GLOBAL CITIES, MIGRATION, AND DEMOGRAPHY
According to Sassen
"We cannot always take everything that happens in our economy as all positive, there are also challenges that are worth petitioning" and that's the reason why global cities also offers physical spaces and opportunities both for activism and social mobilization."
Global Cities Index
- Analyzed 128 cities in 6-world-regions - 27 metrics spanning on 5 dimensions: business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, political engagement
PATTERNS OF GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
- Current population of 7.2 Billion will increase by 1 billion after 12 years - The population will reach 9.6 billion by 2050 - Growth would be mainly in developing countries - From 2 billion - 76 million people each year
SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
- Economic Opportunities - Family Reunification - Education and Healthcare - Demographic Changes
ENVIRONTMENTAL FACTORS
- Environmental Degradation - Natural Disasters
Global City Outlook
- Evaluates a city's potential based on the rate of change for 13 metrics across four dimensions: personal well-being, governance, economics, and innovation - Elements: performance, infrastructure, and innovation capacity
Innovation and Creativity
- Global city is considered as hot spots for innovation and creativity - They are the home for leading university, research institutions, and even technological companies - What makes them the hub for innovation and connectivity is because these cities foster global collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and even entrepreneurship leading to breakthroughs in science as well as in technology and arts
Political and Institutional Power
- How global city also often possess a significant political and institutional influence. They are not just a home for multi-national corporation offices, they are not just a home for corporate business centers, but they are also home to both national and international decision-making bodies, government agencies, and headquarters for international finance capital organizations. And that's the reason why global cities exhibit influence not only in our local political economic and social decision making, but they also influence on global policies.
Infrastructure and Connectivity
- Well-developed infrastructure and excellent connectivity - Ex. Modern transportation system -Accessible (Availability - whenever and wherever you need it they are there) and sustainable (Transportations that is environmental yet responsible)
CRUDE BIRTH AND DEATH RATES
- both measured based on the number of births and deaths respectively among a population of 1000. - referred to as "crude" because it disregards age or sex differences among the computed population.
three reason why people migrate
- economic political reason - political reason - environmental factors
MIGRATION
- it's a complex phenomenon influenced with a lot of factors including political, economic, social, and environmental factors - movement of people from one place to another place
MIGRATION
- the movement of people - something to do with the idea of complementing their practical needs - people move from one place to another either because of your economic needs, sometimes, form of security and defense because of political uncertainties and violence that is happening in their society - has something to do with environmental and safety resiliency
FACTORS AFFECTING INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY RATE
1. Access to Healthcare 2. Maternal Health 3. Nutrition 4. Safe Water and Sanitation 5. Socioeconomic Status 6. Maternal Education 7. Immunization Coverage 8. Birth Spacing 9. Environmental Factors 10. Access to Emergency Medical Care 11. Public Health Intervention
4 classifications of GaWC Study:
1. Alpha++ City 2. Alpha+ City 3. Alpha City 4. Alpha - City
Relationship Between Global Cities and Globalization ECIF
1. Economic Hubs 2. Cultural Exchange 3. Innovation and Knowledge Creation 4. Financial Centers
Characteristics of a Global Cities ECIIP
1. Economic Power 2. Cultural Diversity 3. Innovations and creativity 4. Infrastructure and connectivity 5. Political and Institutional Power
TRENDS IN GLOBAL MIGRATION
1. Forced Displacement 2. Mixed Migration Flows 3. Urbanization of Migration 4. Climate Change and Environmental Migration 5. Regional Migration Dynamics 6. Policy Responses and Challenges
Analyzing Global Cities
1. GaWC Study 2. GLOBAL CITIES INDEX 3. Global City Outlook
Factors Affecting Life Expectancy
1. Genetics 2. Lifestyle Choices 3. Access to Healthcare 4. Socio-economic Status 5. Environmental Factors 6. Education 7. Occupation
Seven Fundamental "Global City" Hypotheses (Sassen: 2001)
1. Hypothesis of Economic Globalization 2. Hypothesis of the Global Control of Finance 3. Hypothesis of the New Geographies of Inequality 4. Hypothesis of the Global City as a Strategic Site for growth and development 5. Hypothesis of the Global City as a Site for Technological Innovation 6. Hypothesis of the Global City as a Cultural Nexus 7. Hypothesis of the Global City as a Site of Political Contestation
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEATH RATE DECLINE
1. Improved Healthcare 2. Disease Prevention and Control 3. Better Nutrition and Food Security 4. Safer Living and Working Conditions 5. Reduced Maternal and Child Mortality 6. Advancement in Sanitation and Access to Clean Water 7. Control of Non-Communicable Diseases 8. Behavioral and Lifestyle Changes 9. Socio-Economic Develoment 10. Access to Healthcare Services
Key Principles of Sustainable Development
1. Integration 2. Interdependence 3. Equity 4. Participation 5. Precaution
Global City serves as the key hub for IPFCI
1. International Business 2. Politics 3. Finance 4. Culture 5. Innovations
Early Development Ideas
1. Modernization Theory 2. Dependency Theory 3. Human Development Approach 4. Sustainable Development 5. U.N Concept of Development
FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY RATE
1. Socio-Economic Development 2. Access to Family Planning and Reproductive Health Services 3. Cultural and Social Norms 4. Urbanization 5. Government Policies 6. Infant and Child Mortality Rates 7. Women's Empowerment 8. Economic and Housing Factors
Global City
Alpha City" or "World Center" Primary node in the global economic network Urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages Important focal point Building blocks of globalization
FERTILITY RATE
Average number of children per woman.
Demography
Births, deaths and migration are the 'big three' of demography, jointly producing population stability or change.
GaWC Study
Cities are ranked by their connectivity through four "advanced producer services" : accountanct, banking/finance, law, and advertising
POLITICAL FACTORS
Conflict and Instability Government Policies Political Rights and Freedom
Alpha - City
Economies are still on a higher scale but aren't considered as highly integrated
Social and Economic Theories
Examine the influence of social and economic factors on population dynamics
Smith
Global City - Created, facilitated and enacted in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance
Sassen
Global City - Important focal point for business, global trade, finance, tourism, and globalization to exist
Alderson and Beckerfield
Global City - Primary mode in the global economic network
Brenner
Global City - Urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system
Sassen
Global city is a double-edge sword (1) it provides opportunities but at the same time (2) it also has its own dose of challenges.
Aging Population
Globalization also contributed to this demographic shift
Lifestyle Choices
If we adopt a healthy lifestyle including balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substance into our body
AT Kearney
Introduced Global Cities Index
REASONS FOR GLOBAL MIGRATION
POLITICAL - civil strife, wars and the need for Asylum ECONOMIC - in search for better opportunities ENVIRONMENTAL - disaster-driven migrations
Cultural Diversity
Since it attracts people from different parts of the world, it also attracts people from different cultural orientations.
International Immigrant
a person who is living in a country other than his or her country of birth.
Immigrating
act of entering a foreign country to live.
Emigrating
act of leaving a country to live in another.
Hypothesis of Economic Globalization
attract and concentrate advance consumer goods and services
Demographic Transition Theory
based on the presentation, this is the theory that provides as a general framework
Hypothesis of the New Geographies of Inequality
coexistence of the extreme wealth and extreme poverty
Education
contributes to the critical thinking skills
Job Beaverstock, Richard Smith, and Peter Taylor
created the Globaliztion and World Cities Research Network (GaWC)
Infant mortality rate
death prior to age 1
Child mortality rate
death prior to age 5
Hypothesis of the Global City as a Strategic Site for growth and development
embassies, consulates, and international organizations
Hypothesis of the Global City as a Cultural Nexus
emergence of new cultural trends
Epidemiologic Transition Theory
emphasizes the importance of health care sanitation and lifestyle factors
a total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman
ensures a broadly stable population
Hypothesis of the Global Control of Finance
exercise with due diligence financials regulations
MDG
focused on reducing poverty and hunger, improving health and education, promoting gender equality, and ensuring environmental sustainability.
Genetics
genetic factors can influence an individual's predisposition to certain diseases
According to Sassen
global city is a double-edge sword (1) it provides opportunities but at the same time (2) it also has its own dose of challenges.
Population Growth and Migration
globalization facilitated the movement of people across borders
Health and Disease
globalization has also affected the spread and management of deceases and health crisis like what happened 3 years ago, the covid-19 global pandemic
Cultural Exchange and Diversity
globalization has led to the intensification of human relationship from one community to another community
Alpha + City
highly integrated cities
Advancement in Sanitation and Access to Clean Water
if people will have universal access to clean drinking water, proper sanitation facilities, and hygiene education, it can significantly reduce the incident of waterborne disease and improve the overall health and well-being leading to a lower mortality
Socio-Economic Development
if there is enough economic growth and development in the community, that can lead to improvements in living standards, education
Control of Non-Communicable Diseases
if we have effective government policy and programs that promote prevention, early detection, and we have this improved management of health, particularly in the disadvantaged population, that can contribute to the decline of mortality rates
Safer Living and Working Conditions
improvements in workplace
Socio-economic Status
income, education level, and occupation
Hypothesis of the Global City as a Site for Technological Innovation
innovation and scientific breakthroughs
Demography
is the study of human population - their size, composition and distribution across space - and the process through which populations change.
Alpha City
link major economic states and regions to the world economy
Environmental Factors
living in a clean and safe environment can promote better health outcomes
Alpha ++ City
most integrated with the global economy
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
outside of their region
Environmental Refugees
people who have been forced to leave their traditional habitat, temporarily or permanently, because of a marked environmental disruption (natural and/or triggered by people) that jeopardizes their existence and/or seriously affects the quality of their life
Hypothesis of the Global City as a Site of Political Contestation
place for Political Contestation
Access to Healthcare Services
primary care, preventive services, and treatments for the acute and chronic conditions
Urbanization
rapid urban growth has led to the emergence of global cities or megacities
REGIONAL MIGRATION
referring to the movement of people within their neighboring countries
Global City
significant production point of specialized financial and producer services that make the globalized economy run
Improved Healthcare
there is an access to timely and effective medical treatment and services
Disease Prevention and Control
there is public health efforts aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases such as through vaccination programs, disease surveillance, and even sanitation measures
Economic Power
they have resources - they have highly developed and diverse economies which normally attracts the multinational corporations and even skilled professionals
Malthusian Theory
this is the theory that emphasizes the importance of controlling population growth through preventive measures
Access to Healthcare
those who with limited access to healthcare because of its availability, high cost, lack, poor health insurance policy on the part of the government
Population Aging Theory
underscore the need to adopt effective social policies in terms of health care, economic structures in order to address the needs and demands particularly of the aging population
What is a Global City?
urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system.
Reduced Maternal and Child Mortality
we need to improve maternal and child health that includes access to prenatal care, skilled birth attendants, as well as the provisions essential newborn care
Better Nutrition and Food Security
were talking about access to nutritious food and improve food security = that can also contributes to the better overall health and lower the risk of malnutrition related deaths and illness
Occupation
when people are exposed to hazardous risk, dangerous environment that can lead to increased health risk
Behavioral and Lifestyle Changes
when there is public health campaigns, educational health education initiatives that aims at promoting a healthier lifestyle that includes smoking cessation, regular physical activities, balanced diet or nutrition
Social Cost associated with Global Immigration
• Job competition • Strain in public services • Cultural tension • Crime and security • Social isolation
FACTORS THAT AFFECT BIRTH RATE DECLINE LIRE
• Lifestyle factors • Increase in sexually transmitted diseases • Rise in obesity • Environmental factors involved in urbanization and urban lifestyle that are affecting fertility
DEMOGRAPHY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO GLOBALIZATION PAU CH
• Population Growth and Migration • Aging Population • Urbanization • Cultural Exchange and Diversity • Health and Disease
TRENDS IN MIGRATION
• There is a continuous growth of international migrants across the world. • High income countries host 64% of all international migrants while 36% reside in low & middle income countries. • Analyzing data by geographic region provides more access and information to study current trends
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
• the ability of the present generations to meet their present needs without compromising the ability of the future generations to manage and realize their own needs • a development that meets the current generation's needs without compromising the needs of the future generations
