gov
What is the maximum amount of money an individual may contribute to any one candidate in any single election? $1,000 $12,000 $5,000 $2,300
$2,300
Since the passage of the 2002 Campaign Finance law, individuals may donate a maximum of ____ to any single candidate; a political action committee may donate ____ to each candidate. $1,000; $25,000 $100,000; $500,000 $10,000; $50,000 $2,300; $5,000
$2,300; $5,000
A ______________ is a nonprofit independent group that receives and disburses funds to influence elections. Political Action Committee campaign coordinating committee 527 committee political party
527 committee
Turnout in the 2008 presidential election set a modern record, with ____________ of eligible citizens voting. 68 percent 72 percent 62 percent 52 percent
62 percent
In most European countries, national voter turnout is usually 50-60 percent. 70-90 percent. 40-60 percent. 50-70 percent.
70-90 percent.
The heads of major government departments and agencies collectively make up the Executive Office of the President. National Security Council. Kitchen Cabinet. Cabinet.
Cabinet.
The President's ability to bypass the Senate and create foreign policy directly through the use of executive agreements was limited by Congress in 1972 with the passage of the Case Act. War Powers Act. Hatch Act. Congressional Budget and Impoundment Act.
Case Act.
According to the textbook, one reason why Congress has been unable to check the growth of presidential power is that __________ Congress has a significant collective-action problem. Congress is too polarized. the Constitution does not allow Congress to limit the president. the Supreme Court keeps striking down their efforts.
Congress has a significant collective-action problem.
How did regulated federalism change the relationship between the states and national governments? Congress allocated funds to only support areas such as border control and airport safety. Congress allocated funds to states that had the highest poverty rate. Congress created non-binding laws for the states to follow in regard to immigration. Congress imposed legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards.
Congress imposed legislation on states and localities, requiring them to meet national standards.
(Ch. 15)The modern Supreme Court has nine members because a)Article III of the Constitution requires the Court to have nine justices who serve during good behavior. b)Congress set the size of the Court at nine members. c)the president decided, in consultation with the Senate, that nine was an appropriate number for the Supreme Court. d)Marbury v. Madison determined nine as the proper size for the Supreme Court.
Congress set the size of the Court at nine members.
The Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) was a Massachusetts colonial policy that declared that the Puritans would no longer be the official state church guidelines issued by the University of Virginia that allowed student activity funding to go to student religious clubs Congress's attempt to overturn Supreme Court decisions regarding free exercise of religion a court ruling that allowed for student-initiated prayer
Congress's attempt to overturn Supreme Court decisions regarding free exercise of religion
According to the authors of your textbook, all of the following except which one are influences from inside government that help determine how congress people vote? Party leadership Constituents The President Congressional colleagues
Constituents
Which of the following is an example of a professional association? IBM People for the American Way American Medical Association Sierra Club
American Medical Association
Today, ____ seem to view the courts as useful instruments through which to pursue their goals. representatives of minority interest groups conservatives, but not liberals state attorneys general Americans of all political persuasions
Americans of all political persuasions
The first governing document in the United States was the Bill of Rights. Constitution. Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. Declaration of Independence.
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union.
What is a major problem with federalism and unfunded mandates? Unfunded mandates lacked proper legislation for the executive branch to enforce. State and local governments were given no guidelines on how to spend the funds. The U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear cases from the states to challenge the constitutionality of unfunded mandates. Costs were imposed on state and local governments for which they were not reimbursed from the national government.
Costs were imposed on state and local governments for which they were not reimbursed from the national government.
How can a bill become a law without the signature of the president? If the House and Senate vote to allow the president only to exercise a "pocket" or symbolic veto. They cannot; the president must sign all laws. If the House and Senate override the president's veto through majority vote If the House and Senate override the president's veto through a two-thirds majority
If the House and Senate override the president's veto through a two-thirds majority
__________ is the formal charge by the House of Representatives that a government official has committed "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." Impeachment Censure Cloture Investigation
Impeachment
In 1996, how did Congress change welfare for the states? It changed welfare from a combined federal-state program into a block grant for the states. It revised welfare from a project grant to a formula grant. It changed welfare programs from grants-in-aid to categorical grants. It required the federal government to approve all welfare checks.
It changed welfare from a combined federal-state program into a block grant for the states.
Most of the framers of the Constitution opposed choosing the president by way of a direct, popular election. Why did they oppose this method of presidential selection? It could potentially make the presidency too powerful. It would be unfair. It could potentially make the presidency too weak. It would be un-democratic.
It could potentially make the presidency too powerful.
Andrew Jackson was the founder of which political party? Whig Republican Democratic Federalist
Democratic
Currently, young people in America are most likely to support the _______________ Party. Republican Democratic Tea Reform
Democratic
From the Civil War to the 1960s, the south was a stronghold for which political party? Republican Federalist Libertarian Democratic
Democratic
A push poll might include a question with the following wording: Are you more likely to think ideologically when you vote? Do you think it was appropriate for President Bush to lie to start a war with Iraq? Do you approve of President Obama's choice of Secretary of State? How often do you attend religious services?
Do you think it was appropriate for President Bush to lie to start a war with Iraq?
What was the impact of the 2002 Campaign Finance Reform law? It limited the role of independent spending by tax-exempt organizations. It significantly reduced the importance of money in campaigns. It increased the role of money in campaigns. It reduced the role of parties in financing campaigns.
It reduced the role of parties in financing campaigns.
The inherent gulf between the rich and the poor was considered by ____________ to be the most prevalent source of conflict in political life. James Madison Ronald Reagan Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bill Clinton
James Madison
Which of the following American wars was approved of by Congress through a resolution and not a formal declaration of war? World War II Mexican-American War Korean War World War I
Korean War
Which of the following groups has been considered the sleeping giant for many years because of its relatively low levels of political mobilization? union members African Americans seniors Latinos
Latinos
Party leaders are able to create party unity through which resources? Leadership PACs, committee assignments, and the whip system Their ability to deny their party's nomination to members Closed rules and cloture Oversight hearings, executive agreement, and impeachment
Leadership PACs, committee assignments, and the whip system
The exclusionary rule was established in which Supreme Court case? Mapp v. Ohio Roe v. Wade Dickinson v. United States Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
(Ch. 15)Which of the following court cases set the precedent for judicial review? Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Marbury v. Madison (1803) Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Judicial review was established in the case of ____ Marbury v. Madison. McCulloch v. Maryland. Gibbons v. Ogden. Brown v. Board of Education.
Marbury v. Madison.
The Second Amendment right to bear arms was applied to the states via selective incorporation in Lawrence v. Texas Heller v. District of Columbia McDonald v. Chicago Brady v. National Rifle Association
McDonald v. Chicago
The Second Amendment right to bear arms was applied to the states via selective incorporation in McDonald v. Chicago. Lawrence v. Texas. Heller v. District of Columbia. Brady v. National Rifle Association.
McDonald v. Chicago.
The theory that suggests that the most reliable strategy for a politician looking to get re-elected is to adopt the preferences of the median voter is known as Arrow's Theorem. Duverger's Law. Median Voter Theorem. Campaigning to the Middle.
Median Voter Theorem.
The textbook authors argue that, today, every president is strong. What do the authors mean by this? You must be charismatic to be nominated president. Presidential candidates tend to be tall. Modern presidents ignore Congress. Modern presidents have more institutional resources than presidents before them.
Modern presidents have more institutional resources than presidents before them.
Which of the following is false about the Three-fifths Compromise? Five slaves would count as three free persons when considering states' representation in the House of Representatives. Only three-fifths of all slaves were allowed to vote in national elections. The compromise created an acceptable middle ground between slave and free states. It had nothing to do with the number of senators a state would possess for representation in the Senate.
Only three-fifths of all slaves were allowed to vote in national elections.
During the earliest years of the United States, who nominated the candidates for president? Members of the major political parties chose their own nominees. Nominations were controlled by each party's congressional caucus. State legislatures selected one candidate from each party. Political machine bosses controlled the entire nominating process.
Political machine bosses controlled the entire nominating process.
Which of the following is an example of inherent presidential powers? President Bush proposing a new Social Security policy President Bush appointing a nominee for the U.S. Supreme Court President Lincoln mobilizing troops at the outbreak of the Civil War President Clinton ordering the Environmental Protection Agency to step up enforcement of clean air regulations
President Lincoln mobilizing troops at the outbreak of the Civil War
Expenditure limits are placed on presidential candidates who accept funding from which of the following sources? Presidential Election Campaign Fund individuals candidate's personal funds PACs
Presidential Election Campaign Fund
_______________ liberties place restraints on how government is supposed to act, while ____________ liberties limits what the government has the power to do. Procedural; substantive Substantive; private Personal; procedural Individual; natural
Procedural; substantive
Dollree Mapp was convicted through evidence obtained through an illegal police search. What happened in her case? She was convicted and lost her appeal. She was convicted, but the police department was fined. The Supreme Court ruled that the illegal evidence could not be used in court. She was allowed a new trial in which her lawyers could bring up the illegal nature of the evidence against her.
The Supreme Court ruled that the illegal evidence could not be used in court.
Which amendment provides for the vice president to assume the presidency in the event of the chief executive's death or incapacity and sets forth the procedures that would be followed? The Nineteenth Amendment The Eleventh Amendment The Twenty-fifth Amendment There is no such amendment.
The Twenty-fifth Amendment
Members of a social group often have similar political beliefs because of all the following except: Groups frequently endeavor to structure their members' political views through educational programs, meetings, rallies, and other activities. They share objective political interests. Individuals may consciously or unconsciously adapt their views to those of the groups with which they identify. They feel a sense of individualism.
They feel a sense of individualism.
Why is the idea of "states' rights" significant to understanding the historical relationship between the state and national governments? The states' rights perspective was used by the U.S. Supreme Court to advance a unitary system. The states' rights perspective was at the center of the dispute between southern and northern states prior to the Civil War. The states' rights perspective was used by the U.S. Supreme Court to resolve interstate commerce issues in favor of the New Deal. The states' rights perspective was used during the Constitutional convention to justify a federal government.
The states' rights perspective was at the center of the dispute between southern and northern states prior to the Civil War.
A party caucus is a closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters. a bipartisan association of interest groups. a closed and bipartisan meeting of government officials to plan electoral strategies or select a legislative leader. an open meeting of the electorate used by parties and interest groups to plan their legislative strategy.
a closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters.
According to the authors, President Obama's margin of victory in the 2012 election was built on a coalition of women, working-class voters and minority voters in several key battleground states. the inspiring rhetoric of his generation's most gifted political communicator. the blunders and gaffes of Mitt Romney. the fact that evangelical voters stayed home rather than support a Mormon candidate.
a coalition of women, working-class voters and minority voters in several key battleground states.
Which of the following elections is most likely to have high voter turnout? an election with only one well-respected candidate running an election with an incumbent candidate a competitive election with two well-funded candidates a one-sided election that favors a female candidate
a competitive election with two well-funded candidates
We call someone who enjoys the benefit of a collective good without paying the cost a pluralist an iron triangle a free rider a roustabout
a free rider
When Congress passes sweeping legislation, it often delegates significant power to the executive branch, which gives the president limited authority to rewrite significant parts of the bill. the power to decide whether or not to enforce the law through executive privilege. a great deal of discretion in the way the law is implemented. the power to nullify the law through executive order.
a great deal of discretion in the way the law is implemented.
If a president claims that his or her election victory amounts to an order from the American people to enact new economic policies, he or she is claiming a mandate. the spoils of victory. a convention. powers reserved to Congress.
a mandate.
(Ch. 15)Senatorial courtesy refers to a)a norm whereby senators consult with their constituents before voting on the confirmation of a Supreme Court justice. b)a norm whereby the president consults senators of his party from a state where he is appointing a district court judge. c)the selective legal immunity of senators. d)the norm whereby presidents pardon senators who have been charged with crimes.
a norm whereby the president consults senators of his party from a state where he is appointing a district court judge.
A party platform is the stage that candidate use at their national convention. the slate of candidates that a political party puts forward to compete in an election. a party document, written at a national convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and positions on issues. the various policy initiatives that local candidates adopt during their campaigns for the party nomination.
a party document, written at a national convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and positions on issues.
The decision to run for Congress represents a local choice; local business and community leaders choose and fund candidates. a party choice; party leaders choose candidates from among their members. a leadership decision; the Speaker of the House and Majority Leader select candidates to run in individual districts. a personal choice; candidates choose to run based on their own individual ambition and their ability to raise enough money to mount a credible campaign.
a personal choice; candidates choose to run based on their own individual ambition and their ability to raise enough money to mount a credible campaign.
Which of the following is not an important principle of American democracy? a. corporate personhood. b. majority rule, minority rights c. popular sovereignty d. limited government
a
Which of the following issues has been considered by the Supreme Court under the right to privacy doctrine established in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)? gun ownership double jeopardy abortion school prayer
abortion
Direct democracy includes all of the following except recall. popular initiatives. advise and consent. ballot referenda.
advise and consent.
Which of the following groups tend to wield outsized influence over policy makers? affluent and educated poor and educated affluent and uneducated poor and uneducated
affluent and educated
Which of the following is an agent of socialization? education social groups all of the above the family
all of the above
(Ch. 15)Which of the following is a brief submitted to the Supreme Court by someone other than one of the parties in the case? habeas corpus solicitor general amicus curiae ex post brief
amicus curiae
Which of the following is a brief filed in court? iron triangle amicus curiae initiative PAC
amicus curiae
Appropriations are the resources available to higher officials, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, licenses, or special favors to supporters. amount of money, approved by Congress in statutes, that each unit or agency can spend. process, occurring after every decennial census, that allocates congressional seats among the 50 states. sessions in which a congressional committee rewrites legislation to incorporate changes discussed during hearings on the bill.
amount of money, approved by Congress in statutes, that each unit or agency can spend.
What is a closed primary? an election in which voters can participate in the selection of party leaders an election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates, but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to the Election Day an election limited to candidates who have previously held political office an election limited to elected leaders
an election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates, but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to the Election Day
Which of the following are the requisite parts of a so-called iron triangle? an interest group, the president, and Congress state, local, and federal governments the president, the secretary of defense, and the secretary of state an executive agency, a congressional committee or subcommittee, and an interest group
an executive agency, a congressional committee or subcommittee, and an interest group
Presidents George Herbert Walker Bush and Bill Clinton negotiated the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Instead of treating that agreement like a treaty, Clinton submitted it for a simple majority vote of Congress. What President Clinton did was an executive-congressional agreement. illegal. an executive order. a sole executive agreement.
an executive-congressional agreement.
Representatives make decisions about public policy in an indirect democracy. an elite democracy. a direct democracy. a popular democracy.
an indirect democracy.
In 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that the Second Amendment protects citizen participation in militias. gun collections as private property. state prohibitions on firearms. an individual's right to possess a firearm for private use.
an individual's right to possess a firearm for private use.
When items are put on the ballot, bypassing the state's legislature, that is known as an initiative. a Political Action Committee. a poll. an amicus curiae brief.
an initiative.
Presidential high-level political appointments are an institutional resource of presidential power. a congressional management tool to help keep the president in check. permanent—they can never be removed from office. made by Congress.
an institutional resource of presidential power.
Which of the following is the best description of a political party? an organization established by the Constitution to nominate candidates an organization that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office an organization that was considered seditious until the twentieth century an organization that influences government policies through fund-raising
an organization that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office
The Bill of Rights mollified concerns about conflict between branches of the federal government. blurring the political lines between the branches of government. an overly powerful central government. the weakness of government, exemplified by Shays's Rebellion.
an overly powerful central government.
Members of Congress are most likely to listen to the interest groups that are connected to the constituents in the member's district. are the most experienced at lobbying members of Congress. donate the most money to their campaign. have the support of President.
are connected to the constituents in the member's district.
Impeachment proceedings are highly political. are conducted by the Supreme Court to remove the influence of electoral politics. are conducted by a special prosecutor. are extremely legalistic.
are highly political.
The gender gap refers to the fact that females vote at lower rates than males. are more likely than males to support Republican candidates. vote at higher rates than males. are more likely than males to support Democratic candidates.
are more likely than males to support Democratic candidates.
Personal income taxes were the source of discord between the Federalists and Antifederalists. were the main source of revenue for both the British before the Revolution and in the early states afterward. poisoned the colonists' attitudes toward the king before the Revolution. are recent phenomena for governments, arising in the twentieth century.
are recent phenomena for governments, arising in the twentieth century.
How many amendments to the Constitution have been successfully ratified? around 50 around 10 around 30 none
around 30
In their fight against British taxes such as the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act of 1764, New England merchants allied with which of the following groups? artisans, southern planters, and laborers sympathizers in Parliament laborers only Antifederalists
artisans, southern planters, and laborers
The practice of push polling involves asking loaded questions to subtly shape the respondent's opinion. pushing politicians to adopt policy proposals they would not otherwise adopt. calling people during dinnertime to ensure that as many people as possible will be home. telemarketers pretending to be pollsters to push their products.
asking loaded questions to subtly shape the respondent's opinion.
In grassroots lobbying, interest groups file suits in state and local courts. attempt to involve the general citizen and voter. deal directly with low-level bureaucrats. deal directly with junior members of Congress.
attempt to involve the general citizen and voter.
In 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution, which attempted to limit the president's use of troops in military action without congressional approval. was necessary because of the increased threat of nuclear war. attempted to bestow all military power to Congress. attempted to extend the president's power over the military and to establish a pseudo monarchy.
attempted to limit the president's use of troops in military action without congressional approval.
Which of the following political activities is most common among Americans? volunteering for a campaign posting a campaign sign in one's yard wearing a campaign button attending a local community meeting
attending a local community meeting
Political socialization includes all of the following except participating in mock debates. saying the Pledge of Allegiance. participating in mock elections. attending church.
attending church.
The power to __________________________ can be categorized as a judicial power of the president. appoint federal judges propose legislation issue pardons veto legislation
issue pardons
The national convention is important to the power of the presidency because it makes the Congress more responsive to the president. it immediately transforms the office of the president. it gives the presidency a popular base that eventually supports increased presidential power. it makes the president more responsive to Congress.
it gives the presidency a popular base that eventually supports increased presidential power.
The Supreme Court ruling in United States v. Lopez is important because the Court found that citizens could not bring racial discrimination suits against state governments. it was the first time that the Court had ever used the Tenth Amendment to limit the power of Congress. it was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress under the commerce clause. the court found the line-item veto to be unconstitutional.
it was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress under the commerce clause.
(Ch. 15)Which of the following concepts is the least related to the other concepts? precedent stare decisis judicial review Let the decision stand.
judicial review
What is the term for a court's sphere of power and authority? jurisdiction influence standing domain
jurisdiction
(Ch. 15)Establishing the court that has the power to hear and decide a particular case is called jurisdiction. codification. mediation. arbitration.
jurisdiction.
The AFL-CIO is an example of a labor union. citizens group. business. professional association.
labor union.
____ refers to a system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference competitive capitalism anti-capitalism laissez-faire capitalism bourgeois capitalism
laissez-faire capitalism
Compared to Europeans, Americans are ____ supportive of income redistribution. never equally less more
less
According to your textbook, reforms enacted in the 1970s to make Congress more accessible have made Congress more willing to compromise on important issues. available to the broad American public. less effective and more susceptible to special interests. more likely to defer policy making to the President.
less effective and more susceptible to special interests.
The President Pro Tempore in Senate is _________ the majority and minority leaders. less powerful than chosen by just as powerful as more powerful than
less powerful than
(Ch. 15)Which of the following is not included in the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? a)cases brought by one state against citizens of another state or against a foreign country b)cases involving foreign ambassadors or other ministers c)cases between two or more states d)cases involving challenges to the constitutionality of state laws
cases involving challenges to the constitutionality of state laws
Some people favor the use of caucuses to select party nominees because caucuses increase the influence of the media. caucuses have higher participation. caucus participants tend to be more knowledgeable. caucuses are quicker and easier, an important advantage for those with busy schedules.
caucus participants tend to be more knowledgeable.
Opinion assignment when he or she is in the majority is an important power of the ____. Speaker of the House associate justice president chief justice
chief justice
Each _____ court exercises _____ jurisdiction over cases heard by the district courts within its region. circuit; appellate criminal; trial state; federal supreme: original
circuit; appellate
The Second Amendment was originally associated with citizen participation in militias. individual gun ownership. property rights. right to privacy.
citizen participation in militias.
(Ch. 15)A ____ is a legal action by which a group of individuals with common interests can file a suit on behalf of everyone who shares that interest. summary judgment suit class-action suit amicus curiae suit public-action suit
class-action suit
In the House of Representatives, a bill's supporters generally prefer a(n) ____________ rule, which puts severe limits on floor debate and amendments. open binding closed restrictive
closed
An election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates, but only of the party in which they are enrolled, is a(n) open primary. plurality vote. runoff election. closed primary.
closed primary.
The Supreme Court upheld a state university ban on Tupperware parties in college dormitories, upheld laws prohibiting the electronic media from carrying cigarette advertising, and upheld a Puerto Rico statute restricting the advertising of casino gambling. These are examples of restrictions on libel and slander. commercial speech. fighting words. symbolic speech.
commercial speech.
. In Congress, seniority — the length of time one has served in the House or Senate — usually determines committee chairs. campaign contributions. media coverage. speaking time.
committee chairs.
In general, the purpose of the congressional whip system is communications. staffing. to discipline congress members who break party unity. to make committee assignments.
communications.
A group of senators or representatives who join together because they share certain opinions, interests, or social characteristics is the definition of congressional caucuses. voting blocks. sociological groups. congressional lobbies.
congressional caucuses.
Justices appointed by presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush have moved the Court in a more ____ direction on issues, including affirmative action and abortion. neutral liberal conservative moderate
conservative
A politician who opposes abortions, government regulation of business, and gay rights legislation would be best described as a conservative. liberal. socialist. libertarian.
conservative.
If you prefer smaller government, you are probably a Democrat. socialist. liberal. conservative.
conservative.
Protestants tend to be politically ____________. apathetic. liberal. moderate. conservative.
conservative.
Selective incorporation considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the federal government through the Fourteenth Amendment. considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. determined that only the First Amendment was made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. determined that all the provisions of the Bill of Rights were made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
In what kind of case does the plaintiff charge that it has suffered because of another's violation of a specific agreement between the two? criminal contract administrative tort
contract
What kind of federalism is created through categorical grants? coercive federalism cooperative federalism dual federalism picket fence federalism
cooperative federalism
What is the difference between a totalitarian government and an authoritarian one? a. There is no difference between the two. b. Totalitarian governments are generally religiously based. c. Authoritarian governments allow for popular participation. d. In an authoritarian government, certain institutions may operate independently of the government.
d
Which of the following statements describes America's growing population since its founding? a. The percentage of the American population that identifies as Protestants has been on the rise. b. African Americans now make up a much smaller percentage of the total population. c. More Americans trace their roots to Europe today than ever before. d. The number of elderly Americans has grown, and the number of children age 18 and under has declined.
d
____ is the belief that ordinary citizens can affect what government does. a. Socialism b. Political socialization c. Ideology d. Political efficacy
d
In recent years, each of the two major parties have used ____________ as a critical resource in the process of searching for votes, contributions, and campaign help. databases Twitter accounts blogs patronage
databases
The tension between liberty and national security is evident in the early history of the Bill of Rights. protests against abortion. debates over post-9/11 government actions. discussions of the death penalty.
debates over post-9/11 government actions.
Polling data is NOT used by contemporary campaigns to decide which political party the candidate should join. craft campaign strategies. assess the candidate's strengths and weaknesses. assess the opposition's strengths and weaknesses.
decide which political party the candidate should join.
Generally speaking, popular support for a president increases over time, unless the president is a lame duck president. declines over time. remains at a fairly consistent level. increases over time.
declines over time.
Party activists who are elected to vote at a party's national convention are called delegates. whips. incumbents. nominees.
delegates.
According to the authors of your textbook, the Senate is a __________ body where __________. judicial; members primarily determine the constitutionality of proposed laws deliberative; any and all ideas raised by members receive a thorough public airing specialized; only a handful of members have input on specific issues centralized; laws pass in a routing and organized fashion.
deliberative; any and all ideas raised by members receive a thorough public airing
The people are sovereign in a aristocracy. democracy. monarchy. dictatorship.
democracy.
Strong parties may provide an important link between government and churches. democratic participation. money. interest groups.
democratic participation.
Majority rule, minority rights and equality of opportunity are democratic principles. authoritarian principles. monarchical principles. republican principles.
democratic principles
Which of the following is a component of the Lemon test? determining whether governments can force Amish parents to send their children to high school determining whether the government has a compelling state interest determining whether the government involvement meets the standards of rational basis review determining whether government involvement advances a particular religion
determining whether government involvement advances a particular religion
The idea of transferring responsibility for policy from the federal government to the states and localities is known as dualism. devolution. revolution. coercion.
devolution
The executive leader or presiding officer specified by the Articles of Confederation enjoyed the support of popular opinion. did not exist; the Articles specified no executive leader. was appointed by state legislatures was appointed by Congress
did not exist; the Articles specified no executive leader.
If a proposed bill does not get voted from the committee to go back to the House or Senate, the bill has ___________ in committee. been marked up been tabled died stalled
died
The process of amending the Constitution is ____, leading to a ____ proportion of proposed amendments succeeding. easy; high easy; moderate difficult; high difficult; very small
difficult; very small
When members of the polity meet to discuss policy and make decisions, it is known as a indirect democracy. direct democracy. elite democracy. popular democracy.
direct democracy.
What mechanism was not instituted in the Congress to guard against excessive democracy? selection of senators by state legislatures bicameralism staggered terms in office direct election of representatives
direct election of representatives
The House of Representatives is __________ elected by the people. directly mostly proportionally indirectly
directly
Fighting words fall outside constitutional protection because they are said in haste. directly incite violence. offend listeners. target minorities.
directly incite violence.
The ________________is primarily concerned with Congress sponsoring or favoring a specific religion. free exercise clause freedom of religion clause establishment clause Miller test
establishment clause
Which clause of the Bill of Rights has been interpreted to require a virtual wall of separation to exist between church and state? necessary and proper clause free speech clause establishment clause freedom of religion clause
establishment clause
The idea of the separation of church and state is most closely associated with the necessary and proper clause. establishment clause. equal protection clause. freedom of conscience clause.
establishment clause.
The rule that prohibits evidence obtained during an illegal search from being introduced in a trial is called the ___________ rule. due process five seconds exception clause exclusionary
exclusionary
A treaty requires a two-thirds Senate ratification vote. Presidents often use _______________________ to avoid this challenge to their foreign policy. legislative power executive orders executive privilege executive agreements
executive agreements
Iron triangles form among judges, legislative committees, and interest groups. judges, executive branch programs, and legislative committees. executive branch programs, interest groups, and party leaders. executive branch programs, legislative committees, and interest groups.
executive branch programs, legislative committees, and interest groups.
Presidents have used __________to withhold information on executive branch deliberations from other branches of government. pocket vetoes executive privilege executive agreements executive orders
executive privilege
According to the textbook authors, the explosion of interest group activity in the United States has been the result of the increasing importance of the election as a linkage institution. concomitant growth in the power of U.S. political parties. expansion of the role of government. decline of public interest groups.
expansion of the role of government.
The Supreme Court ruled in Lawrence v. Texas that the right to privacy protects legal abortion. limits the actions of social networking sites like Facebook. extends to homosexuals. does not cover the right to die.
extends to homosexuals.
In the early years of the Republic, political parties were seen as factions that represented a threat to the social order of the country. a critical element for the success of our democracy. organized coalitions that were acceptable in Congress but which were a threat to local governance. necessary and noble coalitions of statesmen necessary for maintaining stability in a democracy.
factions that represented a threat to the social order of the country.
Expanded ____________ regulation in the 1970s in areas such as automobile safety and health care led to the growth in interest groups. international state federal local
federal
Which of the following best exemplifies the ability of the federal government to preempt a state? welfare reform, which preempts states from giving benefits to some residents federal regulations in which the cost is borne by the states federal and state governments sharing the cost of a new highway federal criminalization of marijuana, even when states or cities allow medicinal use
federal criminalization of marijuana, even when states or cities allow medicinal use
Federal court jurisdiction extends to federal and state statutes, as well as the U.S. Constitution. federal statutes and the U.S. Constitution, but not treaties. federal statutes, treaties, the U.S. Constitution, and state constitutions. federal statutes, treaties, and the U.S. Constitution.
federal statutes, treaties, and the U.S. Constitution.
Presidents typically depend on their ___________ to get their policy proposals enacted in Congress. fellow partisans cabinet state delegates legislative liaisons
fellow partisans
Of the following, which kind of speech is the least protected? speech plus symbolic speech political speech fighting words
fighting words
In the Senate, __________ can be used to "talk a bill to death" unless three-fifths of the Senate vote for __________. filibuster; cloture unanimous consent; a discharge petition None of these the voice vote rule; a gag order petition
filibuster; cloture
Why was Joe Biden chosen to be the vice presidential nominee on the Democratic ticket under Barack Obama in 2008? likeability campaign fund-raising abilities foreign policy experience domestic policy experience
foreign policy experience
A government is made up of the formal institutions that rule a people political ideologies of elected officials. corporate structure of a nation military industrial establishment
formal institutions that rule a people
Selective benefits help overcome which problem? contribution limits free riders registration deadlines apathy
free riders
The term amicus curiae means send up the records of a case. national supremacy. mechanical jurisprudence. friend of the court.
friend of the court.
The 1960s marks the time when the United States became a compound republic. egalitarian society. full practicing democracy. participatory government.
full practicing democracy
What clause in the U.S. Constitution requires states to recognize actions and decisions taken in other states as legal and proper? privileges and immunities clause full-faith and credit clause necessary and proper clause national supremacy clause
full-faith and credit clause
Gibbons v. Ogden in 1824 was important because it declared that interstate commerce was to be regulated by state governments. gave the national government significant new authority to regulate interstate commerce. established the principle of no fees on exports. established the principle of judicial review.
gave the national government significant new authority to regulate interstate commerce.
Political and voting differences between men and women are known as the ideological gap. gender gap. partisan gap. generational gap.
gender gap.
State legislators routinely seek to influence electoral outcomes by manipulating the organization of electoral districts. This strategy is called a recall. reapportionment. the one person, one vote doctrine. gerrymandering.
gerrymandering.
The elastic clause gives the president of the United States flexible warmaking powers. gives Congress the ability to pass laws related to its expressed powers. gives the Supreme Court its own ability to adjudicate political issues. grants the president of the United States codependent legislative authority.
gives Congress the ability to pass laws related to its expressed powers.
Which of the following is considered an electoral strategy by the authors of the textbook? staging protests aided by the media lobbying Congress producing reports giving money to political parties or to particular candidates
giving money to political parties or to particular candidates
New Federalism was generally characterized by the consolidation of block grants into categorical grants. granting state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs. granting the national government greater control of state programs. an expansion on the use of the unfunded mandate.
granting state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs.
(Ch. 15)Battles between the president and Congress over federal court nominees have ____ over time. a)become less common b)become more common for district court judges, but less common for Supreme Court justices c)become more common d)remained the same
become more common
Efficacy is the belief that elected officials cannot be persuaded. process by which people receive their political beliefs. process by which people are satisfied in government. belief that citizens can affect government.
belief that citizens can affect government.
In a federal system, power is distributed within the national government. between the state and local governments. within the state governments. between state and national governments.
between state and national governments.
Congress is a(n) __________. authoritarian legislature unicameral legislature multicameral legislature bicameral legislature
bicameral legislature
Which of the following groups rely disproportionately on mobile phones for Internet access? blacks and Latinos Republican voters seniors rural voters
blacks and Latinos
Political Action Committees (PACs) are organizations established to select nominees for the general election. to register voters into political parties. by corporations, labor unions, or interest groups to channel the contributions of their members into political campaigns. to assist political parties in developing their policy platform.
by corporations, labor unions, or interest groups to channel the contributions of their members into political campaigns.
Known as the Great Writ, ____ is guaranteed by the Constitution and can be suspended only in cases of rebellion or invasion. habeas corpus mandamus oyez stare decisis
habeas corpus
How did the framers of the Constitution grapple with the effect public opinion might have on governmental policy? by creating a system that gave the people direct power to make public policies by creating a system that gave wealth and power to the elite by creating a system of expressed powers by creating a system that did not automatically let popular opinion translate into public policies
by creating a system that did not automatically let popular opinion translate into public policies
The primary job of congressional staff members is to handle constituency requests and deal with legislative details. work out compromises on House and Senate versions of a piece of legislation. hold hearings that investigate the actions of Executive Branch agencies. communicate information from the party leadership to individual members.
handle constituency requests and deal with legislative details.
Giving concrete definition to abstract constitutional principles is difficult and rarely done by political institutions. happens most often by Supreme Court rulings. is a responsibility of all three branches. is most often done through the formal amendment process.
happens most often by Supreme Court rulings.
Changing the structure or composition of the federal government was not done by any of the Amendments ratified after the Founding. has been impossible due to Article V of the Constitution. has been the motivating factor behind most of the post-Bill of Rights amendments. has been largely unaddressed by the Constitutional amendments since the Bill of Rights.
has been the motivating factor behind most of the post-Bill of Rights amendments.
The use of the filibuster and cloture in the United States Senate is less than it was during the days of strong Speakers in the late nineteenth century. has stayed the same since an increase in the 1960s. has declined to record lows. has increased to record highs.
has increased to record highs.
Political equality means that each citizen has one, and only one, vote. has opportunity. receives a job. can donate money to political campaigns.
has one, and only one, vote.
Romney was the front-runner for the Republican nomination because he had a superior organization and financial base. his geographic base in the Midwest. he received the strong support of evangelical Christians and other social conservatives. his fiery criticisms of Barack Obama.
he had a superior organization and financial base.
In 2003, Californians voted out governor Gray Davis. This election was unusual because California never votes Republican. his opponent was an actor. California's economy was in good shape. he lost in a rare recall effort.
he lost in a rare recall effort.
As the leading actor in U.S. foreign policy, the president is known as chief legislator. head of state. head of nation. head of government.
head of state.
Congress conducts oversight over the executive branch by means of hearings and investigations conducted by congressional committees and subcommittees. submitting periodic written questions to specific agencies. having the President stand on the floor of the Senate to answer direct questions from members. hiring public investigators to examine the executive branch.
hearings and investigations conducted by congressional committees and subcommittees.
In staff organizations, most of the work is done by members. candidates for office. hired professionals. volunteers.
hired professionals.
The tool used by Congress to remove a president for abuse of power is impeachment. litigation. legislation. appointment of an inspector general.
impeachment.
If the House and Senate pass different versions of a piece of legislation, the differences will be resolved by letting the President choose which piece of legislation he or she would prefer to sign. in a joint taskforce. in a conference committee. by popular vote.
in a conference committee.
Antifederalists' concerns about the Constitution centered on their fears about another Shays's Rebellion. were based on their opposition to the Bill of Rights. were that it did not go far enough to strengthen the central government. included a concern that the Constitution did not specifically enumerate protected civil liberties.
included a concern that the Constitution did not specifically enumerate protected civil liberties.
Ballot measures (referenda) have been found to increase voter turnout among less educated citizens. decrease voter turnout among well-educated citizens. increase voter turnout among older citizens. decrease voter turnout among Democrats.
increase voter turnout among less educated citizens.
Over the past forty years, the number of interest groups in the United States has remained constant. not been tracked. increased enormously. decreased enormously.
increased enormously.
The percentage of women members of the U.S. Congress is: decreasing from a peak in the 1970s. increasing over the last two decades. holding steady since an initial increase in the 1990s. limited by quota systems developed by the two parties.
increasing over the last two decades.
A(n) ____ is a candidate running for re-election to a position that he or she already holds. party boss challenger incumbent nominee
incumbent
In most congressional elections, ____ outspend ____. incumbents, challengers Republicans, Democrats challengers, incumbents Democrats, Republicans
incumbents, challengers
Which of the following is a core U.S. value? communism big government individual liberty equality of outcomes
individual liberty
The Presidential Election Campaign Fund is made up of contributions from individual taxpayers. corporations. political parties. PACs.
individual taxpayers.
In times of crises, presidents have issued executive orders without consulting Congress on the basis of delegated powers. the president's power to declare war. inherent powers. expressed powers.
inherent powers.
Family provides most people with their ____________ to politics. attraction initial orientation final orientation aversion
initial orientation
Grassroots mobilization involves interest group leaders contacting members of Congress. interest group members contacting their elected officials. the press contacting the president . professional lobbyists contacting members of Congress.
interest group members contacting their elected officials.
Individuals with limited resources often depend on _____________ to promote their interests and policy preferences. interest groups Political Action Committees political parties super-PACs
interest groups
The commerce clause of Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution affords Congress broad regulatory power over what? international commerce intertribal trade between Native Americans intrastate commerce interstate commerce
interstate commerce
The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office is protected by the First Amendment right of free speech. is limited by a cap of $50 million. was forbidden by the Campaign Reform Act of 2002. is allowed only if the candidate can meet every personal dollar with a dollar of outside donations.
is protected by the First Amendment right of free speech.
(Ch. 15) The doctrine of stare decisis a)is applicable only to the U.S. Supreme Court. b)applies only to criminal law. c)is reasoning from precedent. d)says to send up the records of a case.
is reasoning from precedent.
The chances that an incumbent wins re-election used to be around 50 percent, but increased after the development of professionalized campaigns in the 1960s. vary wildly throughout the years, ranging from 30 to 70 percent. is less than 50 percent. is very high, reaching as high as 98 percent of House members and 90 percent of Senators.
is very high, reaching as high as 98 percent of House members and 90 percent of Senators.
The New England-based merchants and southern planters opposed different factions within Parliament. were key rivals that comprise the Jeffersonians and Antifederalists, respectively. organized together in support of the taxes imposed by the Stamp Act and Sugar Act. organized together in opposition to taxes imposed by the Stamp and Sugar Acts.
organized together in opposition to taxes imposed by the Stamp and Sugar Acts.
The Constitution gives the Supreme Court ____ jurisdiction in cases involving foreign ambassadors and issues in which a state is a party. appellate civil criminal original
original
In terms of sociological representation, the current Congress is measured by how well members respond to constituents' demands. overrepresents certain groups. overrepresents minority groups. is representative of the U.S. population.
overrepresents certain groups.
Selection bias occurs when a sample ________________________ some opinions. accurately represents or underrepresents overrepresents or accurately represents accurately represents or measures well overrepresents or underrepresents
overrepresents or underrepresents
A two thirds vote in both chambers of Congress is necessary to pass the federal budget. override a presidential veto. confirm Supreme Court justices. defeat a filibuster.
override a presidential veto.
A two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate is required to do the following: send legislation to the president override the president's veto confirm the president's appointments to federal judgeships impeach and remove the president from office
override the president's veto
The effort of Congress, through hearings, investigations, and other techniques to exercise control over the activities of executive agencies is called ___________, oversight appropriations markup agency representation
oversight
Women in the United States are somewhat more likely to support the Republican Party. overwhelmingly committed to the Democratic Party. somewhat more likely to support the Green Party. overwhelmingly committed to the Republican Party.
overwhelmingly committed to the Democratic Party.
The president's power to _____________________ is absolute; Congress plays no role in this power. spend money take the nation to war pardon make treaties
pardon
Which of the following is critical for recruiting candidates for local, state, and national office? Political Action Committees current elected officials parties interest Groups
parties
Of the various factors that influence voters' decisions at the polls, which of the following is consistently the most important? partisan loyalty candidate characteristics issues policy preferences
partisan loyalty
Of the various factors that influence voters' decisions at the polls, which of the following is consistently the most important? policy preferences partisan loyalty candidate characteristics issues
partisan loyalty
The biggest influence on an individual's vote choice is partisan loyalty. the amount of money spent by the campaigns. their understanding of who is ahead in public opinion polls. the bias of the national media.
partisan loyalty.
The biggest influence on an individual's vote choice is the amount of money spent by the campaigns. the bias of the national media. partisan loyalty. their understanding of who is ahead in public opinion polls.
partisan loyalty.
A vote on which 50 percent or more of the members of one party take one position while at least 50 percent of the members of the other party take the opposing position is called a ____________ vote. super-majority partisan block party
party
While all members of the U.S. House take part in the election of the Speaker of the House, the actual selection is made by the president's cabinet. president. U.S. Supreme Court. party caucus that holds a majority of seats in the House.
party caucus that holds a majority of seats in the House.
As a tool for achieving political goals, presidents have found ___________________ to be mostly unreliable. White House staffers the tactic of going public before the American people party members administrative action
party members
The 9/11 attacks were a key political event that helped to promote a belief in big government. patriotism. a belief in war. American diversity.
patriotism.
The power of political machines to make partisan appointments to government offices and to grant special favors to supporters is called patronage. graft. 527 committees. Political Action Committees.
patronage.
Pork barrel legislation is a form of _________ in which members of Congress __________. private bill; specify benefits or relief for one individual casework; respond to constituent concerns legislation; address agricultural issues patronage; secure direct benefits for their districts or states
patronage; secure direct benefits for their districts or states
A negotiated agreement in a criminal case in which a defendant agrees to tell the court that he or she is guilty in return for the state's agreement to reduce the severity of the criminal charge or prison sentence the defendant is facing is known as a nolo contendere. sentence reduction. plea bargain. parole.
plea bargain.
A bias in the interest group system that favors the wealthy is a criticism of which theory of government? pluralism elitism liberalism conservativism
pluralism
The idea that competition among interest groups will balance each other is called elite theory. idealism. pluralism. democracy.
pluralism.
The theory that competition among organized interests will produce a balance with all the interests regulating one another is Machiavellian theory pluralism. socialism. elite theory.
pluralism.
If the winner of an election is whoever receives the most votes, regardless of the percentage of votes received, the candidate has been running under a ____ system. proportional representation majority cumulative voting plurality
plurality
A ____________ veto can occur when the president is presented a bill during the last ten days of a legislative session and ____________ be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress. regular; cannot pocket; can pocket; cannot regular; can
pocket; cannot
A state's authority to regulate health, safety and morals is commonly known as war powers. commerce powers. central powers. police powers.
police power
Within the two major parties, ___________ are individuals who identify new ideas and programs that will expand their party's base of support. delegates caucus leaders party Whips policy entrepreneurs
policy entrepreneurs
According to the text, liberty inevitably leads to the growth of political activity and the expansion of political participation. political institutions and eminent domain. religious tolerance. civil rights versus checks and balances.
political activity and the expansion of political participation.
Political socialization is the process through which political beliefs and values are formed. political learning happens. public opinion is measured. survey research is done.
political beliefs and values are formed.
(Ch. 15)When the Senate refuses to confirm a Supreme Court nominee, it is typically because of his or her ____, not his or her ____. political ideology; qualifications state of residency; qualifications qualifications; political ideology relationship to interest groups; political ideology
political ideology; qualifications
When citizens go to the polls, _______________ often provide(s) a central cue for them to cast informed votes. the media the U.S. Constitution political parties candidates' speeches
political parties
The assignment of individual members of Congress to committees and the selection of committee chairs is largely decided by the president. the U.S. Supreme Court. interest groups. political parties in Congress.
political parties in Congress.
The process by which Americans learn political beliefs and values is called brainwashing. propaganda. political socialization. indoctrination.
political socialization.
As the textbook notes, four forms of speech fall outside the absolute guarantees of the First Amendment and therefore outside the realm of protected forms of speech. Which of the following is a conditionally protected form of speech? obscenity and pornography political speech fighting words libel and slander
political speech
Who gets what, when, and how is a definition of politics. efficacy. deceit. partisanship.
politics
Nonvoters are disproportionately young, nonwhite, uneducated and urban. southern. union workers. poor.
poor.
Totalitarianism entails government having unlimited political unlimited political freedom. capital. power. equality.
power
The Articles of Confederation was written at the same point as the Declaration of Independence. preceded the U.S. Constitution. came after the U.S. Constitution. came before the Boston Tea Party.
preceded the U.S. Constitution.
(Ch. 15)The three steps in the Supreme Court's procedures are, in order, preparing briefs, writing opinions, and making oral argument. writing opinions, giving oral argument, making and preparing briefs. preparing briefs, giving oral argument, making and writing opinions. writing opinions, preparing briefs, and making oral argument.
preparing briefs, giving oral argument, making and writing opinions.
According to the authors of your textbook, incumbency tends to preserve the status quo in Congress. reduce the importance of seniority in Congress. produce change in Congress. result in the election of new committee chairpersons.
preserve the status quo in Congress.
The electoral college is the formal selectors of the U.S. Supreme Court. the board of electors for American Colleges and Universities. presidential electors from each state who cast ballots for president and vice president. congressional electors responsible for choosing the Speaker of the House.
presidential electors from each state who cast ballots for president and vice president.
Sections two and three of Article II of the Constitution establish the qualifications for serving as president. procedures for presidential selection. procedures for impeachment of the president. presidential powers and duties.
presidential powers and duties.
In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election, it holds a primary election. referendum. midterm election. franchise vote.
primary election.
What government function did the states retain from 1800 to 1933? currency subsidies tariffs private property
private property
What clause in the U.S. Constitution requires that states must treat visitors from other states the same as their own residents? full-faith and credit clause privileges and immunities clause necessary and proper clause national supremacy clause
privileges and immunities clause
The electoral college was designed to decrease the role of states in selecting the president. ensure the winner of the popular vote would become president. promote political party affiliation. produce a nonpartisan president.
produce a nonpartisan president.
Vigorous political parties ______ voter turnout. corrupt promote subvert depress
promote
Vigorous political parties ____________ voter turnout. subvert depress have no effect on promote
promote
Third-party candidates are better off under which system of election? the majority system the plurality system proportional representation the winner-take-all system
proportional representation
Third parties are most successful under which of the following election systems? single-member district plurality vote first-past-the post proportional-representation
proportional-representation
An election system that allocates to each political party representation in the legislature equal to its percentage of the total vote is called a ____________ system. direct-election plurality election proportional-representation electoral winner-take-all
proportional-representation electoral
Edmund Randolph's initial idea to limit executive power at the Constitutional Convention proposed a president that served for two-year terms. proposed a three-person executive. prohibited more than one term of service for a president. suggested that the legislature select the executive.
proposed a three-person executive.
An example of ___________ was the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York City's Financial District in September 2011. electoral politics protests suffrage voting
protests
Closed rules in the U.S. House prevents party leaders from influencing which committees' members join. provide the majority party more power by prohibiting the introduction of amendments on the House floor. restrict the ability of conference committees to deviate from the version of the bill passed on the House floor. provide the minority party more power by opening a bill up on the House floor to any amendment.
provide the majority party more power by prohibiting the introduction of amendments on the House floor.
The Supreme Court has upheld which of the following activities in public schools? prayer before school football games having students take a moment of silent prayer teacher-led prayer at the beginning of the school day providing activities funds for a student religious group
providing activities funds for a student religious group
Because they were worried about the effect ____________ might have on policy, the Founders created a system that did not automatically let popular opinion translate into public policies. political parties ideology public opinion private opinion
public opinion
The most important feature of a ____________ is that it is representative. push poll primary public-opinion sample caucus
public-opinion sample
What is wrong with the following polling question: Do you think it was appropriate for President Bush to lie so that he could start a war with Iraq? saliency selection bias push polling sample size
push polling
After an amendment is successfully proposed, what step must occur in order for it to become part of the Constitution? approval by a popular vote ratification by three-fourths of the states approval by a majority in both houses of the Congress signature by the president
ratification by three-fourths of the states
According to ____________, the average American exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders. the Founding Fathers the political parties recent studies by economists recent studies by political scientists
recent studies by political scientists
The process of redrawing the boundaries of congressional districts is called apportionment. redistricting. patronage. pork.
redistricting.
The _____ was promoted by Progressive reformers at the turn of the twentieth century to allow voters to have a more direct role in governing. referendum closed primary caucus meeting minority-majority district
referendum
Which of the following represents the broadest barrier to voting in the United States? registration requirements restrictions preventing felons from voting photo Identification laws restrictions preventing incarcerated individuals from voting
registration requirements
During the 1980s, under the leadership of Ronald Reagan, which two groups did the Republican Party add to their coalition? African Americans and upper-class intellectuals Latinos and the business community religious conservatives and working-class whites Jews and unionized workers
religious conservatives and working-class whites
Which of the following would be the least likely to improve voter turnout in the United States? creating greater political awareness through education requiring all voters to show photo identification making Election Day a holiday easing the absentee ballot process
requiring all voters to show photo identification
In the U.S. federal system, the responsibility for organizing elections is defined in federal statutes. rests largely with Congress. rests largely with state and local governments. is constitutionally defined.
rests largely with state and local governments.
In a committee markup, members of Congress investigate scandalous behavior by members of the executive branch. meet with interest group leaders in their private offices. rewrite legislation to incorporate changes discussed during the hearings on a bill. listen to the testimony of experts on a bill they are considering.
rewrite legislation to incorporate changes discussed during the hearings on a bill.
Which of the following civil liberties has been strengthened over time? double jeopardy (Fifth Amendment) exclusionary rule (Fourth Amendment) protection against self-incrimination (Fifth Amendment) right to an attorney (Sixth Amendment)
right to an attorney (Sixth Amendment)
According to the textbook, the trend line of Americans' trust in the federal government rose in the 1990s and peaked in 2002. has declined steadily since the early 1960s. declined during Watergate but rose again during the 1980s. rose during the 1970s and 1980s but has declined since 1992.
rose in the 1990s and peaked in 2002
Polls are ____________ instruments for measuring public opinion. political magical primary scientific
scientific
Most states in the 2012 election would hardly have reason to notice the presidential contest. leaned toward Obama, but were contested by the Romney campaign. were toss-up states, heavily contested by both the Obama and the Romney campaigns. seemed to be solidly in either the Democratic or Republican camp.
seemed to be solidly in either the Democratic or Republican camp.
Unlike Madison, the authors of the textbook argue that in the realm of group politics, liberty is not as important as civil rights. is what makes our political system the most fair. is to faction as air is to fire. seems inconsistent with equality.
seems inconsistent with equality.
Under a system of dual federalism, the national and state governments are seen as distinct entities providing separate services. equally subject to the decisions of state supreme courts. entitled to declare the other's legislation void. seen as distinct entities providing overlapping, occasionally redundant services to ensure that all citizens have access to necessary public goods.
seen as distinct entities providing separate services.
Women and minorities in the U.S. Congress are limited to representing states with a majority-minority population. represented commensurate with their percentage of the U.S. population. significantly overrepresented compared with their percentage of the U.S. population. significantly underrepresented compared with their percentage of the U.S. population.
significantly underrepresented compared with their percentage of the U.S. population.
Members of the House of Representatives are selected by the Senate. single-member districts. proportional representation. the state legislatures.
single-member districts.
One important reason for the United States' two-party system is the Constitution's requirement for bipartisanship in Congress. proportional representation. single-member electoral districts. multimember electoral districts.
single-member electoral districts.
One important reason the United States has a two-party system is the Constitution's requirement for bipartisanship in Congress. proportional representation. single-member electoral districts. multimember electoral districts.
single-member electoral districts.
Which of the following is not important in determining the reliability of a poll? margin of error size of the population size of the sample wording of the questions
size of the population
The Latino vote is often referred to by analysts as the sleeping giant. Republican Party's base vote. lost vote. Democratic Party's base vote.
sleeping giant.
Conservatives typically favor legalized abortion. social welfare programs. smaller government. government regulation of business.
smaller government.
In general, Democrats support cuts in military spending and deregulation of businesses. lower taxes and cuts in social programs. higher taxes and cuts in social programs. social programs and regulation of businesses.
social programs and regulation of businesses.
The system of checks and balances gives each branch of government some explicit powers, some shared powers, and some ability to check other branches. independent authority within their area of governance. separate powers, separate checks, and separate balances. an array of entirely shared powers.
some explicit powers, some shared powers, and some ability to check other branches.
Men in the United States are somewhat more likely to support the Democratic Party. somewhat more likely to support the Republican Party. overwhelmingly committed to the Democratic Party. somewhat more likely to support the Green Party.
somewhat more likely to support the Republican Party.
Speech accompanied by conduct can be regulated by the government to preserve public order is called conditional expression. pure speech. speech plus. limited speech.
speech plus.
Republican governors and legislatures enacted laws that required prospective voters to present valid, government-issued photo identification cards because they wanted to limit participation in the Republican primary in an effort to help Newt Gingrich's chances. investigations into the 2008 presidential election revealed rampant amounts of voter fraud. they needed to comply with new regulations created by the Obama Justice Department; regulations that were criticized as highly political. less-educated and minority voters tend to vote Democratic and were less likely to produce valid ID at the polls and thus would be barred from voting.
less-educated and minority voters tend to vote Democratic and were less likely to produce valid ID at the polls and thus would be barred from voting.
Stare decisis is a Latin phrase that means the court is now in session. let the decision stand. the thing speaks for itself. the decision is tied.
let the decision stand.
Which of the following factors is not significant in informing our understanding of voting in elections? state electoral laws the political environment in which elections take place levels of religiosity socioeconomic status and attitudes about politics
levels of religiosity
Which of the following describes a written statement made with reckless disregard of the truth that is considered damaging to a victim because it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory? libel fighting words speech plus slander
libel
Most individuals who describe themselves as ________________ identify with the ___________ Party. liberal; Republican conservative; Democratic liberal; Democratic conservative; Reform
liberal; Democratic
If you are a person with high education and income, you might be likely to consider yourself a Green. socialist. libertarian. Democrat.
libertarian.
Inhibiting effective governance is a possible drawback of a government based upon which political principle? pluralism federalism checks and balances liberty
liberty
Personal and economic freedom are both definitions of capitalism. minority rights. liberty. equality.
liberty
Civil liberties are limitations on government action. unwritten guarantees of individual liberty. concerned with limiting democracy. freedoms of expression.
limitations on government action.
Almost all interest groups engage in submitting amicus curiae briefs. lobbying. running a candidate for office. forming a Political Action Committee.
lobbying.
Communication with lawmakers and members of the government by an individual or a group to influence the passage of legislation is the definition of an amicus curiae brief. lobbying. strong-arm tactics. subsystem politics.
lobbying.
What government has no recognition or protection by the U.S. Constitution? state local international national
local
"You support me on bill X, and I'll support you on another bill of your choice." This statement illustrates the concept of casework. reciprocity. pork barreling. logrolling.
logrolling.
Strong and often corrupt urban political party organizations during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were called juntas. 527 committees. gangs. machines.
machines.
Cooperative federalism is also known as layer cake federalism pound cake federalism frosted cake federalism marble cake federalism
marble cake federalism
Which analogy best describes the federalism arrangement of the late 1930s? cherry cobbler federalism marble cake federalism picket fence federalism layer cake federalism
marble cake federalism
While voting rights are granted to all American citizens over the age of 18, which of the following is a legal reason for some states to revoke this right? mentally incompetent failure to participate in previous elections status as a college student lack of income or property
mentally incompetent
The original party system in the United States pitted the Federalists, supported by ____________ against the Jeffersonian Republicans, supported by ____________. merchants; agrarian interests loyalists; agrarian interests agrarian interests; merchants merchants; loyalists
merchants; agrarian interests
When a congressional election is held that does not coincide with a presidential election, it is called a referendum. midterm election. open primary election. closed primary election.
midterm election.
The use of digital technology in the 2008 and 2012 elections mobilized new voters. biased turnout in favor of incumbent candidates. suppressed the vote of minority voters. increased turnout only among wealthy white voters.
mobilized new voters.
When people do not have strong feelings about the issue at hand, they are ____________ likely to change their opinions. equally less not more
more
PACs can contribute ____________ an individual can to a candidate running for office. less than the same as None of the other choices is correct. more than
more than
Generally, America's demographics have become ____ elderly and ____ young since the Founding. more; more less; more more; less less; less
more; less
If you consider yourself moderate, you are like few Americans. most Democrats. most Americans. few Democrats.
most Americans.
Compared to the House, the leadership of the Senate has __________ over floor debates. much more control much less control about the same level of control less control, except on revenue bills
much less control
How big of a role does money play in American politics compared to other countries? about the same very little much more slightly more
much more
In the United States, which government is responsible for national defense and foreign affairs? county national city state
national
Third parties are least likely to achieve electoral success in which types of elections? multimember-district national state local
national
The Bill of Rights initially applied to the ___________ government(s), while today the Bill of Rights applies to the __________________ government(s). national and state; state national and state; national state; national and state national; national and state
national; national and state
In the case of Buckley v Valeo, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that wealthy candidates cannot contribute more than $5,000 to their own campaigns to assure competitive elections. no limits can be placed on candidates' expenditure of their own funds, since such spending is considered free speech. only incumbent candidates can contribute to their own campaigns. only state legislatures can place limits on candidates' expenditure of their own funds.
no limits can be placed on candidates' expenditure of their own funds, since such spending is considered free speech.
The _____________ is the process by which a party selects a candidate to run for each elective office. general election nomination caucus party platform
nomination
Which of the following is not accomplished at a party's national convention? nomination of Senate and House candidates determination of the party's rules and bylaws nomination of the presidential candidate development and ratification of the party's platform
nomination of Senate and House candidates
Big government is ____________ considered a core U.S. value. not often sometimes definitely
not
A belief in equality of results is a major part of the U.S. political culture. part of both the US and European political cultures. not a part of the U.S. political culture. secondary to a belief total freedom in U.S. political culture.
not a part of the U.S. political culture.
Research suggests that political participation in the United States is not declining but rather changing by including norms of citizenship that are more expressive than voting. declining due to increases in partisan polarization among political elites.. increasing significantly because of changes in the demographics of the American electorate. declining due to the growing isolation of American communities.
not declining but rather changing by including norms of citizenship that are more expressive than voting.
The size of the population is ____________ in determining the reliability of a poll. irrelevant important not important very important
not important
The right to privacy is explicitly granted nowhere in the Constitution. in the Preamble to the Constitution. a, in the Ninth Amendment. in the Fourteenth Amendment.
nowhere in the Constitution.
Variables such as income, education, race, gender, and ethnicity have little impact on political opinions. have consistently been a challenge to America's core political values. help explain why public-opinion polls are so unreliable. often create differences of political opinion in America.
often create differences of political opinion in America.
During the 2012 presidential elections, the television's dominant role as a medium for campaigns was replaced by which of the following? radio advertising online campaigning door-to-door canvassing by party activists telephone campaigning
online campaigning
The concept of selective incorporation means that all civil liberties in the Bill of Rights apply only to the federal government and not to state governments. amendments are added to the U.S. Constitution slowly over time. only some civil liberties are granted to state governments. only some of the liberties in the Bill of Rights are applied to the states.
only some of the liberties in the Bill of Rights are applied to the states.
The Bill of Rights originally applied to only the state and local governments. only the state governments. only the federal government. both the federal and state governments.
only the federal government.
Joe walks into his voting station, and the election judge asks him which party's ballot he would like to vote on today. Joe is in a(n) caucus state. dictatorship. open primary state. closed primary state.
open primary state.
Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives are set by state and local governments. regulatory commissions. the U.S. Supreme Court. the federal government.
state and local governments.
Which of the following are critical in recruiting candidates for office and conducting voter registration drives? Senate and House incumbents state and local party organizations Political Action Committees national party organizations
state and local party organizations
Which of the following campaigns is less likely to depend on issues and policy proposals and more on work designed to make the candidate more visible than his or her challenger? presidential campaigns gubernatorial campaigns state legislative campaigns U.S. Senate campaigns
state legislative campaigns
Partisanship is most likely to affect voting in which of the following elections? state legislative elections competitive gubernatorial elections presidential elections competitive U.S. Senate elections
state legislative elections
The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate or restrict speech is called habeas corpus. strict scrutiny. prior restraint. judicial restraint.
strict scrutiny.
Within the contemporary Congress, ______________ characterizes most voting. individualism weak partisanship strong partisanship regionalism
strong partisanship
The most notable differences between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney in the first presidential debate were in terms of style; Romney seemed alert and aggressive while Obama seemed disengaged and listless. ideology; Romney took an aggressive conservative posture and called for sharp tax cuts, reductions of the size of government, and expanded defense spending. tone; Romney took a negative tact, attacking the decisions of the Obama administration, while Obama defended his record. the economy; Romney argued that the country was still in a recession while Obama countered that the economy had been in recovery for the past year.
style; Romney seemed alert and aggressive while Obama seemed disengaged and listless.
Voter turnout in America is ____________ other democracies around the world. substantially higher than about the same as slightly higher than substantially lower than
substantially lower than
Eminent domain is the power of government to guarantee to citizens a republican form of government. recognize new territories and states. take private property for public use. search an individual'\'s home with a warrant.
take private property for public use.
How did the British attempt to raise revenue in the North American colonies? income tax expropriation and government sale of land government asset sales taxes on commerce
taxes on commerce
If the Supreme Court were to consider the speech codes (regulations on hate speech) that are common on college campuses, they would be likely to find that speech codes are not constitutional because they are not content neutral. in favor of a college's right to regulate behavior on campus. that speech codes are not constitutional because they fail the Lemon test. that speech codes are constitutionally permitted, as they are protected by the direct incitement test.
that speech codes are not constitutional because they are not content neutral.
The necessary and proper clause gives flexibility to which branch of government? the bureaucracy the Supreme Court the president the Congress
the Congress
According to the authors, which economic tool is the best predictor of presidential outcomes? the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) the inflation rate the Purchasing Power Index the Consumer Price Index
the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)
According to the authors, which economic tool is the best predictor of presidential outcomes? the Purchasing Power Index the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) the Consumer Price Index the inflation rate
the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)
McCulloch v. Maryland is an important case because the Court gave a very restricted definition of Congress's delegated powers, in keeping with the era of dual federalism. this case began the era of dual federalism. the Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers. the Court announced that dual federalism did not conform to the framers intent.
the Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers.
After 36 years of dominating U.S. political life, the Republican Party lost power after ____________ began. the Civil War the Cuban Missile Crisis the Great Depression World War II
the Great Depression
Which amendment in the Bill of Rights was most recently applied to the states via selective incorporation? the Eighth Amendment: right to a public trial the Ninth Amendment: right to privacy the Second Amendment: right to bear arms the Fifth Amendment: protection from self-incrimination
the Second Amendment: right to bear arms
The power of "advice and consent" allows the Senate to approve Presidential appointments and treaties. the president to assign a representative to all conference committees. a ceremonial function for the Senate in counting electoral votes. the House to approve Presidential appointments and treaties.
the Senate to approve Presidential appointments and treaties.
Presidential power to make treaties and to appoint top executive officers, ambassadors, and federal judges is subject to congressional oversight. Senate filibuster. the Senate's advice and consent power. Supreme Court review.
the Senate's advice and consent power.
What major public event do modern presidents use to propose new legislation? Sunday morning talk shows Inaugural address their party's nominating convention the State of the Union Message
the State of the Union Message
Presidents today are most likely to rely upon ____________ for advice. members of Congress who are in the same political party the White House staff political party leaders the Cabinet
the White House staff
Which of the following was not a reason why the Articles of Confederation seemed too weak? the lack of a single voice in international affairs the ability to legislate new law the difficulty in passing legislation with 9 of the 13 states in agreement equal representation of states no matter the size
the ability to legislate new law
The result of voters casting their ballot for president or governor and automatically voting for the remainder of the party's ticket is called celebrity status. the coattail effect. a butterfly ballot. party voting.
the coattail effect.
The result of voters casting their ballot for president or governor and automatically voting for the remainder of the party's ticket is called party voting. the coattail effect. celebrity status. a butterfly ballot.
the coattail effect.
Riots and rural uprisings were relatively common in America until which of the following? reforms that decreased the influence of the electoral college the poll tax the adoption of referenda by state and local governments the growth of elections and other formal mechanisms of popular involvement in politics.
the growth of elections and other formal mechanisms of popular involvement in politics.
National elections feature modestly low turnout because parties do not mobilize voters in national elections. the highest American levels of turnout because of media attention and voter familiarity with candidates. very low turnout because elections are seldom determined by one vote. the same turnout rate as state and local elections.
the highest American levels of turnout because of media attention and voter familiarity with candidates.
Equality of opportunity is ____________ in the United States. an example of output equality. not a prominent type of equality. an example of market equality. the most prominent type of equality.
the most prominent type of equality.
Implied powers of the necessary and proper clause allows for judicial review. state governments to nullify national government laws. the national government to reserve powers to state governments. the national government to interpret its delegated powers expansively.
the national government to interpret its delegated powers expansively.
With which of the following were the Antifederalists most concerned? the potential for tyranny in the central government the protection of property abolishing slavery the distinction between principles and interests
the potential for tyranny in the central government
Who selects the chairperson for the Republican and Democratic national committees? the party's membership in Congress the committee's chairperson, whose duty it is to appoint a successor delegates to the national convention the president if the party controls the White House, or the party committee if the party does not control the White House
the president if the party controls the White House, or the party committee if the party does not control the White House
What does Article V of the Constitution detail? the process of conducting national elections the process of amending the constitution the process of establishing political parties the process of selecting Supreme Court justices
the process of amending the constitution
What is an example of concurrent powers? the responsibility of both the national and state governments to ratify amendments to the U.S. Constitution the responsibility of both the national and state governments to charter banks and corporations the responsibility of both the national and state governments to declare war the responsibility of both the national and state governments to print money
the responsibility of both the national and state governments to charter banks and corporations
In their argument against the need for the addition of a bill of rights, Hamilton and the Federalists pointed to rights already contained within the original text of the Constitution, such as the right to free speech. the right to privacy. the right of habeas corpus. the right to bear arms.
the right of habeas corpus.
The Second Amendment concerns the right to counsel. searches and seizures. the right to bear arms. the rights of the criminally accused.
the right to bear arms.
The free exercise clause protects the ability to move from one state to another. the right to bear arms. individuals from undue government restrictions. the right to believe in and practice one's religion of choice.
the right to believe in and practice one's religion of choice.
(Ch. 15)Which of the following influences the flow of cases heard by the Supreme Court? the attorney general and the secretary of State the solicitor general and law clerks the federal district and circuit courts the president and Congress
the solicitor general and law clerks
Where was the execution of laws conducted under the Articles of Confederation? the federal judiciary the Congress the states the presidency
the states
Sociological representation is important in understanding the U.S. Congress because members often vote on the basis of their religion. the symbolic composition of Congress is important for the authority of the government. Congress is a microcosm of American society. there is a distinct "congressional sociology."
the symbolic composition of Congress is important for the authority of the government.
Costs related to voting include which of the following? membership fees for political parties the time required to become informed and cast a ballot poll taxes that state and local governments collect prior allowing individuals to vote the emotional strains of supporting a candidate who fails to win the election
the time required to become informed and cast a ballot
One problem with the pluralist explanation of democracy is that nobody ends up joining any interest group, an example of the free rider problem. that every possible interest ends up being organized. the equal distribution of group resources. the upper-class bias of most interest group members.
the upper-class bias of most interest group members.
527s and 501C(4)s are groups that play a significant role in American politics because they are the only groups outside the parties that are allowed to spend money on campaigns. they spent more than $1 billion in the 2008 campaign. unlike PACs, they can coordinate their spending with the candidates. they provide valuable information to members of Congress.
they spent more than $1 billion in the 2008 campaign.
Counting slaves as ____ for the purposes of census did not allow slaves to ____. persons; own property three-fifths of a person; vote citizens; run for office a nonslave; join the militia
three-fifths of a person; vote
Block grants consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is to be spent within a specified policy area, though the receiving state or local government can decide how to spend within that area. divided into discrete "blocks" of grants, each capped at $50 million. to be spent on any policy area decided on by the state or local government. contingent upon state or local endorsement of some contentious piece of federal legislation.
to be spent within a specified policy area, though the receiving state or local government can decide how to spend within that area.
Prior to the U.S. Constitution, the issues of trade, economic, and political disputes between the states were created by European traders taking advantage of American weaknesses. typified the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. stemmed directly from the inability of the central government to handle Shays's Rebellion. were handled successfully by the Articles of Confederation.
typified the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
Regulations or new conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the national government is the definition of dual federalism preemption. unfunded mandates. fiscal federalism.
unfunded mandates.
Which group was not a part of the New Deal coalition? Catholics farmers organized labor upper-income Americans
upper-income Americans
Throughout much of American history, a common form of political participation among those denied the right to vote was: joining political parties. writing letters to their representatives. urban riots and rural uprisings . campaigning for candidates they supported.
urban riots and rural uprisings .
While Abraham Lincoln's 1860 presidential campaign spent $100,000, it also relied heavily on political action committees soft-money contributions government subsidies volunteers
volunteers
Prospective voting occurs when voting is based on the on the imagined future performance of a candidate. voting is based on policy difference between the incumbent and challenger voting is based on the media image of a candidate. voting is based on the past performance of a candidate.
voting is based on the on the imagined future performance of a candidate.
Under the Great Compromise, the Senate was an arena where large and small states would compete on equal footing. became the arena for large states to dominate. differed dramatically from representation patterns from the Articles of Confederation. could be overruled by the House of Representatives.
was an arena where large and small states would compete on equal footing.
Except in rare occasions, boundaries for congressional and state legislative districts in the United States are redrawn by the states every ____ years. 25 20 2 10
10
(Ch. 15)The U.S. Supreme Court is made up of one chief justice and ____ associate justices. 8 5 15 9
8
(Ch. 15)More than ____ percent of all court cases in the United States are heard in ____ courts. 99; federal 50; state 50; federal 99; state
99; state
Which powerful interest group represents the interests of older Americans? NRA AFL-CIO NOW AARP
AARP
Which of the following groups has the highest proportion of Democratic voters? Latinos Asians whites African Americans
African Americans
Which of the following groups was deprived of the right to vote during much of the twentieth century? rural citizens seniors African Americans union members
African Americans
Which of the following differentiates an interest group from a political party? An interest group is more comprehensive than a party. An interest group attempts to appeal broadly to many groups of voters. A party attempts to influence policy, whereas an interest group attempts to gain control of government by running candidates for office. An interest group seeks to influence government on a narrow range of issues, whereas a party attempts to win elections.
An interest group seeks to influence government on a narrow range of issues, whereas a party attempts to win elections.
Jews are among the ____________ Party's most loyal constituent groups. Reform Democratic Independent Republican
Democratic
That political conditions affect political beliefs is illustrated by the South's move from the ____________ to the ____________ camp. Republican; Democratic Democratic; Libertarian Republican; Libertarian Democratic; Republican
Democratic; Republican
Which party has reserved slots at the national convention for elected superdelegates? Republicans Greens Democrats Reform Party
Democrats
Since the 1930s, African Americans have identified as Democrats. Republicans. Independents. nonpartisan.
Democrats.
______________ is the definition of individuals' being represented in government by officials of their same race, ethnicity, or gender. Proportional representation Representative democracy Direct democracy Descriptive representation
Descriptive representation
Which president took an active role in proposing legislation to Congress and forcefully advocating for his agenda before the American public? Franklin D. Roosevelt Abraham Lincoln Dwight D. Eisenhower George Washington
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The Executive Office of the President was established in the administration of George W. Bush. Bill Clinton. John F. Kennedy. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
President _______________________ acquired significantly more powers due to the United States being in a state of war. John F. Kennedy Clinton George W. Bush Reagan
George W. Bush
Public-sector groups include all of the following except the Brookings Institution. Harvard University. the National League of Cities. Google.
Google.
The right to privacy was established in which case? Roe v. Wade Simmons v. United States Gideon v. Wainwright Griswold v. Connecticut
Griswold v. Connecticut
Which of the following cases involved the right to privacy? Marbury v. Madison Brown v. Board of Education Griswold v. Connecticut Schneckloth v. Bustamante
Griswold v. Connecticut
Who has taken advantage of open committee meetings in Congress to put forth their agenda? The minority party Interest groups The American public Disenfranchised minorities
Interest groups
Which 1937 Supreme Court case established the principle of selective incorporation? New York Times v. Sullivan Mapp v. Ohio Miller v. California Palko v. Connecticut
Palko v. Connecticut
_______________ have always been central to the electoral process. 527 committees Gender issues Parties Political Action Committees
Parties
____________ refers to how parties are organized, the balance of power between and within party coalitions, and the issues and policies around which party competition is organized. Constitutional government Responsible-party government Party system Demographic politics
Party system
______________ are scientific instruments for measuring public opinion. Primaries Caucuses Public-opinion polls Samples
Public-opinion polls
Which political party was formed from a coalition of antislavery forces? Democratic Republican Whig Federalist
Republican
The ____________ Committee in the House of Representatives allots the time for House debate and decides to what extent amendments to the bill can be proposed from the floor. Administrative Procedures Appropriations Ways and Means Rules
Rules
Opponents of the ___________ employed both online protests and modern lobbying techniques to oppose this legislation. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act NAFTA Treaty Motor Voter Act SOPA and PIPA bills
SOPA and PIPA bills
The digital divide refers to which of the following? Separating citizens with Internet access from those without Internet access. Differences in the use of social media by Democrats and Republicans. The challenges that older politicians face when trying to engage young voters online. The lack of political participation found among young Americans who regularly engage in social media.
Separating citizens with Internet access from those without Internet access.
The contemporary American political system is defined by: A multi-party coalition Consistent cooperation among partisan elites Bi-partisanship Sharp partisan differences
Sharp partisan differences
Which type of representation takes place when representatives have the same racial, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents? Sociological Delegate Agency Trustee
Sociological
Which of the following differences between the former colonies made compromise over a central government most difficult? the fact that some of the colonies were more profitable for the Crown than others Some former colonies relied heavily upon agriculture and others relied heavily on manufacturing. Some former colonies had a high population while others were small. the fact that some were chartered by England while others were originally chartered by other European powers
Some former colonies had a high population while others were small.
Which of the following statements about the voting rights of felons is accurate? Some states allow felons who have served their sentences to vote, while others do not. The recent trend is for increasingly strict restrictions on voting rights for felons. The Supreme Court has ruled that felons cannot be deprived of the constitutional right to vote once they have completed their sentences. The Supreme Court has ruled that convicted felons are no longer U.S. citizens and are therefore ineligible to vote.
Some states allow felons who have served their sentences to vote, while others do not.
In contemporary American politics, solid support for the Republican Party comes from the Northeast, Midwest, and West. South, Northeast, and Midwest. South and Mountain West. Northeast, Midwest, and Southwest.
South and Mountain West.
Richard Nixon's ____________ strategy was aimed at attracting white southerners to the Republican Party. China Internationalist Watergate Southern
Southern
The party that holds the majority of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives selects the Chief Justice of the United States. Secretary of State. president's Chief of Staff. Speaker of the House.
Speaker of the House.
____________ limit what the government can do, while ____________ define how the government can act. Procedural liberties; substantive liberties Substantive liberties; procedural liberties Substantive liberties; bills of attainder Bills of attainder; due processes of law
Substantive liberties; procedural liberties
____________ refers to an individual's right to vote. Habeas Corpus Democracy Collectivism Suffrage
Suffrage
What amendment is designed to reserve power to the states? Tenth First Fourth Twenty-first
Tenth
Which of the following is an example of delegated powers? The Environmental Protection Agency interprets and enforces the air pollution laws enacted by Congress. The president appoints federal judges. The president proposes a new law to Congress. The president mobilizes the military in response to a national security emergency.
The Environmental Protection Agency interprets and enforces the air pollution laws enacted by Congress.
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote a series of arguments in support of the Constitution that outlined the political theory behind it. What are their assembled works called? The Federalist Papers Common Sense The Pluralist Papers The Antifederalist Papers
The Federalist Papers
Why did Heller v. District of Columbia fail to incorporate against the states the Second Amendment right to bear arms? The case was not about gun ownership and regulation. The case concerned the actions of the federal government and its territories. The Second Amendment had already been incorporated against the states 40 years earlier. The Supreme Court has moved away from selective incorporation.
The case concerned the actions of the federal government and its territories.
Which of the following is true about the so-called New Politics movement? The membership seeks particular benefits for specific groups, such as prayer in school for religious members or a balanced budget for fiscal conservatives. The movement is made up of the poor and lower socioeconomic strata of U.S. society. The movement is made up of upper-middle-class professionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences. The movement is overwhelmingly supportive of the status quo and the political system.
The movement is made up of upper-middle-class professionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences.
What trend has been observed in the congressional oversight power in recent years? Both Democratic and Republican administrations have avoided congressional oversight by claims of executive privilege Democratic congresses used oversight powers to thwart the policy goals of Republican presidents Oversight hearings have become less common in general The power has been used as a tool of partisan politics
The power has been used as a tool of partisan politics
Specific powers provided to the national government in the U.S. Constitution are called ____ powers. defined concurrent reserved expressed
The power to declare war is an example of which type of power? reserved expressed implied concurrent
(Ch. 15)Which of the following would not be accurately characterized as a traditional limitation on the power of the federal courts? The president can dissolve the Supreme Court if it oversteps its powers. Courts lack enforcement powers of their own and are compelled to rely on executive or state agencies to ensure compliance with their rulings. Courts cannot exercise power on their own initiative and must wait for cases to be brought to them. Congress has the power to change both the size and jurisdiction of the federal courts.
The president can dissolve the Supreme Court if it oversteps its powers.
What is a signing statement? a public proclamation that does not require congressional approval The president signs legislation while also noting how the new law will be interpreted; the president may also express concerns over particular provisions. a directive to a particular government agency The president signs legislation, but vetoes particular segments of the bill.
The president signs legislation while also noting how the new law will be interpreted; the president may also express concerns over particular provisions.
Which of the following statements best reflects the nature of the Bill of Rights? The rights guaranteed to all in the Bill of Rights are self-executing. Historically, the Bill of Rights has only been applied to the state governments. The rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights have varied over time, according to decisions by the Supreme Court. Historically, the Bill of Rights has applied equally to both the federal and state governments.
The rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights have varied over time, according to decisions by the Supreme Court.
Why does the solicitor general have such a strong influence on the Supreme Court? The solicitor general has worked at the Supreme Court for decades and knows the justices very well. The solicitor general screens most cases being appealed by agencies of the federal government and only lets some cases advance. The solicitor general is the head of the Department of Justice and the president's representative to the Supreme Court. The solicitor general also serves as the dean of Harvard Law School.
The solicitor general screens most cases being appealed by agencies of the federal government and only lets some cases advance.
The agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention that determined that every slave would be counted as a fraction of a person for the purposes of taxation and representation in the House of Representatives was called the Three-Fifths Compromise. Great Compromise. Connecticut Compromise. Virginia Compromise.
Three-Fifths Compromise.
Which of the following is one of the reasons why the Articles of Confederation were rejected by American political leaders? Trade between the states was inefficient. The states were unable to raise taxes. South Carolina threatened to form an alliance with Spain. Daniel Shays's candidacy for the presidency was made impossible by the Articles.
Trade between the states was inefficient.
____ has declined in the last 50 years. Republicanism Democracy Trust in government Capitalism
Trust in government
Which of the following granted 18-year-olds the right to vote? 1965 Voting Rights Act Bill of Rights Twenty-Sixth Amendment Twenty-First Amendment
Twenty-Sixth Amendment
In which of the following countries is voter turnout the lowest? Italy Sweden United States Australia
United States
The ____ is known for being a republic. Republic of China United States Catholic Church Nation of Iran
United States
What was the first nation to adopt federalism? France United States Canada Switzerland
United States
What U.S. Supreme Court case was the first one to strike down an action of federal government under the commerce clause since the New Deal? United States v. Lopez (1995) Printz v. United States (1997) Romer v. Evans (1996) Dole v. South Dakota (1987)
United States v. Lopez (1995)
_______________ Americans are considerably more likely to affiliate with the Republican Party. West Coast Jewish Upper-income Lower-income
Upper-income
What was the effect of the Motor Voter Act in the first presidential election after it was passed? Both voter registration and voter turnout rose. Voter registration did not rise, but voter turnout levels did. Neither voter registration nor voter turnout rose. Voter registration rose, but voter turnout did not.
Voter registration rose, but voter turnout did not.
President Nixon vetoed the ___________________________, but Congress overrode the veto. Subsequent presidents have tended to ignore this law. Agricultural Adjustment Act National Industrial Recovery Act War Powers Resolution USA Patriot Act
War Powers Resolution
Members of the ____________________________ tend to be very close personal and political associates of the president. Cabinet National Security Council White House staff Joint Chiefs of Staff
White House staff
Which of the following set of statements is accurate? Latinos vote more than whites; whites vote more than African Americans. Latinos vote more than African Americans; African Americans vote more than whites. Whites vote more than African Americans; Africans Americans vote more than Latinos. African Americans vote more than Latinos; Latinos vote more than African Americans.
Whites vote more than African Americans; Africans Americans vote more than Latinos.
What has been a common way for interest groups, corporations, and political parties to aid a candidate while avoiding campaign finance laws? Use spot advertisements. Contribute large sums of money to the candidates. Work with 527 committees and 501c(4)s to run campaign ads and promote issues. Fund money through the unregulated PACs.
Work with 527 committees and 501c(4)s to run campaign ads and promote issues.
Because the American people used to be generally ____, the current political system underrepresents ____. a. rural; urban b. rural; suburban c. suburban; urban d. urban; rural
a
Even though Americans tend to value equality, liberty and democracy, they are sometimes willing to subordinate ____ to ____. a. liberty; security b. security; democracy c. democracy; equality d. equality; liberty
a
The first prerequisite for political efficacy is: a. knowledge. b. education. c. engagement. d. freedom.
a
A perceived deep divide in American culture is known as the gender gap the generational gap a culture war a civil war
a culture war
Primary elections are held to select a political party's candidates for the general election. the members of the Electoral College. a political party's cabinet officials. a political party's policy platform.
a political party's candidates for the general election.
A proposal to grant some kind of relief, special privilege, or exemption to the person named in a bill is the definition of __________. oversight pork barrel casework a private bill
a private bill
U.S. district court decisions are made by a single federal judge. a panel of nine judges. the solicitor general. a panel of three judges.
a single federal judge.
Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court as understood by the Founders? the highest court of the national government the body that would choose the president arbiter of disputes within the Congress a supreme court of the nation and its states
a supreme court of the nation and its states
The leaders of the parties in Congress are determined by a vote of the members of each party. seniority. a vote of the party leaders on each committee. appointment by the President.
a vote of the members of each party.
Which of the following individuals would be most likely to vote? a high-school-educated white male a middle-aged Latina a young white male who is unemployed a white middle-aged college graduate
a white middle-aged college graduate
A number of states and cities permit citizens to vote directly on laws and policies, which is not permitted at the national level. This form of rule is called: a. laissez-faire capitalism. b. direct democracy. c. representative democracy. d. pluralism.
b
All of the following are related to the American conception of liberty except: a. freedom of speech. b. equal protection under the law. c. free enterprise. d. freedom of religion.
b
Since 1900, which of the following groups has increased as a percentage of the overall population in the United States? a. black b. All of the above have increased as a percentage of the overall population. c. Hispanic d. Asian
b
The United States' core political values are: a. liberty and responsibility b. liberty, equality, and democracy c. liberty, democracy, and capitalism d. liberty, equality, and minority rights
b
The famous political scientist Harold Lasswell defined politics as the struggle over: a. who gets to vote. b. who gets what, when, how. c. who gets elected. d. who protests.
b
The institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled are called its: a. legislature. b. government. c. economy. d. politics.
b
The principle of political equality can be best summed up as: a. equality of opportunity. b. one person, one vote. c. equality of results. d. equality between the sexes.
b
Throughout U.S. history, Americans have: a. moved from suspicion of government to enthusiastic support for government. b. been suspicious of strong government. c. supported strong government. d. moved from a belief in no government to a belief in strong government.
b
Which of the following beliefs is not part of American political culture? a. free competition b. equality of results c. individual liberty d. equality of opportunity
b
Because they understand how politics affects their lives, knowledgeable citizens tend to enjoy reading the newspaper. earn higher wages. be more engaged in politics. enjoy working for political campaigns.
be more engaged in politics.
Above all, a public-opinion sample must not be random. be administered in person-to-person interviews. be representative. consist of 10 percent of the population group.
be representative.
Why do most attempts to formally amend the Constitution fail? because most attempts to amend the Constitution are legislation by other means because of presidential opposition because of judicial opposition due to gridlock in Washington, D.C.
because most attempts to amend the Constitution are legislation by other means
Which of the following wanted to promote political participation for the middle classes? bourgeoisie kings presidents proletariat
bourgeoisie
Collective goods are those which are ____________ available and ____________ reasonably be denied to others: broadly; can narrowly; can broadly; cannot narrowly; cannot
broadly; cannot
Which of the following groups would be least likely to appeal to purposive benefits to gain members? business groups environmental groups consumer groups religious groups
business groups
General Motors is an example of a business. professional association. citizens group. labor union.
business.
In most states, how do independent and third-party candidates qualify for the general election ballot? by winning a primary election in which all independent and third-party candidates are on the ballot by paying a small filing fee with a state's secretary of state by obtaining thousands of petition signatures by qualifying automatically
by obtaining thousands of petition signatures
According to the authors, good citizenship requires: a. political parties. b. a political science degree. c. political knowledge and engagement. d. a good education.
c
The bourgeoisie championed: a. societal revolution. b. taxation without representation. c. limitations on government power. d. democracy.
c
The total boycott of all British goods in the colonies came immediately after which event? Washington's victory over British military forces Boston Massacre creation of the First Continental Congress writing of the Federalist Papers
creation of the First Continental Congress
(Ch. 15)Cases of ____ law are those in which the government charges an individual with violating a statute that has been enacted to protect public health, safety, morals, or welfare. tort constitutional criminal civil
criminal
In ____ cases, the government is always the plaintiff. criminal civil constitutional state
criminal
(Ch. 15)Unlike in ____ cases, the losers in ____ cases cannot be fined or sent to prison, although they may be required to pay monetary damages for their actions. criminal; civil malpractice; contract criminal; constitutional civil; administrative
criminal; civil
Public opinion is the term used to denote the beliefs people have about all of the following except institutions. political issues. events. culture.
culture.
According to your textbook, why are knowledgeable citizens more engaged in politics? a. none of the above b. because they read the newspaper c. because they enjoy working for political campaigns d. because they understand how politics affects their lives
d
Generally speaking, Americans know: a. very little about current political issues and are not able to identify high-profile political leaders. b. a great deal about current political issues and are able to identify high-profile political leaders. c. a great deal about current political issues but are not able to identify high-profile political leaders. d. very little about current political issues but are able to identify high-profile political leaders.
d
It is interesting that many of the same individuals who complain about what the government does ____ them also want the government to do a great deal ____ them. a. to; without b. for; to c. for; without d. to; for
d
The dependence of Americans on government was brought into particularly sharp focus after the: a. Cuban Missile Crisis. b. Iran Hostage Crisis. c. Panama Canal was built. d. 9/11 Attacks.
d
The percentage of foreign-born individuals living in the United States has: a. not been studied since 1970. b. decreased significantly since reaching its high point in 1970. c. remained the same since 1970. d. increased significantly since reaching its low point in 1970.
d
The religious identification of Americans has shifted from predominantly ____ to just a little over half. a. Catholic b. Muslim c. Jewish d. Protestant
d
Justices who disagree with the majority decision of the Court may choose to publicize the character of their disagreement in the form of a nonconsensus opinion. dissenting opinion. disagreeing opinion. concurring opinion.
dissenting opinion.
(Ch. 15)Why did Congress confer on federal courts the authority to issue writs of habeas corpus? to ensure the Tenth Amendment guarantee of due process of law to ensure the Fourth Amendment guarantee of equal protection of the laws distrust of southern courts after the Civil War to give federal courts the power of judicial review over state judicial decisions
distrust of southern courts after the Civil War
The courts ________ allow the government to regulate the time, manner, and place of expression of an assembly, _____________ the content neutrality of the regulation. do not; conditional on do; conditional on do; regardless of do not; regardless of
do; conditional on
The Fifth Amendment protects against double jeopardy. religious persecution. cruel and unusual punishment. unreasonable searches and seizures.
double jeopardy.
Which of the following issues is not debated under the right to privacy? abortion right to die drug testing in high schools birth control
drug testing in high schools
What type of federalism occurred from 1789 to 1937? picket fence federalism dual federalism fiscal federalism cooperative federalism
dual federalism
When is it most likely that presidential powers would increase? during wartime when the president and Congress are of the same political party when the president is popular during the president's final year in office
during wartime
Family is the most influential agent of socialization in early childhood. old age. the womb. adolescence.
early childhood.
Which of the following is most important in predicting conventional political participation in American politics? race gender education region
education
Lobbyists are often likely to be future members of Congress. former government employees. former journalists. former union members.
former government employees.
Material benefits include all of the following except insurance. helping a good cause. discount cards. travel packages.
helping a good cause.
The Cabinet, consisting of heads of all major federal government departments, is called for in Article II, Section 3. is created by law and must be bipartisan. is similar to parliamentary systems. is not discussed in the Constitution.
is not discussed in the Constitution.
The Speaker of the House is the leader of the majority party. most senior member. Vice President. most popular member of the House.
leader of the majority party.
Interest groups were heavily involved in the recent Michigan affirmative action cases. Some groups sponsored the lawsuit; others on both sides filed amicus curiae briefs. All of these groups were using which interest group tactic? tort reform going public litigation judicial review
litigation
Modern political campaigns at the national level are fueled by enormous amounts of issue debates money patronage substantive news coverage
money
The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on the right to privacy. Fifth Amendment. First Amendment. due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
right to privacy.
Over what current issue has the "full faith and credit" clause become embroiled in controversy? medical marijuana food safety death penalty same-sex marriage
same-sex marriage
The Congressional Research Service and Congressional Budget Office are examples of ______________, which are designed to provide the legislative branch with resources and expertise independent of the executive branch. constituency services caucuses staff agencies standing committees
staff agencies
The permanent committees with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject, such as finance or agriculture, are called __________. party caucuses standing committees conference committees joint committees
standing committees
Historically, the most important arenas of congressional policy making have been standing committees. the halls of Congress where lobbyists roam. conference committees. the floors of the House and Senate.
standing committees.
In the 1990s, the Republican leadership in Congress shifted power from ___________ to ___________. standing committees; party leaders party leaders; standing committees conference committees; party leaders conference committees; standing committees
standing committees; party leaders
Which branch of government constantly revises the Constitution through interpretation? the Congress the bureaucracy the Supreme Court the president
the Supreme Court
Selective incorporation is defined as the Supreme Court's using the precedent of Barron v. Baltimore to require that states uphold liberties from the Bill of Rights. the Supreme Court's using the Fourteenth Amendment to apply civil liberties in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis. a passage placed in the Fourteenth Amendment to appease the Antifederalists. the Supreme Court's using the Fourteenth Amendment to apply all the civil liberties in the Bill of Rights to the states.
the Supreme Court's using the Fourteenth Amendment to apply civil liberties in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis.
Recent studies by political scientists show that there is actually little connection between possessing political knowledge and being an effective citizen. the average American exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders. Americans' knowledge of politics is generally high. it is often difficult for those seeking knowledge about government to actually find such information.
the average American exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders.
The term public opinion is used to describe the collected speeches and writings made by a president during his or her term in office. decisions of the Supreme Court. the analysis of events broadcast by news reporters during the evening news. the beliefs and attitudes that people have about issues.
the beliefs and attitudes that people have about issues.
According to the U.S. Constitution, the president is selected by the Senate. the U.S. Supreme Court the electoral college. a direct vote of the people.
the electoral college.
Due process of law is only mentioned in the Fourteenth Amendment. the right of every citizen against arbitrary government action. the right to a fair trial. substantive justice.
the right of every citizen against arbitrary government action.
What are expressed powers in the Constitution? These powers are assumed by one agency of government with the express permission of another government agency. These powers are implied from the language of the Constitution. the specific powers granted in the Constitution to Congress and to the president These powers have evolved over many years of political tradition and custom.
the specific powers granted in the Constitution to Congress and to the president
Which group is most likely to support the Republican Party? Latinos women the wealthy Jews
the wealthy
The exclusionary rule of the Fourth Amendment, the self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, and the right to counsel provision of the Sixth Amendment are controversial because they were not part of the original Bill of Rights. the Supreme Court has not had an opportunity to interpret their meaning. they are expensive to maintain. their application sometimes frees defendants who seem to be guilty as charged.
their application sometimes frees defendants who seem to be guilty as charged.
In addition to the filibuster, members of the Senate can delay bills by bottling up bills in the Rules Committee. their unlimited ability to propose amendments. a vote of the party whips. seniority.
their unlimited ability to propose amendments.
What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment? to grant to the citizens of each state access to the federal court system to establish the electoral college to limit the powers of the central government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals to give each state constitution the same protections as the federal constitution
to limit the powers of the central government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals
Executive orders may be used by the president for which of the following objectives? to propose new laws and policies to more effectively manage the executive branch and carry out existing laws and policies to protect secrecy in the president's administration to enact new laws and nullify existing laws
to more effectively manage the executive branch and carry out existing laws and policies
In general, the Federalists' future vision of the United States saw a dominant role for state power and autonomy. triumphed over the Antifederalist vision. became the central plank in Jefferson's presidency. shared a co-equal victory with the Antifederalists.
triumphed over the Antifederalist vision.
Throughout its history, American politics has been dominated by one major political party. two major political parties. three major political parties. four major political parties.
two major political parties.
Members of interest groups tend to be wealthier female Democrats. less educated
wealthier
The massive increase in the number of interest groups can be traced to the 1910s. 1950s. 1970s. 1930s.
1970s.
What percent of eligible American adults typically do not vote? 10 percent 30 percent 20 percent 40 percent
40 percent
According to post-election polls, _____ of Americans had face-to-face conversations with family and friends about whether they should vote for Obama or Romney; _______ had these conversations via Facebook or Twitter. 11 percent; 76 percent 48 percent; 30 percent 92 percent; 8 percent 30 percent; 48 percent
48 percent; 30 percent
Nonprofit groups that also engage in issue advocacy and are allowed to spend up to half of its revenue for political purposes are called corporate PACs. 527 committees. trade union PACs. 501c(4) committees.
501c(4) committees.
Which type of representation occurs when constituents have the power to hire and fire their representatives? Sociological Agency Trustee Delegate
Agency
Which federal judges are appointed for life? Supreme Court justices district court judges courts of appeals judges All Article III judges are appointed for life.
All Article III judges are appointed for life.
What group was concerned about the Constitution's provisions for the strength of the president and the lack of specific guarantees of civil liberties? Tories Federalists Antifederalists Unionists
Antifederalists
Which president used town hall meetings to effectively communicate with the American public? John F. Kennedy George W. Bush Franklin D. Roosevelt Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights. Rights of Man. Bill of Attainder. Social Contract.
Bill of Rights.
Why are McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) relevant to understanding federalism? Both cases expanded state powers to tax and spend. Both cases established that national law was supreme over state law. Both cases established that state law was supreme over national law. Both cases limited the powers of the national government.
Both cases established that national law was supreme over state law.
(Ch. 15)How have changes in judicial policy areas and judicial procedure affected the power of the federal judiciary since World War II? Strong involvement in sweeping policy change has expanded the courts' power, but changes in procedure have sought to limit judicial power. Judicial policy and judicial procedure have remained largely unchanged since World War II Both policy and procedure changes have expanded judicial power. Both policy and procedure changes have lessened judicial power.
Both policy and procedure changes have expanded judicial power.
In terms of federalism, which of the following statements would characterize the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barrack Obama? Both presidents shifted power toward the federal government. Both presidents increased the role of the state governments. Both presidents shifted power toward the state governments. Both presidents reduced the role of the federal government.
Both presidents shifted power toward the federal government.
Which of the following is a reason for the low U.S. voter registration rate? Most states permit Election Day voter registration. Citizens are responsible for registering themselves; the government does not do it for them. The Motor Voter Act has made it more difficult to register. U.S. citizens general do not care about civic engagement and politics.
Citizens are responsible for registering themselves; the government does not do it for them.
Which branch of government has the constitutional power to declare war? Both Congress and the president The president All three branches together Congress
Congress
Who has the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among multiple states, and with Indian tribes? judicial branch state government Congress local government
Congress
Which first spouse had considerable policy influence while her husband was in office? Eleanor Roosevelt Jacqueline Kennedy Michelle Obama Laura Bush
Eleanor Roosevelt
Which of the following has shown the most promise for increasing voter turnout? permanent absentee ballots Election Day registration early voting voting by mail
Election Day registration
How are election days in the United States different from those in Europe? European countries typically hold their elections during the summer. European countries typically hold their elections on Sundays or holidays. European countries do not allow voting by mail or any other form of absentee voting. Most European countries allow voting for 21 days.
European countries typically hold their elections on Sundays or holidays.
The ____ felt that the Constitution should not specifically enumerate protected civil liberties. Federalists populists pluralists Antifederalists
Federalists
The first party system was characterized by conflict between the ______ Whigs and the Federalists. Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans. Whigs and the Jeffersonian Republicans. Democrats and the Republicans.
Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans.
Miranda rights were established by the Supreme Court as an extension of __________ rights. Fifth Amendment Fourth Amendment Seventh Amendment Sixth Amendment
Fifth Amendment
(Ch. 15)If you were an outside interest group and wanted to influence the Supreme Court's ruling on a case it will hear next month, what action would have the most influence? Filing an amicus curiae brief Filing a class-action suit Kidnapping the chief justice's dog Writing the Supreme Court justices a personal letter
Filing an amicus curiae brief
_______________ represents a critical resource that the national party organizations provide to state and local party organizations. Candidate training Congressional endorsements The party platform Financial resources
Financial resources
Congress is a bicameral legislature, which means that its members are divided between the __________. House of Representatives and Senate incumbents and challengers Republicans and Democrats leadership and rank and file
House of Representatives and Senate
____________ try to influence elections, while ____________ try to win them. Social movements; interest groups Interest groups; political parties Candidates; political parties Interest groups; social movements
Interest groups; political parties
What era signaled the rise of a more active national government? World War I era New Deal era Reconstruction era Civil War era
New Deal era
Which of the following is not an argument in favor of establishing a multiparty system in the United States? New parties may spark voter interest and increase turnout. New parties may raise new issues that are ignored by the two major parties. No state has ever tried a multiparty system in the United States before. A third-party option would give voters more choices among candidates and issues.
No state has ever tried a multiparty system in the United States before.
The most important and largest agency in the Executive Office of the President is the National Security Council. Council of Environmental Quality. Council of Economic Advisors. Office of Management and Budget.
Office of Management and Budget.
____________ offers a striking example of how new media can be used to mobilize offline participation in politics. The Christian Coalition's use of churches to mobilize social conservative voters The Obama campaign's decision to advertise significantly in college newspapers The Romney campaign's use of radio and cable advertising to engage Tea Party voters in the 2012 presidential election Online protests against the proposed laws known as SOPA and PIPA
Online protests against the proposed laws known as SOPA and PIPA
____ voting occurs when voting is based on the imagined future performance of a candidate. Evaluative Retrospective Partisan Prospective
Prospective
____ voting occurs when voting is based on the imagined future performance of a candidate. Evaluative Retrospective Prospective Partisan
Prospective
Which event led directly to the Constitutional Convention by providing evidence that the government created under the Articles of Confederation was unable to act decisively in times of national crisis? the Boston Massacre the Boston Tea Party Shays's Rebellion the War of 1812
Shays's Rebellion
According to the authors of your textbook, in recent years, the House has exhibited considerably more intense partisanship and ideological division than the Senate. Why? Because of their narrow constituencies, senators are less inclined to seek compromise than are House members. Since the 1950s, the Republicans have controlled the House, but this has not been the case in the Senate. Leadership is more important in the Senate than in the House; thus senators follow party lines more strictly than House members. Since House members represent more homogeneous districts in which their party is dominant, they are less willing to seek compromise.
Since House members represent more homogeneous districts in which their party is dominant, they are less willing to seek compromise.
During the New Deal era, what did the U.S. Supreme Court do to expand the national government's authority? The Court limited the state's authority to tax corporations and individuals. The Court converted the commerce clause as a source of limitation to a source of power for the national government. The Court allowed the national government to regulate and control all state and local elections. The Court expanded the state authority to raise state militias.
The Court converted the commerce clause as a source of limitation to a source of power for the national government.
Which of the following statements is false about the ratification of the Constitution? The Constitution was ratified in state legislatures. The struggle for ratification was carried out in each individual state. The Antifederalists opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The Federalist was a serialized pamphlet that fought against the ratification of the Constitution.
The Federalist was a serialized pamphlet that fought against the ratification of the Constitution.
If no presidential candidate wins a majority of votes in the Electoral College, what happens? A runoff election is held in closely divided states. It is impossible that no candidate would receive a majority of votes in the electoral college. The names of the top three candidates are submitted to the House, where each state would be able to cast one vote. The names of the top three candidates are submitted to the Senate, where each state will be able to cast one vote.
The names of the top three candidates are submitted to the House, where each state would be able to cast one vote.
How did the Articles of Confederation specify that the executive be selected? national popular election appointment by the judiciary appointment by the Congress There was no executive leader specified in the Articles of Confederation.
There was no executive leader specified in the Articles of Confederation.
The form of government that best describes the American system before the adoption of the Constitution we use today is Byzantine. confederal. unitary. federal.
Which of the following best exemplifies a unitary system of government? The national government establishes general guidelines for school policy. The national government selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools. The national government makes funding for schools dependent on test scores. The national government gives vouchers to parents for use in private schools.
Liberals tend to believe that government should promote ____ and provide ____. freedom; social services equality; social services equality; tax breaks freedom; tax breaks
equality; social services
According to James Madison, a good constitution should be silent on the issue of the formation of interest groups; such groups should not be regulated in a free society. prohibits the formation of interest groups, or factions. should protect the rights of interest groups in a bill of rights. encourages multitudes of interests so that no single interest can ever tyrannize the others.
encourages multitudes of interests so that no single interest can ever tyrannize the others.
Campaign activism involves an interest group endorsing a candidate for office. forming a Political Action Committee. lobbying an ally in Congress. submitting an amicus curiae brief.
endorsing a candidate for office.
The federal courts have established ____ as a critical factor in establishing the boundaries of legislative districts. partisan competition electoral competition equal populations equal geographical size
equal populations
Liberty, democracy, and ____ are the United States' core political values. equality minority rights capitalism responsibility
equality
Which type of equality is most prominent in the United States? output equality equality of opportunity market equality equality of results
equality of opportunity
The nomination process is a party defining the policy standards they will require their candidates to support. defining its platform and policy initiatives. selecting a slate of candidates to lead the party. selecting a single candidate to run for an elective office.
selecting a single candidate to run for an elective office.
Which kind of polling error arises when a sample of public opinion overrepresents or underrepresents some opinions? push polling selection bias margin of error errata
selection bias
What is the name for the practice whereby the president, before formally nominating a person for a federal judgeship, seeks the indication that senators from the candidate's own state support the nomination? senatorial courtesy Senate preclearance executive-legislative agreement advice and consent
senatorial courtesy
Which demographic group tends to vote the most? seniors those without a high school diploma recent college graduates people who earn less than $30,000 per year
seniors
The spirit of Montesquieu inspired the framers to make the judiciary the weakest branch. divide all political powers so each branch has entirely separate powers. set up a system where branches had some powers to themselves and shared other powers with other branches. include a strong executive branch.
set up a system where branches had some powers to themselves and shared other powers with other branches.
Because the Supreme Court has so much influence over American law and politics, virtually all presidents have made an effort to select justices who ____. have won judicial elections share their political philosophies are considered moderate have had careers as law professors
share their political philosophies
Political science research has shown that ____________ in public opinion ____________ to changes in public policy. shifts; do not lead stability; leads stability; does not lead shifts; lead
shifts; lead
The increased use of new media in campaigns has done which of the following? significantly increased the ability of dark-horse and third-party candidates to reach voters decreased the ability of candidates to attract new donors and mobilize voters significantly increased the cost of campaigning and candidate's reliance on corporate donors slightly leveled the campaign playing field by reducing candidate reliance on money from special interests and wealthy donors
significantly increased the ability of dark-horse and third-party candidates to reach voters
Who is the incumbent? the official candidate for a political party, running in the general elections whoever is leading in the polls on the day of the election the candidate who raises the most money during the campaign the current officeholder, running for re-election
the current officeholder, running for re-election
The Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment is most controversial in its application to jail sentences for minors. the death penalty. prosecuting those with mental disabilities. assistance of counsel.
the death penalty.
Protection from domestic or foreign threats is primarily the responsibility of the federal government. state governments. the United Nations. international alliances.
the federal government
The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. all the rights protections in the U.S. Constitution. the freedoms of speech, expression, and assembly. the Civil War Amendments.
the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
When men and women respond differently to issues of public policy, they are demonstrating an example of educational differences. liberalism. party politics. the gender gap.
the gender gap.
As a political value, individual liberty was preeminent for the Constitution's authors. ranked behind equality in the minds of the Constitution's framers. became less important once ratification became certain. was coequal with equality and democracy when examining the Constitution at the founding.
was preeminent for the Constitution's authors.
Controlling the negative impact of factions was the central theme of the Articles of Confederation. provides a new government the ability to suppress the media. was a chief aim of the Antifederalists. was the central goal of governments according to Madison in Federalist No. 10.
was the central goal of governments according to Madison in Federalist No. 10.
One key demonstration of the weakness of the Articles of Confederation was the inability of Washington's Revolutionary War forces to win decisively against the British. was its inability to regulate the rising economic growth during the boom period before the U.S. Constitution. was the ease with which it could be formally amended. was the size and duration of Shays's Rebellion.
was the size and duration of Shays's Rebellion.
According to the authors, who benefits from the American system of private funding of campaigns? Democrats labor unions Republicans wealthy interest groups
wealthy interest groups
The Federalist Papers were advocacy pieces meant to sway public opinion. were 10 essays that formed the basis for the Bill of Rights. were private papers written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay supporting the Constitution. included voices from across the political spectrum.
were advocacy pieces meant to sway public opinion
The reasons behind the British attempts to raise revenues from the colonies prior to the Revolution found largely sympathetic ears in the colonies. remained stable until the innovation of the income tax. were designed to extract resources unfairly. were justified by citing the costs of defending the colonies from Indians and other threats.
were justified by citing the costs of defending the colonies from Indians and other threats.
Which religious group became a significant part of the Republican Party base starting in the 1980s? Muslims white evangelical Protestants Jews Hindus
white evangelical Protestants
Which of the following voters is most likely to support the Republican Party? Latina African American white female white male
white male
The right to vote was granted to which of the following groups in 1920? 18-year-olds Asian Americans African Americans women
women
The Internet and comedy television are the main sources of campaign news for Asian Americans. younger Americans. older Americans. Latino Americans.
younger Americans.
