the 17th century

coast

role of the akomfo

communicate with and serve as mediums for the abosom- expected to be a convincing representative of the particular obosom that called him/her to service

meaning of: outstretched right hand with the middle and forefinger pointing together at another dancer

congratulations

Villages often have a ___________ where social or religious events occur, including any musical performances

courtyard

the role of the abosom

created by Nyame, they are to manage his created through interaction with humans, each abosom was given specific functions and powers by Nyame

West African Music is commonly ____________ in its form- a repeating rhythm pattern in the bell (timeline) and/or drums can provide the foundation of a piece

cyclical

ways of showing respect to one's social position

dancing with bare shoulders, dancing barefoot, using gestures appropriate to one's social position

Akan women can play the ________ (held under the arm) when used during puberty rites for girls

donno

Ghanaian dances frequently serve __________________, being part of joyful and sorrowful occassions

dual purposes

individual expression

each dancer works out different elaborations of basic movemnts

Pure expressive movements make a clear statement about the ___________ or thoughts of a dancer

emotions

The British, Danes, and Swedes established presence for trading _____________

gold, ivory, slaves

local chiefs are sometimes viewed as the ________ of their music and dance heritage

guardian

Hierarchy of chiefs

head of ethnic group, regional chief, district chief, village chief

The atmosphere for music and dance is usually _____________, and people can come and go as they please

informal

The role of the master drummer

knows all the parts of the music and has the responsibility of making sure everyone enters at the right time and maintains the relationship of their part to the timeline

In Africa, ___________ dictates the direction of a melody

language

pouring _______ at the opening of religious rituals or other events is a type of prayer and sacrifice

libations

Ghanaian funerals typically have music and dance, but ________ do not typically sing funeral songs

men

African rhythm is based on _____________

motion of the body or language

Islam is found primarily in ___________ Ghana

northern

Music making and dancing typically occurs ____________, since it is rare to find any permanent structure designed for musical performances in West Africa

outdoors

Ghana's government is ___________

parliamentary government, a judiciary and a military

Most musical events are ____________ in nature

participatory

Okomfo dedicates his/her life to training in the art of _______________- includes rules of behavior and learning songs and dances that may come from an abosom

possession

a drummer in the act of drumming is protected by the same privileges as ____________ persons, and is immune from assaults and annoyances, not must he be interrupted

sacred

Where was the Wagadugu empire located?

several hundred miles north of the present-day Republic of Ghana

___________ for music are always in place in Ghanian society

social rules

intentionally displacing notes off of an underlying beat

syncopation

When did the Wagadugu empire exist?

the 4th-13th century

examples of autonomous group in context:

the Ashanti habitual bed-wetter song sung by other children at a special corrective ceremony; girl's puberty rites of the Akan people that last for several weeks

Ways diff types of music gets their names

the occasion/activity they're associated w/, the function the music performs, principal instrument used

a drum that gets its name because of its ability to play a continuous variety of pitch levels

the talking drum/donno

a rhythm pattern which serves to orient all parts in a musical performance (in Ghana)

time-line

Many African languages are ____________ languages

tone