Global final

Which individual is most closely associated with south america gaining their independence (1) Emiliano Zapata (2) Simón Bolívar (3) Porfirio Díaz (4) Pancho Villa

2

what was the first civilization of america

Olmec

In which way did the geographic diversity of Latin America affect newly independent countries? (1) limiting the military power of Creoles (2) forcing the Church to guarantee land reform (3) making political unity difficult (4) necessitating a reliance on Spain

3

One effect of the encomienda system in Latin America was that it (1) eliminated the use of guilds (2) promoted isolationism (3) exploited indigenous peoples (4) reduced Spanish influence

3

The Aztec, Inca, and Maya civilizations all achieved great progress in developing (1) a written language and great literature (2) strong naval forces (3) the arts and architecture (4) a monotheistic religion

3

true or false; south america has diverse climate zones that lead to cultural diversity

true

A major reason that the Spanish were able to conquer the peoples of the Americas was the 1 military technology of the Spanish conquerors 2 inability of the native peoples to adapt to Spanish culture 3 enforced slavery of the native peoples by the Spanish 4 unified resistance of native peoples to Spanish demands

1

A major reason that the Spanish were able to conquer the peoples of the Americas was the 1 military technology of the Spanish conquerors 2 inability of the native peoples to adapt to Spanish culture 3 enforced slavery of the native peoples by the Spanish 4 unified resistance of native peoples to Spanish demands

1

Base your answers to the following questions on the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies. MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA 1790-1828 Based on a comparison of these maps of South America, which conclusion is accurate? (1) Many regions of South America gained their independence between 1790 and 1828. (2) All of South America was independent by 1828. (3) Spain continued to gain South American colonies in the 19th century. (4) Between 1790 and 1828, South American political boundaries remained unchanged except for Brazil.

1

Between 1540 and 1580, what happened to the native population of Central Mexico? (1) It decreased by approximately 6 million people. (2) It increased to a high of 26 million people. (3) It increased by approximately 2 million people per year. (4) It decreased to 8 million people.

1

During the 1800s, many Latin American countries were characterized by a (1) reliance on cash crops (2) transition to command economies (3) redistribution of land to the peasants (4) withdrawal from the world market

1

During the 19th century, the economies in most Latin American countries relied primarily on the export of (1) cash crops (2) service jobs (3) hydroelectric power (4) factory-made goods

1

Inca terrace farming and Aztec floating gardens are examples of (1) the ability of civilizations to adapt to their region's physical geography (2) slash-and-burn farming techniques (3) Mesoamerican art forms symbolizing the importance of agriculture (4) colonial economic policies that harmed Latin American civilizations

1

One similarity in the actions of Simón Bolívar and Napoleon Bonaparte is that both leaders (1) encouraged nationalism (2) relied on diplomatic negotiations (3) established a representative form of government (4) rebelled against imperialism

1

The encomienda system, the latifundia form of land ownership, and the office of viceroy are all closely associated with (1) Spanish rule in Latin America (2) pre-Columbian practices of Native Americans (3) attempts to halt the drug trade in South America (4) reduction of trade barriers in the Western Hemisphere

1

The expeditions of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro resulted in the (1) destruction of the Aztec and Inca empires (2) capture of Brazil by Portugal (3) colonization of North America by Portugal (4) exploration of the Philippines and East Indies

1

The social class system in Latin America during the 16th and 17th centuries reflects the (1) dominance of Spanish-born nobility (2) emerging equality between classes (3) influence of mestizo economic power (4) increasing social mobility of Native American Indians

1

What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec Empire? (1) The Spanish soldiers made effective use of their military technology against the Aztecs. (2) Aztec religious beliefs promoted nonviolence. (3) Spain joined the Incas in their fight against the Aztecs. (4) The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the Aztec warriors.

1

Which geographic factor most limited the growth of Latin American unity of the early 19th century? (1) the region's diverse landforms (2) most of the region's rivers flowed north to south (3) the region's location close to the equator (4) the region's lack of natural resources

1

Which geographic feature made it difficult to unify South America? (1) Andes Mountains (2) Straits of Magellan (3) Gulf of Mexico (4) Argentinian pampas

1

Which social class controlled most of the political, economic, and social power in colonial Latin America? (1) peninsulares (3) creoles (2) mestizos (4) native people

1

Which statement accurately reflects population changes that occurred as a result of the Age of Exploration? (1) Most Latin American populations became more culturally diverse. (2) One third of Europe's population died due to exposure to diseases from the Americas. (3) The introduction of goods from the Americas caused a decline in Asian populations. (4) Native Americans migrated to Africa causing increases in African populations.

1

Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans? (1) The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth. (2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague. (3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs. (4) Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined.

1

Which term is defined as land grants and taxation policies used in colonial Latin America by the Spanish to provide labor in the fields? (1) encomienda system (3) Middle Passage (2) mercantilism (4) capitalism

1

Why is Catholicism a major religion practiced in Latin America? (1) Spain conquered and colonized much of Latin America. (2) Disputes over international boundaries within Latin America were settled by the pope. (3) The traditional beliefs of Africans were incorporated into the cultures of Latin America. (4) The Church provided Latin America with a strong central government.

1

A study of Aztec, Maya, and Inca agricultural systems would show that these civilizations (1) relied on mechanized agricultural techniques (2) carried on extensive food trade with each other (3) adapted to their environments with creative farming techniques (4) relied on a single-crop economy

2

During the 15th century, which two European countries began sea voyages of exploration? (1) Germany and Italy (3) England and France (2) Portugal and Spain (4) Russia and the Netherlands

2

How did the Inca adapt to their physical environment? (1) They built large fishing fleets to feed their populations. (2) They built footbridges that connected their roads across the Andes. (3) They established extensive trade agreements with Europe. (4) They raised cattle and horses on the pampas.

2

Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Toussaint l'Ouverture are important in Latin American history because they were (1) 20th-century caudillos (2) leaders of liberation movements (3) members of the Organization of American States (OAS) (4) winners of the Nobel Peace Prize

2

The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing system both illustrate that pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas (1) traded extensively with Africa (2) flourished prior to European contact (3) declined because of invasion and disease (4) converted others to Islam

2

The encomienda system in Latin America was a direct result of the (1) Crusades (2) Age of Exploration (3) Reformation (4) Age of Reason

2

The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas is known as the (1) Scientific Revolution (3) New Imperialism (2) Columbian Exchange (4) Middle Passage

2

The term "mercantilism" is defined as an economic system in which (1) prices are determined by the laws of supply and demand (2) colonies exist for the benefit of the colonial power (3) factors of production are owned by the government (4) the proletariat benefit at the expense of the bourgeoisie

2

What was a major result of the European policy of mercantilism in Latin America? (1) increased status of indigenous peoples (2) exploitation of labor and natural resources by Europeans 3) decrease in the power of European monarchs ( 4) reinvestment of profits to benefit the local colonial economy

2

Which event came first in Latin American history? (1) Panama regained control of the Panama Canal. (2) Simón Bolívar established Gran Colombia. (3) Fidel Castro became the communist leader of Cuba. (4) The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed by Mexico, Canada, and the United States.

2

• Toussaint L'Ouverture • Bernardo O'Higgins • José de San Martín These individuals had their greatest impact on the (1) unification of Italy (2) independence movements in Latin America (3) Zionist movement (4) Catholic Counter Reformation

2

". . . Give Venezuela such an executive power in the person of a president chosen by the people or their representatives, and you will have taken a great step toward national happiness. No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law. If he attempts to infringe upon the law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating him from the Republic, and they will even bring charges against him in the Senate. The ministers, being responsible for any transgressions committed, will actually govern, since they must account for their actions. . . ." — Simón Bolívar, 1819 In this passage, which type of government is Simón Bolívar proposing for Venezuela? (1) theocracy (2) monarchy (3) democracy (4) dictatorship

3

A major reason for the end of the Aztec Empire was (1) the refusal of the people to obey their leaders (2) a conflict with the Inca Empire (3) the technology of the Spanish conquistadors (4) political corruption and an unstable government

3

After contact with Europeans in the 1500s, millions of native peoples in the Americas died as a result of (1) new foods, which the native peoples could not digest (2) religious persecution resulting from the Spanish Inquisition (3) new diseases to which the native peoples had no natural immunity (4) slavery and the terrible conditions on their sea journey to Europe

3

Between 1500 and 1750, which commercial products were produced on Latin American plantations using enslaved laborers? (1) corn and squash (3) sugar and tobacco. (2) bananas and tea (4) potatoes and wool.

3

During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the (1) Gupta Empire (3) Age of Exploration (2) Mongol Empire (4) medieval guilds

3

In the traditional Hindu caste system and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America, the status of a person was usually determined by (1) education (3) birth (2) wealth (4) power

3

The fall of the Aztec Empire, the encomienda system, and the missionary work of the Roman Catholic Church are all associated with (1) ethnic tensions in the Balkans (2) oil politics in the Middle East (3) colonialism in Latin America (4) migration in sub-Saharan Africa Which term is defined as land grants and taxation policies used in colonial Latin America by the Spanish to provide labor in the fields? (1) encomienda system (3) Middle Passage (2) mercantilism (4) capitalism

3

Under the policy of mercantilism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be (1) independent nations that traded throughout the world (2) independent nations that had special relationships with European powers (3) possessions to benefit the imperial power (4) possessions being prepared for independence

3

What was one effect of the Latin American revolutions of the 19th century? (1) Democracy became the dominant political system in Latin America. (2) European colonialism replaced the independent governments of Latin America. (3) Many Latin American countries achieved independence. (4) Countries in Latin America deported most people with European ancestry

3

Which statement about the Columbian exchange is a fact rather than an opinion? (1) The Columbian exchange had a positive effect on the Americas. (2) The Columbian exchange benefited Europe more than it benefited the Americas. (3) The Columbian exchange brought new foods and products to Europe and the Americas. (4) The Columbian exchange created a modern Europe.

3

Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration? (1) England encouraged free trade among its colonies. (2) Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies. (3) Portugal sought trade benefits from its colonial possessions. (4) France refused to give financial support to weak national industries.

3

Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration? (1) England encouraged free trade among its colonies. (2) Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies. (3) Portugal sought trade benefits from its colonial possessions. (4) France refused to give financial support to weak national industries.

3

One similarity of the Aztec, Maya, and Inca empires is that they (1) developed in fertile river valleys (2) maintained democratic political systems (3) coexisted peacefully with neighboring empires (4) created complex civilizations

4

The Spanish encomienda system established in the Spanish colonies of Latin America was most similar to European (1) guild systems (2) joint stock companies (3) subsistence agriculture (4) feudal land grants

4

Toussaint L'Ouverture, Simón Bolívar, and José de San Martín led independence movements in (1) the Middle East (3) South Asia (2) western Africa (4) Latin America

4

What was one goal of mercantilism? (1) removal of trade barriers (2) elimination of private property (3) establishment of subsistence agriculture (4) creation of a favorable balance of trade

4

Which continent's economic and political development has been influenced by the Andes Mountains and the Amazon River? (1) Asia (2) Africa (3) Europe (4) South America

4

Which geographic feature had the greatest influence on the development of the Inca Empire? (1) deserts (2) irregular coastline (3) river valleys (4) mountains

4

Which region's colonial class structure included peninsulares, creoles, and mestizos? (1) western Europe (3) East Asia (2) sub-Saharan Africa (4) Latin America

4

Which statement about the encomienda system during the 16th and 17th centuries is accurate? (1) Aztec and Inca civilizations prospered. (2) Life expectancy among Native American populations increased. (3) Spanish influence declined in its colonies. (4) Many Native Americans were forced to labor on large estates.

4

Which statement best explains the population decrease in south america? (1) Native beliefs included human sacrifice. (2) Tribal warfare raged during this time period. (3) Native traditions encouraged polygamy. (4) Europeans brought diseases to Latin America.

4

Olmec achievements

calendar,temples, cultural diffusion, writing

how is the ecomienda system similar to fuedilasim

created a class structure in which-landowners held power

which civilization had no writing

inca

Cause of Latin American Revolution

social inequality,invasion, enlightenment