government

In the writing of the Constitution, which concept was adopted from John Locke?

individual liberty and property

Numerous recent preemptions have focused on

homeland security

​The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.

intergovernmental system

In McCulloch v. Maryland, ​the Court argued that "the power to tax...

involves the power to destroy."

_________ is the primary form of checks and balances used by the Supreme Court.

judicial review

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

layer cake

A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)

mandate

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

marble cake

In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are

mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?

The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined.

Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?

The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.

Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as

aliens

According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it​

allowed inequality and supported racism.

The power of the president to veto laws is an example of

checks & balances

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks & balances

What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government?

checks & balances

The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.​

commerce clause

Conservatives are often associated with ___________, while liberals are often associated with

dual federalism; cooperative federalism.

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

establish a national bank

Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?​

All previously unelected officials, such as those in programs that deal with transportation and social services, are now elected.

A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a

governor

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally

increased national power

Judicial review gives __________.

the Supreme Court the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

Which of the following is a reason for the separation of powers?

to prevent tyranny by any one branch

States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its ​activities to

​making laws in areas not specifically granted in the constitution to the states.

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government​ are settled by

​the supreme court.

The __________ of powers is a key feature of the government established by the Constitution.

separation

In James Madison's words, "to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other," best describes the concept of

separation of powers

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as

separation of powers

___________________ is the assignment of the lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions of government to independent legislative, executive, and judicial branches, respectively.

separation of powers

A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

special district

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.

cooporative

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

cooporative federalism

Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

90,000

Why was the Marbury v. Madison decision important?

It let the Supreme Court overturn acts of Congress.

The concept of separation of power was most aptly described in

Montesquieu's Spirit of the Law

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

Consider the following information: the president can veto the acts of Congress while the legislative branch holds the purse strings and approves presidential nominees. Judicial review is not specifically described in the original Constitution, but the Supreme Court soon asserted its power to overturn the laws of Congress and the states, as well as presidential actions, that the Court determined to be in conflict with the Constitution. This is an apt description of

checks and balances

Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently​

favored states' rights

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to

federal gov; states

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.

implied

Although the branches of government are separate, the American people believe which branch of government is the most trustworthy?

supreme court/judicial branch

In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using

the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.