Give Me Liberty Ultimate Chapter 16 Quiz

President Grant announces short-lived "peace policy" with Plains Indians

1869

Congress eliminates treaty system of U.S. - Indian relations

1871

Panic of 1873; start of five-year depression

1873

The Gilded Age published by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner

1873

Battle of Little Big Horn

1876

Bargain of 1877; end of reconstruction

1877

Henry George publishes Progress and Poverty

1879

Unites States returns to gold standard

1879

Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?

1880

Thomas A. Edison opens first electric generating station, in Manhattan

1882

Railroads divide nation into four standard time zones

1883

William Graham Sumner publishes What Social ClassesOwe to Each Other

1883

Laurence Gronlund publishes The Cooperative Commonwealth

1884

Dedication of Statue of Liberty

1886

Henry George's New York mayoral campaign

1886

Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives

1890

U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co.

1895

Waldorf-Astoria costume ball

1897

Lochner v. New York

1905

The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is

"cooperative commonwealth."

Which of the following was not a key episode of the "great upheaval" of 1886?

America's first nationwide railroad strike

In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following EXCEPT

Irish-Americans.

Dawes Act

Law passed in 1877 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers

Dawes Act

Law passed in 1887 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers.

Civil Service Act of 1833

Law that established the Civil Service Commission and marked the end of the spoils system

"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.

True

Liberty of Contract

A judicial concept of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries whereby the courts overturned laws regulating labor conditions as violations of the economic freedom of both employers and employees

The Industrial Revolution in the United States took place principally in

the Northeast and the Midwest.

''The Significance of the Frontier in American History''

A lecture given by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 arguing that the western frontier had forged the distinctive qualities of American culture: individual freedom, political democracy, and economic mobility.

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was

unequally distributed, with the top 1 percent of Americans owning more property than the remaining 99 percent.

Ghost Dance

A religious revitalization campaign reminiscent of the pan-Indian movements led by earlier prophets.

Great Railroad Strike

A series of demonstrations, some violent, held nationwide in support of striking railroad workers in Martinsburg, West Virginia, who refused to work due to wage cuts

Ghost Dance

A spiritual and political movement among Native Americans whose followers performed a ceremonial "ghost dance" intended to connect the living with the dead and make the Indians bulletproof in battles intended to restore their homelands

Robber Barons

Also known as "captains of industry"' Gilded-Age industrial figures who inspired both admiration, for their economic leadership and innovation, and hostility and fear, due to their unscrupulous business methods, repressive labor practices, and unprecedented economic control over entire industries

Matthew Smith publishes Sunshine and Shadow

1868

Knights of Labor founded

1869

Dawes Act Year

1887

Edw and Bellamy publishes Looking Backward

1888

Between 1870 and 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?

25 million

standard gauge

A standard distance separating the two tracks adopting in 1886 that allowed for the first time trains of one company to travel on another company's track.

''great upheaval'' of 1886"

A wave of strikes and labor protests that touched every part of the nation in 1886.

Social Darwinism

Application of Charles Darwin�s theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of the �survival of the fittest� to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty.

Trusts

Companies combined to limit competition

American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.

False

During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.

False

General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious at the Battle of Little Bighorn.

False

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement.

False

The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.

False

The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.

False

With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.

False

Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive, taxation.

False

bonanza farming

Farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers.

Social Gospel

Ideals preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization

railroad time zones

In 1883, the major rail companies divided the national into four time zones still in use today.

Bonanza Farms

Large farms that covered thousands of acres and employed hundreds of wage laborers in the West in the late nineteenth century

Battle of the Little Bighorn

Most "Famous battle of the Great Sioux War; took place in 1876 in the Montana Territory; combined Sioux and Cheyenne warriors massacred a vastly outnumbered U.S. Cavalry commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer

Interstate Commerce Commission

Organization established by Congress, in reaction to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Wabash Railroad v. Illinois (1886), in order to curb abuses in the railroad industry by regulating rates

greenbacks

Paper money declared to be legal tender printed by the government.

All of the following were "captains of industry" EXCEPT

Samuel Gompers.

What was the name of John D. Rockefeller's company?

Standard Oil Company

What did Congress establish to regulate economic activity and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable and favoritism was avoided?

The Interstate Commerce Commission

iron law of supply and demand

The economic theory that determined wages and prices for goods and services.

liberty of contract

The idea that contracts reconciled freedom and authority in the workplace.

The Gilded Age

The popular but derogatory name for the period from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century, after the title of the 1873 novel by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner

Horizontal Expansion

The process by which a corporation acquires or merges with its competitors

By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys went on strike for higher pay.

True

By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers and their widows and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.

True

During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.

True

In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.

True

In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the state's agriculture.

True

Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.

True

On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.

True

The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing office holding from the hands of political machines.

True

The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape.

True

The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.

True

The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.

True

The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.

True

Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns.

True

In the early 1870s, who was considered the political "boss" of New York City?

William M. Tweed

The 1887 Dawes Act

led to the loss of tribal lands, and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

Patrons of Husbandry

An educational and social organization for farmers founded in 1867

Social Darwinism

Application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of the "survival of the fittest" to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty

What Indian chief said, "If the white man wants to live in peace with the Indian he can live in peace. There need be no trouble. Treat all men alike. Give them the same law. Give them all and even chance to live and grow"?

Chief Joseph

Vertical Integration

Company's avoidance of middlemen by producing its own supplies and providing for distribution of its product

vertical integration

Company�s avoidance of middlemen by producing its own supplies and providing for distribution of its product.

Single Tax

Concept of taxing only landowners as a remedy for poverty, promulgated by Henry George in Progress and Poverty(1879).

Lochner v. New York

Decision by Supreme Court overturning a New York law establishing a limit on the number of hours per week bakers could be compelled to work; �Lochnerism� became a way of describing the liberty of contract jurisprudence, which opposed all governmental intervention in the economy.

Civil Service Act of 1883

Established the Civil Service Commission and marked the end of the spoils system.

According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.

False

Knights of Labor

Founded in 1869, the first national union lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor.

Knights of Labor

Founded in 1869, the first national union; lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor

Standard Oil Company

Founded in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller in Cleveland, Ohio, it soon grew into the nation�s first industry-dominating trust; the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) was enacted in part to combat abuses by Standard Oil.

Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?

Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Interstate strike, crushed by federal troops, which resulted in extensive property damage and many deaths.

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance?"

It was feared by U.S. Army officials.

Wounded Knee Massacre

Last Incident of the Indian Wars; it took place in 1890 in the Dakota Territory, where the U.S. Cavalry killed over 200 Sioux men, women, and children

''captains of industry'' v. ''robber barons''

Opposing viewpoints that industrial leaders were either beneficial for the economy or wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated market.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Passed in 1890, first laws to restrict monopolistic trusts and business combinations; extended by the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.

Gold Standard

Policy at various points in American history by which the value of a dollar is set at a fixed price in terms of gold (in the post - WWII era, for ex, $35 per ounce of gold).

Social Gospel

Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.

In which book did Henry George propose a single tax on real estate that would replace all other taxes?

Progress and Poverty

Interstate Commerce Commission

Reacting to the U.S. Supreme Court�s ruling in Wabash Railroad v. Illinois (1886), Congress established the ICC to curb abuses in the railroad industry by regulating rates.

Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism?

The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom.

The most famous Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.

The most famous Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.

Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.

True

Haymarket Affair

Violence during an anarchist protest at Haymarket Square in Chicago on May 4, 1886; the deaths of eight, including seven policemen, led to the trial of eight anarchist leaders for conspiracy to commit murder.

The Gilded Age in America was said to be

a time of dishonesty and corruption, in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local, state, and federal governments.

Which of the following was not a focus of debate between Democrats and Republicans during the Gilded Age?

federal income tax levels

According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by

granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.

Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?

low tariffs

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third

In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?

steel

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

the Knights of Labor

The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?

the airplane