GIS Final
The difference between "contains" and "completely contains" can be described by:
"completely contains" requires that the features do not share a boundary
Which one of the following statements is NOT true?
- A 1:1 million scale map of faults in all of California should not be used to determine which parcels in the city are crossed by the fault (maybe) - Although it is possible to display a 1:1000 and a 1:1 million scale map together in a GIS, it is often not advisable to do so (maybe) - Users should always try to use the highest resolution data available regardless of the scale of the project being done (no)
A colleague emails you a file called fastfood.shp with burger joints in your state. You save it but then ArcGIS Pro cannot find or open it. What is most likely the problem?
- The shapefile needs to be converted to a geodatabase feature class (no) - The file must have been too big to email; it should be sent in a different way - The other files that comprise the complete shapefile data set are missing - The email trip must have damaged the original file; it should be emailed again
If you have Boolean rasters for 10 different criteria for siting a landfill, and you add the rasters together, what is the potential range of values in the output raster.
0-10
Which one of the following, stored as shown, would be considered a binary number?
0101
If you multiply three different Boolean rasters in the Raster Calculator, the largest possible cell value in the output raster would be ____.
1
The State of South Dakota would look largest if shown in a map at which of the following scales? _______
1:1 million
You measure a soccer field (100 meters long) on an air photo and find that it is one centimeter long. What is the scale of the photo?
1:10,000
If a club is creating a map for hikers to use in the backcountry, the target source scale for downloaded data would be about ____.
1:20,000
You use the Raster Calculator to add together three grids, with cell sizes of 50, 100, and 200 meters respectively. By default, the cell size of the output grid will be ____.
200 meters
You are trying to determine the scale of a map. You know that something that is measuring 20 cm on the map is in reality 5 km long. From this information, you determine that the map has a scale of 1:_________.
25,000
The largest number that can be stored in a single byte is ____.
255
Imagine you are looking at a geodatabase which contains 50 states, 500 cities, and 100 rivers. How many feature classes are there? How many point features are there? How many features are there?
3, 500, 650
What is the minimum number of bytes needed to store the word "horse"? (Enter a number, not a word.)
5
You are planning a hike. You measure the trail on a 1:24,000 scale map and discover that it is 30 cm long. How long is the hike in kilometers?
7.2 kilometers
What is a feature template?
A feature template stores default properties used to create features in a particular layer.
The vector INTERSECT tool is the functional equivalent of the raster Boolean overlay function ____.
AND
If mapping the following attributes for counties in the midwest, select the data layers that should be normalized to avoid the phenomenon known as the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem. You must choose all that are correct to get credit for this question.
Acres of land used to grow corn Number of lightning strikes Number of vacant houses
If you want to have a scale bar with specific rounded values, you should AVOID the scale option _____.
Adjust Division Value
Match the projection type to the corresponding way the paper is fitted around the globe for the projection.
Azimuthal- table top Cylindrical- upright can of soda Transverse cylindrical- short tunnel Conic- Harry Potter's hat
When drawing layers in a map, the first layer drawn is the one at the ______ of the Contents pane.
Bottom
The ___ tool constructs polygons representing the areas within a given distance of features.
Buffer
The numerical relationship between objects in one table and matching objects in another table is called the _____.
Cardinality
A land use classification code is an example of_____data.
Categorical
If you are trying to eliminate streams that lie outside a particular watershed you would use the ___ function.
Clip
Match the spatial operator to the corresponding query that represents it.
Containment- Which gas stations lie inside the 100-year floodplain? Proximity- Which cities are closer than 50 miles to an historic earthquake? Intersection- Which counties have a river running through or next to them?
Mary uses an airplane symbol to represent airports on her map. She is making use of ___ to help convey her map message.
Convention
The primary purpose of a map showing correlations between smoking and lung cancer rates is ____
Convincing
This SQL expression is correctly formatted to select polygons with the two specified geologic units: [GEOLOGY] = "Klm" OR [GEOLOGY] = "Trs"
Correct
This SQL expression is correctly formatted to select residential parcels worth more than 100,000: [Zoning] = 'Residential' AND [VALUE] > 100000
Correct
If the following information is being displayed on a map, for which one is MAUP most likely to be an issue?
County alcohol sales
Mercator is an example of a(n) _____ projection.
Cylindrical
Which one of the following actions should only be performed on a data set with a missing or incorrect coordinate system?
Define Projection tool
An unprojected coordinate system, or GCS, has map units of _____.
Degrees
The ___ tool merges features together if they share the same attribute values in a specified field or list of fields.
Dissolve
Jim and Nancy are standing side by side looking at their GPS units. Jim's GPS reads −103.41568, 44.37927. Nancy's GPS reads 630153, 4885480. What is the most likely explanation?
Each GPS is set to a different coordinate system
The boundaries between adjacent polygons in a map topology are called ____.
Edges
A DEM raster stores ____.
Elevation
To create road buffers as a raster, you must start by executing the ____ tool on the vector road layer.
Euclidean Distance
Displaying a third dimension of a feature using a constant value or values derived from the attribute table for each feature is known as ____.
Extrusion
A spatial join requires that the tables share a common field.
False
It is acceptable to use folder names with spaces to store rasters in.
False
Saving edits also saves the project.
False
A collection of feature classes grouped together in a geodatabase container with a common coordinate system is known as a ____.
Feature dataset
Match the view to its purpose.
Fields view- modifies the properties of fields in a table Table view- shows the data values in a table Domains view- creates rules that specify values allowed in fields Catalog view- shows the datasets and tables in folders or portals
Match the scaling constraint setting for the map frame to the actions allowed in an activated map frame.
Fixed center and scale- zooming and panning disabled; rotation and resizing allowed Fixed scale- panning is allowed but zoom is not; resizing changes extent Fixed extent- all navigation disabled; resizing with same aspect ratio allowed Fixed center- panning disabled but zooming, rotating (3D), and resizing allowed
A grade point average (example 3.24) should be stored in a _____ field.
Float
A table of climate stations containing longitude and latitude values has a corresponding coordinate system that is _____.
Geographic
The geometric figure that most accurately represents the earth's surface is the _____.
Geoid
This SQL expression is correctly formatted to select counties from the two specified states: [STATE_NAME] = "Alabama" OR "Rhode Island"
Incorrect
This SQL expression is correctly formatted to select incomes in the range between 50,000 and 100,000: [INCOME] < 50000 AND [INCOME] > 100000
Incorrect
Which one of the following functions both splits crossing features and combines the attribute records of matching features?
Intersect
Which one of the following functions would be used to determine which portions of residential parcels in Rapid City fall inside the flood plain (both layers are polygon shapefiles).
Intersect
How does a map layer differ from its source data?
It stores only the data location and its display properties, not the actual features.
If a polygon layer is spatially joined to a line layer, with the lines as the target layer, what will the feature geometry of the output layer be?
Lines
When using the Length sketch tool, the distance units should be given in ____.
Map units
Information about a data set, such as who created it and why, is called ______.
Metadata
Jeff used a smartphone to snap a picture of a DEM on a poster, georeferenced it, and used it to calculate slopes for a hiking trip map. Is this workflow actually possible?
No, because a picture raster does not contain analyzable data
The vector UNION tool is the functional equivalent of the raster Boolean overlay function ____.
OR
Every design element in a map should be repeatedly evaluated against the ___ of the map.
Objective
You have a table of states and a table of state capitals. The cardinality between the tables is ____.
One-to-one
Match the distance-based analysis task to the corresponding tool.
Point Density- Calculate the number of points occurring within a specified distance from each cell. Cost Distance- Create a path showing the easiest way to get from one location to another. Euclidean Distance- Create a raster showing how far it is to the closest of a set of features. Euclidean Direction- Create a raster showing which way to go to get to the closest of a set of features.
A closed figure composed of x-y coordinates is called a ________.
Polygon
If states is the target feature class in a spatial join with cities, then the output feature class will contain ____.
Polygons
John is testing an expensive pH meter that records data to four decimal places, although most report data to two decimal places. Unfortunately it has been left in a hot car for two days and is giving the wrong pH value for the test solutions he is using. If someone were to use this meter to take water pH measurements, then the measurements would be ____.
Precise but not accurate
______ contain pixels rather than vector-based points, lines, or polygons.
Rasters
The number of points earned on a final exam is an example of ___ data.
Ratio
What function would you use to take a slope raster and assign low slopes a value of 1, intermediate slopes a value of 2, and high slopes a value of 3?
Reclassify
When importing data for your home state, the Clip tool would most likely be needed to extract _____.
Rivers
Robin and Lucy buffered the same set of streams and compared their answers for areas of the buffers. Robin got 49 square kilometers and Lucy got 97 square kilometers. Who got the right answer?
Robin
To find all cities within 50 miles of a volcano, you would need to use_____.
Select by Location
Which statement best describes the difference between spatial joins and other types of overlay?
Spatial joins do not split features when they cross each other.
For each of the following applications, match it to the best choice of coordinate system. Chapter: 04
State Plane- Constructing a database of South Carolina counties USA Equidistant Conic- Calculating driving times between cities in the United States UTM Zone 12- Analyzing areas of land cover types in the N-S running Rocky Mountains of the United States North America Equal Area Conic- Comparing areas of deer habitat in different regions of the US, Canada, and Mexico
Which one of the following techniques would you use in ArcGIS Pro if you wanted to exchange the current selection in a layer with the unselected features in the same layer?
Switch selection
Which one of the following would be considered a continuous raster?
Temperature
Which one of the following statements about projections is TRUE? -The Central Meridian of a coordinate system runs through Greenwich, England. -The extent of a data set in a GCS will never exceed the range of −180 to +180. -The UTM coordinate system would be a good choice for a map of the entire U.S. lower 48 states. -A false easting and false northing are applied to maps in order to correct for mapping errors.
The extent of a data set in a GCS will never exceed the range of −180 to +180.
Which ONE of the following statements uses its terms correctly?
The layer file for that geology feature class stores the correct colors for each unit.
What does it mean if a layer's check box is dimmed?
The layer has a display scale range set for it.
Which of the following pitfalls commonly occur when amateurs make legends?
The layer name is shown as an obscure file name like roads.shp. The legend neatline crowds the text in the legend The class values are uneven, non-rounded numbers All of these responses are correct (ans)
Two GPS units lying next to each other are set to collect locations in NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10 and NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 respectively. Which statement best characterizes the readings given by the two units?
The locations reported by the units may differ by a couple hundred meters
Trudy found a space in a folder name and renamed the folder. The next time she opened one of her project maps, the layers had red exclamation points and no map was shown. What happened?
The map layers that referred to the original folder are pointing to a non-existent file location.
When an intersect or union tool is employed, what happens to features that cross each other?
They are split into non-overlapping pieces.
Feature templates can be used to assign default attribute values to different categories of features in a layer.
True
If your input layers are wells (points) and geology (polygons) then doing a spatial join or doing an intersect will give you the same result.
True
Which one of these map types should NOT be used for a map of county populations?
Unique values
You download a file with a .zip extension, but then cannot find it in the Catalog window in ArcGIS Pro. What do you need to do?
Use a utility to extract the contents of the .zip file to a folder.
When a data set is mislabeled with the wrong coordinate system, what should you do?
Use the Define Projection tool to redefine the coordinate system.
Which one of the following statements is true? - All layers currently being edited must exist in the same folder or geodatabase. - You cannot edit a group of layers containing different geometry types (point, line, polygon). Incorrect - You should have a backup copy of your data before making edits. Correct - All editing must be done with the map in a projected coordinate system.
You should have a backup copy of your data before making edits
What function would you use to determine the average precipitation values in each watershed, given a precipitation raster and a watershed shapefile?
Zonal Statistics
Select the definition of the term "Jenks method".
a classification that divides numeric data into ranges defined by naturally occurring gaps
A dangle occurs when _____.
a line fails to connect to the end or edge of another line
Select the definition of the term "feature class".
a set of similar spatial objects with the same attributes stored together in a data file
If a survey designer wishes to create a question in which the person answering must type in an integer value between 1 and 10, the optimum field configuration would be ____.
a short field with a range domain
Select the definition of the term "vector data".
a spatial data storage method that uses points, lines, or polygons
An overlap occurs when _____.
adjacent polygons cover portions of each other
If I need to find cities with more than 1 million people and that are within 100 miles of a major earthquake I would need to perform ______.
an attribute query and a spatial query
Map algebra is a technique for ____.
analyzing stacks of raster maps using mathematical or Boolean operators
Raster data should be stored and analyzed in projected coordinate systems because ____.
area or distance distortion may cause raster functions to yield incorrect results
Match the list of operators to the corresponding operator name.
arithmetic operators- +, -, x, / logical operators- <, >, = Boolean operators- AND, OR, XOR, NOT spatial operators- proximity, intersection, containment
Joan selects counties with populations greater than 100,000 people. She has performed a(n) ____.
attribute query
Match the definition with the term.
attributes- information about map features stored in columns a table metadata- information stored about data to document it continuous data- numeric measurements, such as elevation, that exist at every location of a map raster- a data set composed of an array of numeric values as cells or pixels data frame- a map view holding layers that are viewed and analyzed together vertex- stored x-y location; a group of them defines the shape of a line or polygon
Which ONE of the following is a legal field name?
avgtemp1998
Why are FIPS codes preferable to names as the key field when joining counties or cities?
because county and city names are not unique
Which one of the following map variables should be represented by changes in saturation or value in a graduated color map?
bushels of corn per acre
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the raster data model?
can store many attributes in a small space
Suppose that you have some trail mix composed of peanuts, raisins, almonds, cashews, cranberries, and chocolate candies colored red, green, yellow, and orange. You apply the following set of "queries": Create new selection: all candies. Add to selection: cashews. Remove from selection: red and green candies. Select from selection: all nuts and candies. What do you have selected when you are finished?
cashews, yellow candies, orange candies
Which ONE of the following is NOT a function of editing? - creating new features in a feature class - modifying the shape or location of existing features in a feature class - entering or modifying attribute values in a table - changing the coordinate system of a feature class
changing the coordinate system of a feature class
Select the definition of the term "join"
combination of two tables based on a common attribute field or location
The raster data model is best suited to storing ____.
continuous data such as elevation or rainfall
If the following information is being displayed on a map, for which one is MAUP most likely to be an issue?
county alcohol sales
The AutoComplete tool is designed to ____.
create a common boundary between two adjacent polygons
On the fly projection in ArcGIS Pro means that ____.
data sets may be stored in different coordinate systems yet displayed together
Match the following words with their definition.
datum- a correction applied to a mapping ellipsoid to minimize mapping errors due to the earth's geoid- the shape of the earth defined gravitationally by mean sea level extent- the range of x-y coordinate values present in a layer central meridian- the central longitude of a map projection for which the x coordinate equals zero standard parallel- a latitude at which the projection surface lies tangent or secant to the spheroid
To create a map showing median rent with evenly spaced classes $100 apart, you would use the _____ classification.
defined interval
If a field type is incorrectly defined, such as creating a text field to store the date of birth, to fix it you must _____.
delete the field and create another one
Normalizing data in a graduated color map means that you
divide each mapped value by the total of all values in the field / divide each mapped value by the value in a different field (ans: either of these responses)
Match the snapping type to the appropriate editing task.
end snapping- make sure that a new stream line attaches exactly to the end of the previous stream line edge snapping- make sure that a water meter (point) attaches exactly to the side of a house vertex snapping- make sure that a new road attaches exactly to where an old road changes direction or ends point snapping- make sure that a pipeline attaches exactly to an existing well location (point)
A query ____.
extracts certain features or records based on some criteria
Match the data format to the correct statement.
feature datasets- Found inside a geodatabase and may contain multiple datasets with points, lines, and polygons rasters- Contain pixels rather than points, lines, or polygons coverages- Is the oldest format and is generally converted to a newer one for use shapefiles- Spaghetti data model developed for the early version of ArcView, still in common use feature classes- Found inside a geodatabase and may contain only one type of geometry (points, lines, or polygons)
A great benefit that classic overlay functions, like intersect or union, have over spatial joins is that ____.
features can be split, so that a one-to-one cardinality is always maintained
A suitability analysis ____.
finds combinations of factors to delineate ideal areas for a particular purpose
The Rule of Joining states that ____.
for each record in the target table there must be one and only record in the join table
Match the following classifications with with each definition.
geometric interval- a classification that multiples each class range by a constant coefficient equal interval- a classification with a user-specified number of classes and equal ranges for all classes Jenks method- a classification that divides numeric data into ranges defined by naturally occurring defined interval- a classification with a user-specified size range that is equal for all classes
A choropleth map is another name for a _____ map.
graduated color
The term topology refers to ____.
how features are spatially related to each other
Logical consistency refers to ____.
how well the data spatial relationships correspond to real world relationships of features
In a tool, a parameter box marked with a red x ____.
indicates an error in the parameter that must be fixed before the tool is run
Match the type of query to its function.
interactive query- objects are selected by viewing a map or table spatial query- features are selected based on relative locations attribute query- objects are selected using an expression based on field values
Which one of the following data formats cannot be analyzed using Spatial Analyst tools?
jpeg
A ______ does not contain any actual spatial data features.
layer file
Which one of the following map variables would be best represented by changes in symbol size?
magnitudes of earthquakes
If you are joining states to counties, with counties as the target table, the cardinality is ____.
many to one
Select the definition of the term "discrete data".
map objects that occupy distinct locations or have a limited set of values
Select the definition of the term "azimuth".
measurement of compass direction in 360 degrees with 0 = north
Match each of the following raster functions to its corresponding description.
neighborhood statistics- calculates statistical values over a moving target window reclassify- converts one set of values in a raster to a different set of values zonal statistics- summarizes values of one raster within areas defined by another raster or feature class slope- calculates the rate of change over a surface interpolate- estimates continuous raster surface from a set of point values raster calculator- performs algebraic manipulations on rasters such as adding or multiplying them
MAUP issues are usually addressed in a map by
normalizing the feature value by the feature area
Select the definition of the term "continuous data".
numeric measurements, such as elevation, that exist at every location of a map
A relate MUST be used when the cardinality between two tables is ____.
one-to-many
If states is the target feature class, then the cardinality between states and counties is ___.
one-to-many
The "rule of thirds" is used to improve a map design by ____.
placing important information at certain points on the page
Which one of the following datasets cannot be edited in Pro?
rasters
The visual center of a map is ____ the geometric center.
slightly above
Why are FIPS codes stored as text fields?
so that leading zeros will not be dropped from the code
Nelson wants to find all the highways that lie within 50 miles of an earthquake. Which technique provides the simplest solution to the problem?
spatial query
Rafiq selects wells that lie inside Pennington County, New Jersey. He has performed a(n) ____.
spatial query
Given a table containing records for states and fields with wheat production for all years from 1990 to 2000, you would use the _____ function to find the total U.S. wheat production for 1995.
summary statistics
Every layer placed in a map layout should _____.
support the objective of the map
Which one of the following types of values can a raster pixel NOT store?
text values
Select the definition of the term "central meridian".
the central longitude of a map projection for which the x coordinate equals zero
When using x-y fields in a table to create points on a map, it is important to specify the coordinate system as _____.
the coordinate system reflected in the table's x-y fields
A red exclamation point next to a layer name indicates that ______.
the data for the layer can't be found
In a merged join, the Join_Count field contains ____.
the number of join features that were matched to the target feature
Visual hierarchy refers to ___.
the order in which objects in a map tend to be perceived
Select the definition of the term "source scale".
the scale at which a data set was originally converted to digital form
What are ground control points used for?
to match identical locations between two different datasets
If a one-to-many relationship exists for a particular spatial join, the user may accommodate it by ____.
using a one-to-one join and merge rules
A common failing of classification schemes in legends is ____.
using inappropriate significant figures
Of the actions listed below, the only one which produces a new feature class with x-y coordinates stored on disk in a different coordinate system is _____.
using the Project tool
You should choose to build raster pyramids if ____.
you want faster display times at many scales