GMOs MOD 5- Practice exam

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Wheat plants have been modified to increase the rate of photosynthesis to decrease the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere in response to the global concern of

climate change.

Small, circular pieces of DNA found in bacterial cells that can be manipulated in developing GMOs are known as

plasmids

The function of DNA is to

provide life sustaining properties to cells.

The World Health Organization defines a GMO organism as one that has had its genetic information altered

in a way that would not occur in nature.

By making plants that are insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant there has been

in increase in yield of approximatley 25%.

Which process provides the nucleotides that are found within a gene or a targeted area of the genome?

DNA sequencing

Why would a researcher use PCR?

PCR allows a researcher to make many copies of the same gene.

Which of the following statements best explains the primary role of photosynthesis in plant nutrition?

Photosynthesis takes solar energy and converts it into the chemical potential energy of carbohydrates.

In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants, the _____ stage produces diploid cells and the ______ stage produces haploid cells

Sporophyte; gametophyte

Plants genetically modified with the Bt gene

are more pest resistant.

In gene expression ______ is creating mRNA from DNA; and ______ is creating a protein from the mRNA.

transcription; translation

The modern era of genetic manipulation began when scientists first learned how to insert genes into

bacteria

Since the success of Flavr-savr tomatoes, there has been a

growing trend to produce more GMOs in agriculture.

The movement of genes between species is termed

horizontal gene transfer.

Genome editing can be accomplished by using

CRISPR

Identify the characteristics that describe the sporophyte phase of the plant life cycle. Check all that apply.

Diploid

Which of the following best explains the difference between selective breeding and genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering involves directly manipulating the DNA of organisms, whereas selective breeding makes use of existing, naturally present variation and the process of sexual reproduction.

How does RNAi silence specific genes in plants?

RNAi binds to specific mRNA sequences, targeting them for disposal.

The testing and release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), in particular GM plants, is tightly regulated internationally to prevent any negative effects on the environment or human health. Which of the following statements support researchers' use of cisgenic organisms?

The genome of a cisgenic plant, like the genome of a traditionally bred plant, is not altered with DNA from a different species.

Photosynthesis consists of two chemical reactions, the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions. What is the cellular function of CO2 in the photosynthesis reaction?

The source of carbon used to build carbohydrates

The PCR process requires three steps. In the first step, the temperature is usually set at 95˚C because this is the optimum temperature for the

denaturing of the DNA double strands.

The process of using the information contained within a gene to produce a protein is known as

gene expression.

Which of the following is considered the most primitive group of plants?

mosses

In the first GMO experiment, researchers genetically modified E. coli by giving the bacteria the gene it needed to

provide antibiotic resistance.

Flavr-savr ______ were the first GMO that were approved by the FDA for human consumption.

tomatoes

Genes