Gross - Survey of Ab and Pelvic Viscera - T2

pelvis consists of what

- 2 hip bones, the sacrum and coccyx - each hip bone consists of the ilium, ishium and pubis

how much does the urinary bladder vary

- 50-500ml - aka a ton

what that supplies area around the ileocecal junction

- a branch from the superior mesenteric - called the ileocolic a - this runs down towards the location where the ileum (final part of the sm int) meets the cecum (beginning of lg int)

transverse mesocolon does what

- a broad, peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen

transpyloric plane location

- a horizontal plane loc'd 1/2 way btwn the suprasternal notch of manubrium and the symphysis pubis (L1-L2 loc)

pelvic diaphragm info

- a muscular sling that represents the inferior boundary of abdominopelvic cavity

vagina def and loc

- a musculomembranous tube - it lies mostly posterior to the urinary bladder

shape of the spleen

- a short wide canoe

what is the veriform appendix

- a small closed tube at the end of the cecum of the lg intestines

pathway to the internal iliac a

- abdom aorta --> common iliac a --> internal iliac a

transumbilical plane def

- about the same as the subcostal plane - in a person with a flat abdomen the umbilicus marks L3-4 lumber intervertebral disc

superior pelvic aperture

- aka pelvic inlet or brim - the hole from the top - this is formed from the arcuate line of ilium and pectineal line of the pubis

ligamentum teres of the liver aka and info

- aka the ligamentum venosum - fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation

superior mesenteric a supplies

- all the small intestine - note: the celiac trunk helps supply the duodenum but that is it

location of ovaries in non-pregnant women

- at the bifurcations of the internal and external iliac arteries

what is the blood supply to the viscera of the pelvis

- branches of the internal iliac a

what supplies the supramesocolic space

- branches off of the celiac trunk/artery - the 1st unpaired branch off the descending aorta

lower right quadrant contains (4)

- coils of sm intest - ileocecal junction - vermiform appendix - ascending colon

lower left quadrant (3)

- coils of sm intestines (can distinguish btwn ileum and jejunum) - descending colon - sigmoid colon

isthmus info

- constricted zone of uterus

falciform ligament

- divides the right and left liver lobes - see on ant side

what empties into a dilated part of the urethra in men (2)

- ductus deferens - seminal vessicles - where these 2 meet = the EJACULATORY DUCT

2 organs at the root of the transverse mesocolon

- duodenum - pancreas (deep to stomach)

teniae coli info

- feature of the lg intestine - 3 thickened strips of longitudunal m

ends of uterine tubes are _______

- fimbrated - ie the end have fimbrae

ureters info

- go from kidney to bladder - enter the bladder on its posterior aspect (the base)

stomach 4 main landmarks

- greater curvature - lesser curvature - lesser omentum - greater omentum

spleen job

- highly vascular - stores lymophocytes and RBCs

what are the ovaries

- hormone producing glands - and site of dev of egg cells

organs at the root of the transverse mesocolon are supplied by

- ie duodenum and pancreas - celiac AND the superior mesenteric aa

uterine tubes info

- ie oviducts - they jut upward and posterolaterally to bring the fimbrated ends of the tubes in close to the ovaries

cervix info (2)

- inferior to the isthmus - most of the cervix projects inferiorily into the vagina creating "cul-de-sacs" (?)

uterus location

- interposed btwn the rectum and bladder

ductus deferens info

- it becomes enlarged as it approaches the prostate - the enlargement is called the ampulla of ductus def

major duodenal papilla info

- it connects to the 2nd part of the duodenum - its the swelling in that part of the duodenum from the hepatopancreatic duct and spinchter of m around it

hepatopancreatic duct goes where (and info)

- it connects to the 2nd part of the duodenum - the combined duct and sphincteric m. cause a swelling called the major duodenal papilla in the second part of the duodenum

greater omentum info

- it connects to the greater curvature and stretches inferiorily to overlie much of the small intestine - it attaches to the transverse colon --> which means that it obscures being able to see the transverse mesocolon

urinary bladder info

- it varies greatly in size depending on age, gender and state of filling

define retroperiotoneal

- items that lie behind the peritoneum that covers the back of the abdominal wall

pancreas function info

- its a gland - has both endocrine and exocrine function

location of the pancreas

- its retropreitoneal except for its tail - its head nestles in the curve of the duodenum

prostate info (3)

- its the largest accessory gland in male repro tract - it surrounds the urethra - usually its as small as a chesnut

the jejunum vs ileum arts

- jejunum has few arcades & long vasa recta - ileum has lots of arcades & short vasa recta ----all coming off the superior mesenteric

pancreatic duct info

- joins with the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic duct before entering the 2nd part of the dudodenum

where is the ileocecal junction found (loc and spinal level)

- just anterior to the right sacroiliac joint - spinal level S2 - ileum (sm intest) cecum begin lg int

what is constidered retroperitoneal in the ab cavity (7)

- kidneys - ureters - suprarenal glands - aorta - inferior vena cava - pancrease (except its tail) - sympathetic trunk

retroperitoneal left quadrant contains

- left kidney - left suprarenal gland

epiploic appendages info

- lg int - small pouches if peritoneum that contain fat - look like dangling fat blobs!

3 ways the lg and sm intest are easily distinguished

- lg int has 3 thickened strips of longitudunal m called teniae coli - sacculations (aka haustra) are found btwn the teniae coli - epiploic appendages, small pouches if peritoneum filled with fat are found ***the sm intest is smooth***

how does the ovary attach to the uterus

- ligament of ovary

upper right quadrant contains (3)

- liver - gallbladder - gastrointestinal duct

upper right quadrant contains what retroperitoneally (4)

- most of duodenum - head and neck of pancreas - right kidney - most of the common bile duct

ampulla

- name for the enlarged area of the ductus deferens - ie ampulla of ductus deferens

the abdominal cavity contains (6)

- organs of digestion (stom, sm and lg intest) - spleen - kidneys - ureters - suprarenal glands - peritoneum (serous membrane)

fundus info

- part of the uterus that is superior to the uterine tubes

pathway of ductus deferens

- passes upward, lateral and forward to enter the deep inguinal ring at the anterior abdominal wall

sigmoid colon aka

- pelvic colon

the superior pelvic apeture seperates what

- pelvis major (FALSE PELVIS) above from pelvis minor (TRUE PELVIS) below - ie below the purple lines, and brim = true pelvis

biochem function of the liver

- produce bile which aids in the digestion of fat

in addition to shared items in the pelvic cavity, men also have

- prostate gland - ejaculatory ducts - seminal vescicles - part of ductus deferens

what empties into the prostatic part of the urethra

- prostatic ductles

where does the infolateral surface of the bladder rest in males

- pubic bones and prostate

transpyloric plane is good for finding what (4)

- pyloris - duodenojejunal flaxure - neck of the pancreas - and the hili of the kidneys

pelvic cavity in both genders contains (4)

- rectum - pelvic colon - bladder - termini of ureters

liver lobes

- right - left - quadrate (posterior - btwn gallblader and ligumentum teres) - caudate

what marks the highest excursion of the diaphragm during expiration

- right 4th intercostal space - left 5th intercostal space

what are the 2 main lobes of the liver and what divides them

- right and left - dividing them is the FALCIFORM LIGAMENT and the fissure for the ligamentum venosum

pathway to the common bile duct

- right and left hepatic ducts combine ---> common hepatic duct ---> then the the cyctic duct from the gallbladder joins --> after that it is the common bile duct

landmarking cecum vs ascending colon info

- sma int - ileum joins with the lg intestines via a valve in lower right quad - below the valve = cecum - above the valve = ascending colon

abdominopelvic cavity boundaries (3)

- space defined by inf surface of diaphragm - the abdominopelvic wall - superior surface of the muscular floor of the pelvis

upper left quadrant contains

- spleen - stomach

what is the 2nd unpaired branch off the descending aorta

- superior mesenteric a

rectum pathway

- swings forward along the curve of sacrum and coccyx --> meets anal canal at right angle in the anal triangle

what forms the superior pevlic apeture

- the arcuate line of ilium and - pectineal line of the pubis

what is the broad ligament

- the broad ligament of the uterus - it is peritoneum that is draped over the uterus and oviducts (uterine tubes) ****this is posterior veiw

what is the 1st unpaired branch of the descending aorta

- the celiac a/celiac trunk

what forms the hepatopancreatic duct

- the common bile duct (from R and L hep ducts and cystic duct) and the pancreatic duct form the hepatopancreatic duct

perenium contains

- the external genitals and anal canal

duodenum and pancreas location

- the head of the panc, is nestled into the duodenum

3rd unpaired branch off the descending aorta is called

- the inferior mesenteric

what artery supplies the abdominal portion of the large intestines

- the inferior mesenteric (3rd unpaired branch off des aorta)

what is the largest gland in the body

- the liver

what is located inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

- the perenium which contains the external genitals and anal canal

where does the infolateral surface of the bladder rest in females

- the pubic bones and urogenital diaphragm

deep inguinal ring in men is analogus to what in women

- the round ligament of the uterus

pancreas is located deep to

- the stomach

what does the ileocolic a branch from

- the superior mesenteric

what is used to landmark to create the abdom quadrants?

- the umbilicus

what happens to the surface features the lg int becomes rectum

- there are no longer tenae coli, haustra or epiploic appendages on the surface

hepatic ducts info

- there is a right and left hepatic duct (just inf to the lobes)

fornices in the vagina info

- there is an anterior and posterior fornix - these are created by the cervix jutting inferiorily into the vagina

haustra info

- these are sacculations btwn the teniae coli - lg int

gallbladder job

- to store and concentrate bile that is produced by the liver

the greeater omentum goes from stomach to ______

- transverse colon (which obscures the transverse mesocolon)

greater omentum overlies what

- transverse colon and sm intest (ileum and jejunum)

what is the transverse mesocolon used to landmark

- used to differentiate the supramesocolic and inframesocolic spaces

oviducts =

- uterine tubes

in addition to shared items in the pelvic cavity, women also have

- uterus - ovaries - oviducts - part of the vagina