Give Me Liberty Ultimate Chapter 16 Quiz
President Grant announces short-lived "peace policy" with Plains Indians
1869
Congress eliminates treaty system of U.S. - Indian relations
1871
Panic of 1873; start of five-year depression
1873
The Gilded Age published by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner
1873
Battle of Little Big Horn
1876
Bargain of 1877; end of reconstruction
1877
Henry George publishes Progress and Poverty
1879
Unites States returns to gold standard
1879
Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?
1880
Thomas A. Edison opens first electric generating station, in Manhattan
1882
Railroads divide nation into four standard time zones
1883
William Graham Sumner publishes What Social ClassesOwe to Each Other
1883
Laurence Gronlund publishes The Cooperative Commonwealth
1884
Dedication of Statue of Liberty
1886
Henry George's New York mayoral campaign
1886
Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives
1890
U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co.
1895
Waldorf-Astoria costume ball
1897
Lochner v. New York
1905
The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is
"cooperative commonwealth."
Which of the following was not a key episode of the "great upheaval" of 1886?
America's first nationwide railroad strike
In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following EXCEPT
Irish-Americans.
Dawes Act
Law passed in 1877 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers
Dawes Act
Law passed in 1887 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers.
Civil Service Act of 1833
Law that established the Civil Service Commission and marked the end of the spoils system
"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.
True
Liberty of Contract
A judicial concept of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries whereby the courts overturned laws regulating labor conditions as violations of the economic freedom of both employers and employees
The Industrial Revolution in the United States took place principally in
the Northeast and the Midwest.
''The Significance of the Frontier in American History''
A lecture given by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 arguing that the western frontier had forged the distinctive qualities of American culture: individual freedom, political democracy, and economic mobility.
In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was
unequally distributed, with the top 1 percent of Americans owning more property than the remaining 99 percent.
Ghost Dance
A religious revitalization campaign reminiscent of the pan-Indian movements led by earlier prophets.
Great Railroad Strike
A series of demonstrations, some violent, held nationwide in support of striking railroad workers in Martinsburg, West Virginia, who refused to work due to wage cuts
Ghost Dance
A spiritual and political movement among Native Americans whose followers performed a ceremonial "ghost dance" intended to connect the living with the dead and make the Indians bulletproof in battles intended to restore their homelands
Robber Barons
Also known as "captains of industry"' Gilded-Age industrial figures who inspired both admiration, for their economic leadership and innovation, and hostility and fear, due to their unscrupulous business methods, repressive labor practices, and unprecedented economic control over entire industries
Matthew Smith publishes Sunshine and Shadow
1868
Knights of Labor founded
1869
Dawes Act Year
1887
Edw and Bellamy publishes Looking Backward
1888
Between 1870 and 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?
25 million
standard gauge
A standard distance separating the two tracks adopting in 1886 that allowed for the first time trains of one company to travel on another company's track.
''great upheaval'' of 1886"
A wave of strikes and labor protests that touched every part of the nation in 1886.
Social Darwinism
Application of Charles Darwin�s theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of the �survival of the fittest� to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty.
Trusts
Companies combined to limit competition
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.
False
General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
False
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement.
False
The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.
False
The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.
False
Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive, taxation.
False
bonanza farming
Farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers.
Social Gospel
Ideals preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization
railroad time zones
In 1883, the major rail companies divided the national into four time zones still in use today.
Bonanza Farms
Large farms that covered thousands of acres and employed hundreds of wage laborers in the West in the late nineteenth century
Battle of the Little Bighorn
Most "Famous battle of the Great Sioux War; took place in 1876 in the Montana Territory; combined Sioux and Cheyenne warriors massacred a vastly outnumbered U.S. Cavalry commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer
Interstate Commerce Commission
Organization established by Congress, in reaction to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Wabash Railroad v. Illinois (1886), in order to curb abuses in the railroad industry by regulating rates
greenbacks
Paper money declared to be legal tender printed by the government.
All of the following were "captains of industry" EXCEPT
Samuel Gompers.
What was the name of John D. Rockefeller's company?
Standard Oil Company
What did Congress establish to regulate economic activity and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable and favoritism was avoided?
The Interstate Commerce Commission
iron law of supply and demand
The economic theory that determined wages and prices for goods and services.
liberty of contract
The idea that contracts reconciled freedom and authority in the workplace.
The Gilded Age
The popular but derogatory name for the period from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century, after the title of the 1873 novel by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner
Horizontal Expansion
The process by which a corporation acquires or merges with its competitors
By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys went on strike for higher pay.
True
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers and their widows and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.
True
During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.
True
In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.
True
In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the state's agriculture.
True
Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.
True
On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.
True
The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing office holding from the hands of political machines.
True
The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape.
True
The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.
True
The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.
True
The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.
True
Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns.
True
In the early 1870s, who was considered the political "boss" of New York City?
William M. Tweed
The 1887 Dawes Act
led to the loss of tribal lands, and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
Patrons of Husbandry
An educational and social organization for farmers founded in 1867
Social Darwinism
Application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of the "survival of the fittest" to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty
What Indian chief said, "If the white man wants to live in peace with the Indian he can live in peace. There need be no trouble. Treat all men alike. Give them the same law. Give them all and even chance to live and grow"?
Chief Joseph
Vertical Integration
Company's avoidance of middlemen by producing its own supplies and providing for distribution of its product
vertical integration
Company�s avoidance of middlemen by producing its own supplies and providing for distribution of its product.
Single Tax
Concept of taxing only landowners as a remedy for poverty, promulgated by Henry George in Progress and Poverty(1879).
Lochner v. New York
Decision by Supreme Court overturning a New York law establishing a limit on the number of hours per week bakers could be compelled to work; �Lochnerism� became a way of describing the liberty of contract jurisprudence, which opposed all governmental intervention in the economy.
Civil Service Act of 1883
Established the Civil Service Commission and marked the end of the spoils system.
According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.
False
Knights of Labor
Founded in 1869, the first national union lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor.
Knights of Labor
Founded in 1869, the first national union; lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor
Standard Oil Company
Founded in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller in Cleveland, Ohio, it soon grew into the nation�s first industry-dominating trust; the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) was enacted in part to combat abuses by Standard Oil.
Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?
Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Interstate strike, crushed by federal troops, which resulted in extensive property damage and many deaths.
Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance?"
It was feared by U.S. Army officials.
Wounded Knee Massacre
Last Incident of the Indian Wars; it took place in 1890 in the Dakota Territory, where the U.S. Cavalry killed over 200 Sioux men, women, and children
''captains of industry'' v. ''robber barons''
Opposing viewpoints that industrial leaders were either beneficial for the economy or wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated market.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Passed in 1890, first laws to restrict monopolistic trusts and business combinations; extended by the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.
Gold Standard
Policy at various points in American history by which the value of a dollar is set at a fixed price in terms of gold (in the post - WWII era, for ex, $35 per ounce of gold).
Social Gospel
Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.
In which book did Henry George propose a single tax on real estate that would replace all other taxes?
Progress and Poverty
Interstate Commerce Commission
Reacting to the U.S. Supreme Court�s ruling in Wabash Railroad v. Illinois (1886), Congress established the ICC to curb abuses in the railroad industry by regulating rates.
Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism?
The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom.
The most famous Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.
The most famous Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.
Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.
True
Haymarket Affair
Violence during an anarchist protest at Haymarket Square in Chicago on May 4, 1886; the deaths of eight, including seven policemen, led to the trial of eight anarchist leaders for conspiracy to commit murder.
The Gilded Age in America was said to be
a time of dishonesty and corruption, in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local, state, and federal governments.
Which of the following was not a focus of debate between Democrats and Republicans during the Gilded Age?
federal income tax levels
According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by
granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.
Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?
low tariffs
By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?
one-third
In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?
steel
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?
the Knights of Labor
The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?
the airplane
