Gov chapter 11

Political scientists argue that broadly available Internet access

increases political capital among those citizens who already possess high levels of political capital.

Technology has ______ the cost of political communication.

reduced

A Google ad for a Republican presidential candidate that is posted on a search results page after an Internet user has visited the national Republican Party website is an example of

remarketing

Targeting Google political ads based on the hits users drop on other sites is known as

remarking

Which of the following has proved to be the most important technological tool for terrorist organizations?

social media

A shortened term for a video weblog is

vlog

The chief condition fueling the digital divide is

age

A cyber cascade occurs when an electronic document

goes viral

Online networks where individuals perform as leaders, information and opinions can be shared, and strategies can be planned, priorities organized, and roles assigned are known as

virtual communities

How do virtual communities enhance civic engagement?

They allow individuals with similar interests to find each other and organize online and in the real world. They provide a way for people living in disparate regions to collaborate and share political information.

How do campaign marketing companies, such as Campaign Grid, utilize cookies to help clients communicate to voters?

They identify the preferences and interests of potential voters based on Web pages they access.

Users of the 2008 Obama campaign website could perform which of the following functions?

choose to receive instant campaign news organize canvassing operations make computer-assisted calls to undecided voters

A photo of Mitt Romney posing with five children whose T-shirts spelled out the word money that was widely distributed online is an example of

cyber cascading.

Which of the following refers to the possibility that a nation or group might intentionally do damage to the technological or financial infrastructure of a nation?

cyber threat

Which inaccurate news story originated on Internet sites and remained prominent due to Internet coverage?

President Obama's citizenship status

Technology poses which of the following challenges to both users and society?

free speech issues issues related to misinformation threat of cyber attack privacy issues

Which of the following characteristics have contributed to a "digital divide," or unequal access to computer technology and viable political information available via digital technologies?

income gaps disabilities

The use of social media sources, such as Facebook, tends to ______ civic engagement and participation in the real world.

increase

As the number of blogs has increased exponentially, the credibility of the blogosphere has ______ among the members of the mainstream media.

increased

Which of the following advantages does e-Government offer?

increased efficiency decreased government spending

One concern about the dominance of "big tech" is that

its widespread use makes it too powerful

Which government service could benefit from privacy-compromising aspects of Internet and cellular technology?

law enforcement

State-sponsored cyber threats are typically done for the purpose of

learning about financial and infrastructure systems

The #metoo movement is best characterized as which of the following?

macro-protest

Information on some some websites about the SOPA and PIPA bills, which asked people to contact lawmakers and encourage them to reject the bills, is an example of

macro-protesting

Which of the following Internet tactics do individuals and organizations sometimes use to advocate politically?

macro-protesting hacktivism e-petitioning

A political ad for a Democratic candidate for the Senate that runs before a YouTube video that a person is about to watch is an example of

micro targeting

Which government priority has been the root of most technological innovation?

national security and defense

Services that compile in one location the news we want from various outlets are known as

news aggregators

Which of the following can citizens currently do online?

obtain and renew certain licenses or certifications

Which democratic ideal faces the greatest threat from the Internet and smartphone technology?

privacy

Who hailed Edward Snowden as a whistleblower and a hero?

privacy rights advocates

Which of the following refers to targeted advertising found on a Twitter page that targets Twitter users based on whom they follow and who follows them?

promoted tweet

Which of the following is the most powerful technological tool to help foster macro-protests?

social media

Platforms that enable users to create a profile, specify which users they can connect with, and connect with other users are known as ____________ _____________ sites.

social networking

A trivial video or audio clip that gets forwarded and shared and drives the political news in unexpected directions is described as

"going viral."

Which of the following issues arose from the government's attempts to get into the iPhone of an ISIS sympathizer who killed 14 and injured 22 in an attack in San Bernardino, California?

whether tech companies should assist governments in their attempts to get information that might thwart criminal activities

Which age group has the highest level of Internet use?

18-29

The use of the Internet was solidified in the presidential campaign of

2008

Which of the following was a watershed election for the use of technology?

2008 presidential contest

Approximately what percentage of American adults use the Internet?

90%

Which of the following organizations has claimed to be involved in hacktivism?

Anonymous

The community of bloggers is known as the

Blogosphere

How do blogs compare to real-life political or civic groups?

Blogs organize many of the same political activities and provide many of the same benefits.

How has technology transformed American politics and government?

Campaigns connect to potential voters directly. Citizens enjoy immediate access to political content. Citizens are no longer merely consumers of media but can create and respond to political content. Government provides services through the Internet.

How will fewer people watching television in real-time impact political advertising?

Campaigns will post shorter spots on Internet sites such as YouTube and Hulu.

Which candidate for president in 2016 was adept at using social media such as Twitter to generate media attention?

Donald Trump

Which of the following exemplifies the problem that the omnipresent nature of technology presents for political candidates?

Donald Trump and the Access Hollywood tapes

Which trend is accelerating the use of smartphone applications by political campaigns to target voters with campaign advertising?

Fewer people are watching television in real-time so advertising cannot reach them.

Which of the following are examples of news aggregators?

Google News Drudge Report Huffington Post

How has technology impacted the quantity of political information available to voters?

It has increased the quantity.

Which of the following statements about the on-demand news cycle are true?

It lessens the ability of government officials to manipulate the news cycle. It often fails to provide context for important current events as they unfold

Who was the first candidate to recognize how a campaign could utilize the Internet to mobilize grassroots support?

Jesse Ventura

The idea that Internet traffic should flow through the Internet pipeline without interference or discrimination by those who own or are running the pipeline is referred to as

Net neutrality

How have social networking and Internet resources positively impacted the ability of candidates and campaigns to communicate their message?

New media can make mobilizing supporters more affordable

Which of the following are challenges technology presents to democracy?

New technologies make it easier to communicate hate speech. New technologies increase the forums for communicating inaccurate information. New technologies provide a voice for extremists.

What reasons do critics of Internet regulation offer to support their argument against federal legislation?

Regulation would destroy Net neutrality. Regulation would diminish the openness of the Internet.

What country orchestrated an attempt to influence the outcome of the 2016 presidential election?

Russia

Which of the following best describes the impact of technology on the democratic process?

Technology has the potential to serve as a means by which people can exercise control over their democracy.

Which of the following are examples of the positive impact the Internet and other new technologies, such as smartphones, have had on politics and democracy?

Technology puts the power to communicate into the hands of the masses. New media provide a forum for like-minded citizens to connect. Technology puts communication outside of the reach of government control or manipulation.

What did the classified documents released by Edward Snowden reveal?

The NSA had engaged in a vast array of domestic surveillance tactics.

What methods did the National Security Agency purportedly use to conduct domestic surveillance?

The NSA monitored the location of cell phones. They monitored communication traffic over Facebook, YouTube, Skype, and AOL. They infiltrated popular online video games to search for terrorists. They compelled U.S. telecommunications corporations to provide information about telephone calls made within the U.S.

How does the Internet nurture partisan and extremist views?

The forum makes it easy to find sources that support your beliefs while ignoring those that challenge your worldview.

How should citizens treat news information provided by Internet sources?

With a healthy dose of skepticism, as Internet sources do not employ independent editing

According to communications scholar Howard Rheingold, digital technology will impact younger generations in what way?

Younger generations will utilize digital technology to consume and share political opinions and content

Match the term to its description. big data, micro targeting, re marketing

big data- large data sets collected from numerous sources that through analysis can indicate individual preferences and opinions micro targeting- data-mining techniques that facilitate the tracking of individual voter preferences so that tailored messages in various forms can be used to generate support, contributions, and votes re marketing- targeting political Google ads based on the cookies that a user drops on other websites

What was the result of the 2015 USA Freedom Act?

a rollback of NSA powers

As a result of increased bandwidth, communication is now

a two-way street.

Why has the Internet overwhelmed our guarantees of free speech?

because the volume of communication is constantly expanding because of the enormous volume of communication

Data sets collected from numerous sources that through computational analysis can indicate individual patterns, associations, preferences, and opinions is known as

big data

Which term refers to that large number of technology companies that have an enormous influence in the everyday lives of Americans, including Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Twitter?

big tech

The term bandwidth refers to the amount of _____________ that can travel through a transmission medium in a given time period.

data

Employment of the Internet for delivering government information and services to the citizens is known as

e-Government

Some organizations have been particularly effective at using the Internet to assemble like-minded individuals in a process that is referred to as

e-mobilization

Which of the following tools is effectively used by organizations that e-mobilize?

e-petitions

Which of the following are obstacles for law enforcement that are created by new technology?

encrypted messaging systems use by criminal elements of technology platforms for recruitment and organization hardware issues like passwords

True or false: Technology has played an overwhelmingly negative role in politics around the world.

false

True or false: The rapid expansion of Internet technology has made it easier for presidential campaigns to manage the news

false

True or false: Unlike countries in Europe, the United States aggressively regulates hate speech on the Internet.

false

A fairly recent innovation in Internet communication is ______, which allows individuals—say, John Green or Jon Stewart—to post video messages.

the vlog

Virtual communities have been particularly important for providing access to which of the following groups?

those with disabilities

The ability of citizens to have more and better information about governmental processes and services is known as government

transparency

True or false: Russia's attempt to undermine the 2016 presidential election was not an isolated incident, but rather part of an intentional strategy of undermining the democratic process in the U.S. and other countries around the world.

true

True or false: The Internet is partly responsible for the decline in civility in public discourse in the United States

true

True or false: The roots of most technological innovation stem from government needs.

true