Gov. Unit 3 Review
When Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops into central high school inn Little Rock, Arkansas, In 1957, it was demonstrated that the
president make make unilateral use of then emergency powers to protect states against domestic disorder
Dwight Eisenhower used ____ inn 1957 to send troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to help desegregate Central High School
presidential emergency power
A filibuster allows members of the senate to
prevent a vote on a bill
cloture
procedure to end the filibuster; requires approval of 3/5 of the senate
CBO (Congressional Budget Office)
provides then congress with objective, nonpartisan, and timely information, analyzes and estimates related to federal economic and budgetary decisions
a presidential emergency declaration -
remains in force for only one year unless it is renewed by the president
Senators
represent much larger and more diverse constituencies - they are elected by statewide votes
substantive representation
representatives are held accountable to a constituency if they fail to represent that constituency properly
descriptive representation
representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents.
Constituency
residents in the area from which an official is elected
Patronage
resources are available to officials to provide to supporters. Ex. grants, licenses, special favors
Senate
- six year terms - must be at least 30 years old - 100 members - two per state - originally elected by state legislatures - today elected by people of the state
House
- two year terms - must be at least 25 years old - 435 members - elected by the people of the district (local)
the president has ____ days to sign or veto a law once it reaches his or her desk
10
The office of the president was established by Article ____ of the Constitution
2
what is required for congress to override a presidential veto
2/3 votes of both houses of congress
The number of seats in the House of Reps has been fixed at ______ since _____
435;1929
Approximately _____ of the ______ bills introduced inn a typical congressional session die in committee.
85%;10,000
In 2018, about ____ of US House incumbents won re-election
90%
delegate
A member of congress who votes according to the preferences of his constituency is called a
trustee
A senator who votes based on what she thinks is best for her constituency is called a
The presidents delegated powers come from
Congress
A member of the House of representatives that helps a constituent apply for social security benefits is engaging in
Constituency service
_____ powers are specifically established by the language of the constitution.
Expressed
T/F - Use of the veto remained constant across presidential administrations, and vetoes are frequently overidden
F
T/F Only once as a Vice President and to replace a president in office
F
What is then purpose of the national security council?
It assimilates and analyzes data from various gov sources and makes recommendations about protecting the country
In the senate, the most senior leadership role is _____. In the house, the Most senior leadership role is _____.
Majority leader;Speaker
The executive office of the president includes -
Office of management and budget council of economic advisors national security council
_______ occurs when the president directs administrative agencies to promulgate specific rules and regulations.
Regulatory review
In the House of reps, virtually all the time allotted by the rules committee for debate one a given bill is controlled by the
Rules Committee chairperson
Over the past several decades, the ______ and the ______ have benefited most from apportionment?
South;west
T/F - Use of the veto varies considerably across presidential administrations, and vetoes are seldom overidden
T
T/F Several Vice Presidents have had to take on the presidency after the president has died or resigned
T
How is the speaker of the house determined?
The elected leader of the majority party in the house is the speaker.
Who elects the minority leader?
The minority party
The last time congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was during
World War II
CRS (Congressional Research Service) -
a division of the library of congress. they produce analytical, non-partisan reports one topics of interest to members of congress.
logrolling
a means by which legislators with nothing in common trade support, effectively saying to each other, "you support me on ill x and ill support you on bill y"
Private bill
a proposal in Congress to provide a specific person with some kind of relief, (often involving citizenship)
Delegate
a representative who acts and votes according to the preferences of his or her constituency
Trustee
a representative who votes based on what he or she thinks is best for his or her constituency
When a president recognizes a country, it means that the US
acknowledges the legitimacy of tat country's gov
Incumbents have an advantage or disadvantage ?
advantage
The annexation of Texas happened as a result of
an executive order
GAO (Government Accountability Office)
an independent nonpartisan federal agency that works for congress. often called the "congressional watchdog" GAO investigates how the federal gov. spends taxpayer dollars.
The process of allocating congressional seats among the states is called
apportionment
A proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of congress is called a
bill
The secretary of education, secretary of defense, and secretary of tech interior are all members of the
cabinet
Under the rules of then US Senate, the introduction of new amendments -
can be stopped only by a vote of 60 senators
If a state gov makes a formal request that the president deploy federal troops, the president
can refuse to send federal troops at his or her discretion
A democratic meeting is called a
caucus
When democrats gather in the house to elect their House leaders every 2 years, this is called a
caucus
The "Nuclear Option" refers to a
change to then filibuster rules enacted in 2013 that prevents the filibustering of nominees for positions in the executive branch and the federal courts
The presidents military powers can best be observed inn their role as -
commander in chief
In _____, legislators rewrite bills to reflect cages discussed during hearings.
committee markup
joint committee
committees between the 2 chambers
Standing committees serve an important role by
conducting hearings and launching investigations
A republican meeting is called a
conference
When republicans gather in the House to elect their House leaders every 2 years, this is called a
conference
During then 19th century, ____ was americas dominant institution of gov
congress
Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
courts invalidated that some sections of the Voting Rights Act
Miller V. Johnson (1995)
courts ruled that race could not be the predominant factor in creating electoral districts
Executive agreements are part of a president _______ powers
diplomatic
Executive agreements differ from formal treaties in that they
do not have to be approved by 2/3 vote of the senate
types of joint committees
economic taxation library printing
Majority Leader of the house
elected by the majority party; second in leadership after the speaker
An emergence declaration relating to foreign threats allows the president to
embargo trade, seize foreign assets, and prohibit transactions with whatever foreign nations are involved
3 components of presidents "administrative strategy" have been
enhancing the power of the executive office of then president, increasing white house control over the federal bureaucracy, and expanding the role of executive orders and other instruments of direct presidential governance
In order to get around then need for senate approval of treaties, many contemporary presidents have made use of ____ in foreign affairs
executive agreements
When the president grants a pardon to someone convicted of federals crime, this is an example of using one of their _____ powers
expressed
What are methods US Senators can use to block or delay debate on a bill ?
filibustering, adding amendments to a bill, and placing a hold on a bill.
If a member of congress directs a great deal of federal funding to build dams that are not really necessary in her state but create a lot jobs, the member of congress is doing what
gerrymandering
when presidents use popular appeals in Ann attempt to create a mass. base of support that will allow them to accomplish their goals, it is referred to as
going public
Congressional Caucases
groups of senators or representatives who share common goals, interests, or social characteristics.
bills that are taken seriously are given a ________
hearing
select committees cannot present bills to the chamber, so they -
hold hearings to investigate particular problems
The main difference between inherent and implied powers is that
implied powers can be traced to the powers expressed in note actual language of the constitution wile inherent powers derive from national sovereignty
Representatives
in the house serve distinct districts within each state
Holding a political office for which one is running is called
incumbency
A senator or representative running for re-election is called the
incumbent
Senators' longer terms of office and larger, more heterogeneous constituencies makes them more
insulated from the pressure of individual, narrow, and immediate interests.
Pork Barrel Legislation
involves money spent for local projects that are often not needed but are intended to help legislators get re-elected
omnibus appropriation bills
large bills that deal with a number of unrelated topics
Speaker of the house is the
leader of the majority party and chief presiding officer of the house of reps (they also have the most influence of the legislative process)
minority leader of the house
leader of the minority party; elected by the minority party
staff agencies -
legislative support agencies responsible for policy analysis. Ex. congressional research service government accountability office congressional budget office
within each committee, most of the time, hierarchy is based on ______
seniority
conference committee
special committee designed to bring together 2 bills
A legislative "hold" is a
stalling tactic used in the US senate to delay debate on a bill
Then committee system includes
standing committees select committees joint committees conference committees
The Constitution attempts to restrain the presidents use of domestic force by
stating that a state gov must request federal troops before the president can deploy them within tat state to provide public order
Most standing committees are broken into ______ that specialize in aspects of the committees work
subcommittees
Filibuster
tactic to prevent action one legislation by holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down
select committees -
temporary legislative committees set up to highlight or investigate a particular issue
Which congressional staff agency assesses the economic implications and likely costs of proposed federal programs
the Congressional Budget Office
money bills can only be introduced by ________
the house
whip
the party member who keeps the party in line they coordinate the party's legislative;ative strategy, builds support for then leadership's agenda, and counts votes
Redistricting
the process of redrawing elections districts and redistributing legislative representatives every 10 years to reflect shifts in population or in response to legal challenges to existing districts
Apportionment
the process, occurring after every decennial census, that allocates congressional seats among the 50 states
Who is a member of the national security council
the secretary of defense
President Pro Tempore of the Senate
the senator with the greatest seniority in the majority party
If a president claims executive privilege, they are saying -
their communications with close advisors should be confidential
perjury
to lie under oath
bicameral
two chambered
Gerrymandering
when new districts are drawn in such a way to advantage one group or party
whip system
whips take polls of all members to learn their intentions on bills
Which of the following are the most salient 3 factors related to the American electoral system that affect who is elected to office?
who decides to run for office, incumbency, and the drawing of district lines
seniority
who's been there the longest gets the chair
The frequency with which they must seek re-election makes members of the US House of Representatives
more responsive to the needs of local interest groups inn the districts they represent
Environ
part of a county but not part of a city
Each standing committee covers a ?
particular subject matter ex. agriculture, armed services, energy and commerce
standing committes
permanent committees with the power to propose and write legislation
open rules
permits more floor debate and makes it easier to add amendments to bill
closed rules
place severe limits on floor debate and amendments
What are then building blocks of a congressional organization
political parties committee system congressional staff caucuses parliamentary rules of the house and senate
When senator Robert Byrd steered brought federal money to build highways, dams, and government facilities to his state of West Virginia, he was doing what
pork barreling
