Gilded Age Test

Granger Movement:

A coalition of U.S. farmers, particularly in the Middle West of the US in 1867. They were a fraternal organization in the United States that encouraged families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture.

What demand was made in the Populist Party platform of 1892?

A graduated income tax

William Jennings Bryan:

An American orator and politician born in 1860 and died in 1925. He was a secretary of state that emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States.

What was an important consequence of the Haymarket Riot?

Declines of knights of labor.

Why did government leaders generally sympathize with business owners against labor in the late 19th century?

Government leaders received money from businesses and also believed in laissez-faire.

In 1913, President Wilson proposed a reduction in tariffs. How did Wilson plan to make up for the loss of these revenues by the federal government?

Introducing a new federal income tax.

What tactics were used by management to resist the demands of labor?

Lockout

How did the "New Immigrants" differ from the "Old Immigrants"?

Most of them spoke very little English.

Which group most favored the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Nativists on the West coast

The cartoon below was published in 1871. Which problem is addressed in the cartoon?

Political machines were profiting from kickback on public contracts.

Nativism:

Political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants in the 19th century. In the US, nativism is a standard technical term, although those who hold this political view do not typically accept the label.

Ida B. Tarbell wrote a book The History of the Standard Oil Company. Which action took place in response to her criticisms?

President Roosevelt filed a lawsuit to break up the Standard Oil Company

What was the impact of the muckraking activities?

Public reaction to their books led to new laws addressing the abuses of industrialization.

Which is NOT a problem faced by farmers in the late 19th century?

Rising city populations were willing to pay higher prices for food.

Chinese Exclusion Act:

The 47th US congress made a law prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers in May, 1882. It was an Act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese.

Federal Reserve Act:

The 63rd US Congress created an Act to provide for the establishment of Federal reserve banks in December 1913. They made to furnish an elastic currency, to afford means of rediscounting commercial paper, to establish a more effective supervision of banking in the United States, and for other purposes.

Gentlemen's Agreement:

The Gentlemen's Agreement is an informal and legally non-binding agreement between two or more parties. In 1907 The US and Japan signed this agreement to reduce tensions between the two powerful Pacific nations.

Explain the Gilded Age and problems that were beneath the golden exterior. You must include examples from Urbanization, Immigration, Labor Movement, Political Machines and Social Issues.

The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the Northern United States and the Western United States in the 19th century. The Gilded Age was seen as a golden time, however, it had many issues. For example, too much urbanization in a period of time, the immigrants from Mexico and China were being discriminated against, political machines created huge problems for city governments, and many social issues such as child labor and women's right to vote.

Explain what the Progressive Era was and what major reforms or events that occurred? You must include Muckrakers and how that led to reform, Teddy Roosevelt's reforms and Woodrow Wilson's' reforms.

The Progressive Era was a time period of activism and reform. Muckrakers are reform-minded journalists in the US that exposed established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They led to reform because many people listened to them and what they had to say which exposed institutions and leaders. Some of the reforms that occurred were improved child labor laws, minimum wage legislation, and the right for women to vote.

Clayton Antitrust Act:

The US congress made an antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime in 1994. The reason they made this law was to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency.

What was a consequence of the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s?

The rapid growth of tenements and ghettos.

Theodore Roosevelt:

Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States. He was an American statesman, conservationist, naturalist, historian and writer born in 1858 and died in 1919. He was also the leader of the Progressive movement.

Muckrakers:

They are reform-minded journalists in the US that exposed established institutions and leaders as corrupt during the progressive era. They had large audiences that listened to them so they were successful when exposing people.

Which useful function was served by the political machines of the late 1800s?

They assisted in the social and political assimilation of immigrants into the community.

How were the Homestead and Pullman Strikes similar?

They both ended in important defeats for organized labor.

How did the experiences of Chinese immigrants differ from those of the "New Immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe?

They could not own property, testify in some state courts, or become citizens.

What problems did American factory workers face in the late 19th century?

They faced low wages and unsafe working conditions.

What was the purpose of the Grange movement?

To break the rural isolation of farmers and represent their interests

What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve System?

To regulate banks and create a more elastic currency.

Urbanization:

Urbanization is when a less populated area becomes more populated. Urbanization has been happening forever and was especially high in the late 19th century.

Political Machine:

William Tweed created a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group in the US during the 19th century. This happens when a leader commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.