GIVE ME LIBERTY! By Eric Foner Chapter 24

In 1955, what percentage of nonagricultural workers were unionized? 35 percent 10 percent 25 percent 57 percent

35 percent

A leading voice of the Beats was: Adlai Stevenson. William Levitt. Orval Faubus. Allen Ginsberg.

Allen Ginsberg.

The name for the small group of poets and writers who railed against mainstream culture, and that included Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, was: Beatles. hippies. yippies. Beats.

Beats.

Which of the following was not a philosophic feature of Martin Luther King, Jr.? Black Americans must not try for full racial equality too quickly; before they achieve that, they must first prove their worthiness to all America. Blacks and whites must work together to combat segregation. The civil rights movement is a crusade, not merely to improve the lot of blacks, but, more broadly, to redeem the soul of America. The civil rights movement should always fight racial injustice on a nonviolent basis.

Black Americans must not try for full racial equality too quickly; before they achieve that, they must first prove their worthiness to all America.

What was the landmark United States Supreme Court case decided on May 17, 1954, in which the "Warren Court" unanimously asserted that segregation in public education violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment? Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education Menendez v. Westminster Loving v. Virginia

Brown v. Board of Education

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? National Defense Education Act; launching of Sputnik; announcement of ?0Òmassive retaliation?1Ó doctrine; end of Korean War Nixon's ?0ÒCheckers speech?1Ó; Eisenhower's farewell address; Nixon-Kennedy debates; Nixon-Khrushchev ?0Òkitchen debate?1Ó Geneva summit between Eisenhower and Khrushchev; Soviet invasion of Hungary; Khrushchev visit to United States; U-2 incident start of Montgomery bus boycott; Southern Manifesto; Brown v. Board of Education; appointment of Earl Warren as chief justice

Geneva summit between Eisenhower and Khrushchev; Soviet invasion of Hungary; Khrushchev visit to United States; U-2 incident

What did President Eisenhower call his domestic agenda, which embraced a "mixed economy," in which the government played a major role in planning economic activity, and by which Eisenhower consolidated and legitimized the New Deal? Modern Republicanism the New Frontier the ?0ÒNew?1Ó New Deal the Great Society

Modern Republicanism

In the aftermath of Rosa Parks's arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white rider, a yearlong bus boycott took place in what city? Memphis, Tennessee Little Rock, Arkansas Birmingham, Alabama Montgomery, Alabama

Montgomery, Alabama

Which of the following was not a key premise of American foreign policy during the Eisenhower years? Any Soviet attack on one of our allies will result in a nuclear assault on the Soviet Union. We must be prepared to negotiate with the Soviet Union. The United States will intervene in the Middle East—militarily, if necessary—to ward off the threats of communism or Arab nationalism in the region. The United States will always respect the sovereignty of foreign democracies—even those whose policies we oppose.

The United States will always respect the sovereignty of foreign democracies—even those whose policies we oppose.

Which of the following was not a prominent feature of suburban married life during the Fifties? a decline in divorce rates a growing desire among husbands and wives to find fulfillment through the shared enjoyment of material comforts, recreation, and sexual relations a growing tendency of husbands and wives to share the roles of breadwinner and homemaker a rise in birth rates

a growing tendency of husbands and wives to share the roles of breadwinner and homemaker

In 1953, Dwight Eisenhower brought to the presidency all of the following experiences except being the: chief executive officer of the General Electric Corporation. leading military general during World War II. supreme commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces in Europe. president of Columbia University.

chief executive officer of the General Electric Corporation.

Which was not one of the elements of "the power elite"—the interlocking directorate that dominated government and society in the 1950s—in the view of sociologist C. Wright Mills? politicians military men labor leaders corporate leaders

labor leaders

Which of the following was not a key cause of the economic prosperity of the Fifties? large income tax reductions the building of the interstate highway system Cold War-related military production housing construction in the expanding suburbs

large income tax reductions

In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine: asserted American authority in Vietnam in the wake of the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu. declared that the military-industrial complex must be reined in. expanded the Marshall Plan to Southeast Asia. pledged the United States to defend Middle Eastern governments threatened by communism or Arab nationalism.

pledged the United States to defend Middle Eastern governments threatened by communism or Arab nationalism.

The wave of decolonization that began when India and Pakistan achieved independence in 1947, and by which, in the decades following World War II, Europe's centuries-old empires collapsed, witnessed the newly created Third World nations: align with the United States. align with Great Britain. align with the Soviet Union. resist alignment with either major power bloc.

resist alignment with either major power bloc.

The principal organization in the Southwest—the equivalent of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)—that challenged restrictions on housing and employment, as well as the segregation of Latino students was named: the National Urban League (NUL). the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC). the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE).

the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC).

Eric Foner writes, "the either-or mentality of the Cold War obscured the extent to which the United States itself fell short of the ideal of freedom." In this context, to what does "the either-or mentality" refer? the notion that, in a polarized world, you were either for the United States or for the Soviet Union the notion that you were either for women's rights or against them the notion that you were either for the Democratic Party or for the Republican Party the notion that either you were for segregation or against it

the notion that, in a polarized world, you were either for the United States or for the Soviet Union

Which does not describe Rosa Parks in the years prior to her December 1, 1955, arrest? She was for many years a secretary in her local NAACP chapter. She had attended a training session for political activists at the Highlander School in Tennessee. She was a participant in meetings protesting the conviction of the Scottsboro Boys. She was a housewife, with no previous experience as a political activist.

She was a housewife, with no previous experience as a political activist.

Which was not part of the new "social contract" between organized labor and management in leading industries during the 1950s? Unions agreed to leave decisions regarding capital investment and plant location in management's hands. Employers granted benefits such as private pension plans, health insurance, and automatic cost-of-living pay adjustments to employees. Unions sponsored "wildcat" strikes in an effort to discipline management. Employers ceased trying to eliminate existing unions.

Unions sponsored "wildcat" strikes in an effort to discipline management.

In the 1950s, Richard Nixon pioneered efforts to transform the Republican Party's image: from defender of freedom-loving peoples and anticommunists to proponents of d?3Žtente. from defender of the military-industrial complex to champion of the small farmer. from defender of business to champion of the ?0Òforgotten man,?1Ó for whom heavy taxation had become a burden. from defender of the small farmer to champion of the military-industrial complex.

from defender of business to champion of the ?0Òforgotten man,?1Ó for whom heavy taxation had become a burden.

The 1954 update to the doctrine of containment, announced by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, that declared a Soviet attack on any American ally would be countered by a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union, was called "brinksmanship" by its critics and this by supporters: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) I. massive retaliation. isolationism. nuclear imperialism.

massive retaliation.

What was the coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists that pressed for desegregation and was formed in 1955, and in whose organizing Martin Luther King, Jr., took the lead? the Southern Christian Leadership Conference the Congress on Racial Equality the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) the Interfaith Council of Churches

the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

The National Defense Education Act, which for the first time offered direct federal funding for higher education, was passed into law by Congress in 1957 in response to: the Soviet launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik. inner-city riots, and the rise of feminist activist endeavors across the Midwest. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev's visit to the United States. the French defeat by Vietnamese forces at Dien Bien Phu.

the Soviet launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? start of Montgomery bus boycott; Southern Manifesto; Brown v. Board of Education; appointment of Earl Warren as chief justice Nixon's ?0ÒCheckers speech?1Ó; Eisenhower's farewell address; Nixon-Kennedy debates; Nixon-Khrushchev ?0Òkitchen debate?1Ó Geneva summit between Eisenhower and Khrushchev; Soviet invasion of Hungary; Khrushchev visit to United States; U-2 incident National Defense Education Act; launching of Sputnik; announcement of ?0Òmassive retaliation?1Ó doctrine; end of Korean War

Geneva summit between Eisenhower and Khrushchev; Soviet invasion of Hungary; Khrushchev visit to United States; U-2 incident

Which of the following was not a significant trend in 1950s America? a surge of student radicalism on college campuses the growing association of the automobile with individual freedom the rise of a youth culture that challenged the bland conformism of postwar America the emergence of TV as the nation's prevalent form of entertainment

a surge of student radicalism on college campuses

During the 1950s, the mass movement for civil rights found principal support among: union leaders. the southern black church. corporate leaders. Democratic and Republican political leaders.

the southern black church.

Which of the following did not inform Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, 1950s leadership of the civil rights movement? the writings of Malcolm X, particularly his autobiography the writings of civil disobedience of Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi a philosophy of struggle in which hate must be met with Christian love, and violence, with peaceful demands for change the nonviolent protests of the Congress of Racial Equality

the writings of Malcolm X, particularly his autobiography