Grade 4, Chapter 11, Matter
Density
The amount of mass in a certain volume of matter
Give an example of a phase change. (ex. Solid to liquid, liquid to gas)
Ice will melt and return to water, and water will boil and turn into a gas (steam) during evaporation.
Using the three states of Matter, (Solid, Liquid & Gas), explain what the particles do in each and draw illustration.
In Solids, the particles are very close together (packed tightly) In Liquids, the particles are close together, but not tightly packed & In Gases, the particles are further apart
To find the volume of something, you must multiply ____ x___ x ____.
Length x Height x width
A _____________ does not have a specific shape.
Liquid
__________ is a more specific measure than weight because it will not change if moved to a different location.
Mass (Your mass would be the same on the Moon as it is on Earth)
To find the density of a substance you say ________ ___________.
Mass divided by volume; D= m/v
How can you measure the volume of a box?
Measure the length x width x height
The __________ _____________ is a physical property that can help determine what a substance is.
Melting Point
Liquids are often measured in ______
Milliliters (ML)
A combination of two or more things is a ______________.
Mixture
Peas and carrots is an example of a Mixture or a solution?
Mixture
What is the purpose of the periodic table?
The Periodic Table classifies and organizes the elements based on their common properties to make classification easier.
Solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Sugar has a high solubility in liquids. It will dissolve if mixed in water.
What causes particles in a substance to move faster and further apart?
Heat or energy
Does hot or cold water dissolve things more quickly?
Hot water dissolves things more quickly
Explain what matter is.
That which is made up smaller particles, has mass and volume.
One gram equals ________ milligrams.
1000 (so, if something weighs 4 grams, it weighs 4000 mg)
Lead melts at _______ degrees Celcius, and Iron melts at _________ degrees Celcius.
328 degrees C, and 1535 degrees C
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. May change size, shape, or state of matter (like water freezes to ice), but it doesn't change the particles of the matter.
Chemical Change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances Add heat to a cracked, raw egg, and you get this- a fried egg.
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances. In a solution, this is the substance that dissolves another substance. Ex: In sweet tea, the water is the solvent that dissolves the sugar (solute)
Solution
A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance because one dissolves into another, like sugar mixed into warm tea. Once the solution has been formed, the parts mixed are hard to separate.
Compare and Contrast Mixtures and Solutions
A mixture is a combination of one or more things that can be easily separated, and a solution is a combination of one or more things that cannot be easily separated. ( Mixtures are made up of two or more substances mixed together, but not chemically combined. In solutions, the mixed mixture has particles that are small and dissolve into one another.)
What tool should be used to compare the mass of two things?
A pan balance
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution. Ex: In sweet tea, the solute is the sugar. The water (solvent) dissolves the sugar.
How can you change an object's mass?
Add or remove matter from the object
A mixture is a combination where the things are only combined physically, but not combined _____________.
Chemically
The amount of mass in a certain volume is called ________.
Density
The simplest pure substances are called ___________.
Elements
Ice dissolves __________in water if it is crushed than if it is in a cube.
Faster
How could you physically change a piece of paper? chemically?
Fold it for physical change, burn it for chemical
To measure liquids, you can use a _________ __________.
Graduated cylinder
The standard unit of mass in the metric system is the ________.
Gram
What is one way that all mixtures are alike? What is one way that all solutions are different from other mixtures?
Mixtures are all alike because they are a combination of one or more things. Solutions are different than other mixtures because something is dissolved and the parts cannot be easily separated.
Name some examples of Mixtures & Solutions.
Mixtures- Trail mix, bag of jellybeans, sugar and salt (here, the things mixed do not change) Solutions- Lemonade, Chocolate milk, Kool-Aid, Sweet Tea (here, the mixtures are hard to separate)
A liquid that is _______ dense will go to the bottom, while a liquid that is _______ dense will float to the top.
More dense will go to bottom, less dense will float to top.
A large paperclip weighs about _____ _______
One gram
The elements are organized in a chart called the _______ __________.
Periodic Table
Freezing and boiling are examples of ____________ change.
Physical
If a nail rusts, then both the nail and the rust have different __________.
Properties
You can easily ________ a mixture.
Separate
An object's density will determine whether it ________ or __________ in a liquid.
Sinks or floats
Your weight on Earth is about ____ times what it would be on the moon.
Six- (you would be very light on the moon)
A measure of the amount of a substance that dissolves in another is ______________
Solubility
The substance which gets dissolved is the _____________.
Solute
One or more substances is dissolved in a ____________.
Solution
The substance that dissolves the other substances is the _________.
Solvent
List some examples of a chemical change
Something burning, rusting, cooking, tarnishing, changing of colors of leaves in the fall, lighting a firework
Cubic centimeters are units used to measure the _________ of solids.
Volume
________ is the amount of space that matter takes up.
Volume
Water freezes at ___ degrees Celcius.
Zero degrees Celcius
Tarnishing, Burning, Dissolving and rusting are examples of _____________ change.
chemical
If two solids have the same masses and different volumes, they have ________________ densities.
different
What are some of the metric units that are used to measure mass?
kilograms (kg), Grams (G), and Milligrams (mg)
An ice cube is _________ dense than liquid water.
less; that is why it floats in the water.
Four ways to know if a chemical change has taken place are:
may have a different color, smell, form, temperature or give off heat
Volume is the amount of _______ that matter takes up.
space