Gross - Survey of Ab and Pelvic Viscera - T2
pelvis consists of what
- 2 hip bones, the sacrum and coccyx - each hip bone consists of the ilium, ishium and pubis
how much does the urinary bladder vary
- 50-500ml - aka a ton
what that supplies area around the ileocecal junction
- a branch from the superior mesenteric - called the ileocolic a - this runs down towards the location where the ileum (final part of the sm int) meets the cecum (beginning of lg int)
transverse mesocolon does what
- a broad, peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen
transpyloric plane location
- a horizontal plane loc'd 1/2 way btwn the suprasternal notch of manubrium and the symphysis pubis (L1-L2 loc)
pelvic diaphragm info
- a muscular sling that represents the inferior boundary of abdominopelvic cavity
vagina def and loc
- a musculomembranous tube - it lies mostly posterior to the urinary bladder
shape of the spleen
- a short wide canoe
what is the veriform appendix
- a small closed tube at the end of the cecum of the lg intestines
pathway to the internal iliac a
- abdom aorta --> common iliac a --> internal iliac a
transumbilical plane def
- about the same as the subcostal plane - in a person with a flat abdomen the umbilicus marks L3-4 lumber intervertebral disc
superior pelvic aperture
- aka pelvic inlet or brim - the hole from the top - this is formed from the arcuate line of ilium and pectineal line of the pubis
ligamentum teres of the liver aka and info
- aka the ligamentum venosum - fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation
superior mesenteric a supplies
- all the small intestine - note: the celiac trunk helps supply the duodenum but that is it
location of ovaries in non-pregnant women
- at the bifurcations of the internal and external iliac arteries
what is the blood supply to the viscera of the pelvis
- branches of the internal iliac a
what supplies the supramesocolic space
- branches off of the celiac trunk/artery - the 1st unpaired branch off the descending aorta
lower right quadrant contains (4)
- coils of sm intest - ileocecal junction - vermiform appendix - ascending colon
lower left quadrant (3)
- coils of sm intestines (can distinguish btwn ileum and jejunum) - descending colon - sigmoid colon
isthmus info
- constricted zone of uterus
falciform ligament
- divides the right and left liver lobes - see on ant side
what empties into a dilated part of the urethra in men (2)
- ductus deferens - seminal vessicles - where these 2 meet = the EJACULATORY DUCT
2 organs at the root of the transverse mesocolon
- duodenum - pancreas (deep to stomach)
teniae coli info
- feature of the lg intestine - 3 thickened strips of longitudunal m
ends of uterine tubes are _______
- fimbrated - ie the end have fimbrae
ureters info
- go from kidney to bladder - enter the bladder on its posterior aspect (the base)
stomach 4 main landmarks
- greater curvature - lesser curvature - lesser omentum - greater omentum
spleen job
- highly vascular - stores lymophocytes and RBCs
what are the ovaries
- hormone producing glands - and site of dev of egg cells
organs at the root of the transverse mesocolon are supplied by
- ie duodenum and pancreas - celiac AND the superior mesenteric aa
uterine tubes info
- ie oviducts - they jut upward and posterolaterally to bring the fimbrated ends of the tubes in close to the ovaries
cervix info (2)
- inferior to the isthmus - most of the cervix projects inferiorily into the vagina creating "cul-de-sacs" (?)
uterus location
- interposed btwn the rectum and bladder
ductus deferens info
- it becomes enlarged as it approaches the prostate - the enlargement is called the ampulla of ductus def
major duodenal papilla info
- it connects to the 2nd part of the duodenum - its the swelling in that part of the duodenum from the hepatopancreatic duct and spinchter of m around it
hepatopancreatic duct goes where (and info)
- it connects to the 2nd part of the duodenum - the combined duct and sphincteric m. cause a swelling called the major duodenal papilla in the second part of the duodenum
greater omentum info
- it connects to the greater curvature and stretches inferiorily to overlie much of the small intestine - it attaches to the transverse colon --> which means that it obscures being able to see the transverse mesocolon
urinary bladder info
- it varies greatly in size depending on age, gender and state of filling
define retroperiotoneal
- items that lie behind the peritoneum that covers the back of the abdominal wall
pancreas function info
- its a gland - has both endocrine and exocrine function
location of the pancreas
- its retropreitoneal except for its tail - its head nestles in the curve of the duodenum
prostate info (3)
- its the largest accessory gland in male repro tract - it surrounds the urethra - usually its as small as a chesnut
the jejunum vs ileum arts
- jejunum has few arcades & long vasa recta - ileum has lots of arcades & short vasa recta ----all coming off the superior mesenteric
pancreatic duct info
- joins with the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic duct before entering the 2nd part of the dudodenum
where is the ileocecal junction found (loc and spinal level)
- just anterior to the right sacroiliac joint - spinal level S2 - ileum (sm intest) cecum begin lg int
what is constidered retroperitoneal in the ab cavity (7)
- kidneys - ureters - suprarenal glands - aorta - inferior vena cava - pancrease (except its tail) - sympathetic trunk
retroperitoneal left quadrant contains
- left kidney - left suprarenal gland
epiploic appendages info
- lg int - small pouches if peritoneum that contain fat - look like dangling fat blobs!
3 ways the lg and sm intest are easily distinguished
- lg int has 3 thickened strips of longitudunal m called teniae coli - sacculations (aka haustra) are found btwn the teniae coli - epiploic appendages, small pouches if peritoneum filled with fat are found ***the sm intest is smooth***
how does the ovary attach to the uterus
- ligament of ovary
upper right quadrant contains (3)
- liver - gallbladder - gastrointestinal duct
upper right quadrant contains what retroperitoneally (4)
- most of duodenum - head and neck of pancreas - right kidney - most of the common bile duct
ampulla
- name for the enlarged area of the ductus deferens - ie ampulla of ductus deferens
the abdominal cavity contains (6)
- organs of digestion (stom, sm and lg intest) - spleen - kidneys - ureters - suprarenal glands - peritoneum (serous membrane)
fundus info
- part of the uterus that is superior to the uterine tubes
pathway of ductus deferens
- passes upward, lateral and forward to enter the deep inguinal ring at the anterior abdominal wall
sigmoid colon aka
- pelvic colon
the superior pelvic apeture seperates what
- pelvis major (FALSE PELVIS) above from pelvis minor (TRUE PELVIS) below - ie below the purple lines, and brim = true pelvis
biochem function of the liver
- produce bile which aids in the digestion of fat
in addition to shared items in the pelvic cavity, men also have
- prostate gland - ejaculatory ducts - seminal vescicles - part of ductus deferens
what empties into the prostatic part of the urethra
- prostatic ductles
where does the infolateral surface of the bladder rest in males
- pubic bones and prostate
transpyloric plane is good for finding what (4)
- pyloris - duodenojejunal flaxure - neck of the pancreas - and the hili of the kidneys
pelvic cavity in both genders contains (4)
- rectum - pelvic colon - bladder - termini of ureters
liver lobes
- right - left - quadrate (posterior - btwn gallblader and ligumentum teres) - caudate
what marks the highest excursion of the diaphragm during expiration
- right 4th intercostal space - left 5th intercostal space
what are the 2 main lobes of the liver and what divides them
- right and left - dividing them is the FALCIFORM LIGAMENT and the fissure for the ligamentum venosum
pathway to the common bile duct
- right and left hepatic ducts combine ---> common hepatic duct ---> then the the cyctic duct from the gallbladder joins --> after that it is the common bile duct
landmarking cecum vs ascending colon info
- sma int - ileum joins with the lg intestines via a valve in lower right quad - below the valve = cecum - above the valve = ascending colon
abdominopelvic cavity boundaries (3)
- space defined by inf surface of diaphragm - the abdominopelvic wall - superior surface of the muscular floor of the pelvis
upper left quadrant contains
- spleen - stomach
what is the 2nd unpaired branch off the descending aorta
- superior mesenteric a
rectum pathway
- swings forward along the curve of sacrum and coccyx --> meets anal canal at right angle in the anal triangle
what forms the superior pevlic apeture
- the arcuate line of ilium and - pectineal line of the pubis
what is the broad ligament
- the broad ligament of the uterus - it is peritoneum that is draped over the uterus and oviducts (uterine tubes) ****this is posterior veiw
what is the 1st unpaired branch of the descending aorta
- the celiac a/celiac trunk
what forms the hepatopancreatic duct
- the common bile duct (from R and L hep ducts and cystic duct) and the pancreatic duct form the hepatopancreatic duct
perenium contains
- the external genitals and anal canal
duodenum and pancreas location
- the head of the panc, is nestled into the duodenum
3rd unpaired branch off the descending aorta is called
- the inferior mesenteric
what artery supplies the abdominal portion of the large intestines
- the inferior mesenteric (3rd unpaired branch off des aorta)
what is the largest gland in the body
- the liver
what is located inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
- the perenium which contains the external genitals and anal canal
where does the infolateral surface of the bladder rest in females
- the pubic bones and urogenital diaphragm
deep inguinal ring in men is analogus to what in women
- the round ligament of the uterus
pancreas is located deep to
- the stomach
what does the ileocolic a branch from
- the superior mesenteric
what is used to landmark to create the abdom quadrants?
- the umbilicus
what happens to the surface features the lg int becomes rectum
- there are no longer tenae coli, haustra or epiploic appendages on the surface
hepatic ducts info
- there is a right and left hepatic duct (just inf to the lobes)
fornices in the vagina info
- there is an anterior and posterior fornix - these are created by the cervix jutting inferiorily into the vagina
haustra info
- these are sacculations btwn the teniae coli - lg int
gallbladder job
- to store and concentrate bile that is produced by the liver
the greeater omentum goes from stomach to ______
- transverse colon (which obscures the transverse mesocolon)
greater omentum overlies what
- transverse colon and sm intest (ileum and jejunum)
what is the transverse mesocolon used to landmark
- used to differentiate the supramesocolic and inframesocolic spaces
oviducts =
- uterine tubes
in addition to shared items in the pelvic cavity, women also have
- uterus - ovaries - oviducts - part of the vagina
