Guidance - Final Exam

The Five Finger Conflict Resolution Strategy

1. Thumb = Cool Down (everyone) 2. Pointer = Discuss & agree what the problem is 3. Tall Guy = Brainstorm solutions (with the teachers help if needed) 4. Ringer = Agree on solution and how it will work 5. Pinkie = Try it out, with the adult's monitoring. Follow up guidance if needed.

Encouragement

Acknowledges the child's effort Support during the process, more important than at the end Accomplishment becomes it's own reward All children deserve full support & acceptance

Practices that raise self-esteem include:

Acknowledging children's mistakes

I-Messages

Adult own their feelings of the situation, express to child in non-accusing & respectful way. - Give data about the child's behavior, but avoid accusing - Tell the child how their behavior affects the person or situation - Tell how you feel Example: "When I find new books with torn pages, I can't read them to the children. It upsets me to have our books damaged."

Class Meetings

Alternative to tradition, ask open ended questions and relate topics to child's experiences.

Child-Report

Another word for tattling. Children use this when something has been taken away from them or is a conflict.

Strong Needs Mistaken behaviors are:

Are acted out through anxiety, irritability and withdrawal

Environmental needs are the same for all ages of infants.

False

The minimum square foot requirement of indoor space per child for both Rule 2 and Rule 3 is:

35 square feet

Rule 2

50 square feet

Rule 3

75 square feet

Active Listening

A listening skill that supports the children and encourages them to solve their problems. Using skills that the children understand and can use in their day to day life.

Problem Solving

A method of resolving conflicts by reaching a solution that is mutual agreeable to both the child and the adult. Solving conflicts that work with the child and the adult.

An encouraging classroom is:

A place children can feel empowered A community of learners who support each other An environment with a capacity for everyone to learn * All of the above

Redirection

A technique of encouraging a child to engage in a positive activity and thereby stop the inappropriate activity. Also known as substitution. Encourage the child to engage in positive behavior.

Distraction

A technique where the adult draws the child's attention away from one task and onto another. The adult is moving the child to another task to eliminate the behavior.

ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Level 1

Basic / Physical

Behavior Management

Behavior management is similar to behavior modification. It is a less intensive version of behavior therapy. Behavior modification is focused on maintaining order. It's focused on positive behavior.

Level 3

Child has extreme anxiety Inability to cope Seek outside help Strong needs Acting out against the world

Model Appropriate Behavior

Children watch and learn from the adult. Act how you would want the child to act along with demonstrating good behavior.

Autonomy

Do it on your own (Independent)

Limit Setting

Establishing and enforcing rules and expectations regarding the behavior. Reinforcing the rules and the exceptions to the children.

A child using private speech is telling a secret to an adult or another playmate.

False

An environment set up for infants &/or toddlers should be set up like a preschool environment, just with smaller furnishings.

False

Child care environments usually design their playgrounds by combining Traditional Playgrounds and Adventure Playgrounds.

False

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory means that a small percentage of children are very smart in many areas.

False

Guidance practices do not promote autonomy.

False

Infants who use a walker or swing walk sooner than those who do not use these pieces of equipment

False

Parents understand that you are busy, so it is not necessary to stop and greet them when they come to visit or volunteer.

False

The three primary colors are blue, yellow, and green.

False

Warm hues such as reds and yellows affect behavior in a calming and relaxing way.

False

We can assume that for a child, time goes very quickly.

False

When arranging the room, shelves should be placed against the wall.

False

The teacher's role when dealing with mistaken behavior is to:

Figure out the reason for the behavior

Prevent Behavior Problems

Get to know the child, so you know what will trigger their behavior and try to avoid that.

Offer Choices

Give the child a choice between two things and then let them choose.

Explain the difference between Guidance & Punishment

Guidance is the ongoing strategy to help children learn to manage their angry, express their feelings, solve problems, and learn the difference between appropriate behavior and inappropriate behavior. Punishment is the the consequence for inappropriate behavior. These two are different because punishment is talking about the consequence of inappropriate behavior as guidance is talking about the strategy to help children learn.

Level 2

Guidance strategies, I-messages, etc.. Wants to be like others Wants to see the teachers reaction Desire to please others Modeling other children Socially influenced

Level 1

Hasn't learned to use words Does not understand rules Redirect or remind about rules Wants to explore Experimentation

Environment Elements include:

How time is structured How roles are assigned Expectations of our behavior Physical and psychological atmosphere * All of the above

Level 1 - Experimentation

I just want to know what it feels like You, your staff, family members, and the children

Level 2 - Socially Influences

I see someone else do it and I want to do it too You, your staff, family members, and the children

Choose one level of Maslow's Hierarchy and explain how meeting that level of need applies to guidance & environments in an early childhood setting.

I want to write about the safety need of Marlow's Hierarchy of Needs. This applies to early childhood setting because if you are employed somewhere you need to look out for the safety of the kids you are watching. You need to make sure your room or house is safety proof for the younger children in your setting. Also, you need to care for the health of the children. If you notice one child isn't feeling then you need to take that into consideration and see what may be going on with that child and if it's contagions or not.

Infants should have a separate kitchen area, located in their room because:

It will cut down on unwanted traffic Infants have very individualized schedules * A and C are correct

Characteristics of quality child care include:

Large group sizes

Level 3

Love

Traditional Playgrounds:

Mostly encourage large motor play

Code of Ethical Conduct

National Association for the Education of Young Children which helps to have better behavior and helps to resolve dilemmas in the Early Childhood field.

Compliment Sandwich

Negative surrounded by 2 positives

If a room is crowded with too many people a child will:

Physically or mentally, withdraw Act out aggressively * A and B are correct

Peace Props

Props used to solve conflicts - Talk & listen chairs - Peace table - Talking stick - Problem / Peace puppets

Natural Consequences

Response that will happen without any adult intervention in the behavior. What a child experiences when having bad behavior Examples: If you don't eat, you will get hungry If you hit your friend, they may not want to play with you anymore.

Logical Consequences

Responses by adults that "fit" a child's mistaken activity. - Logical extension of mistaken behavior - Logical to child but not adult - Consequence is not set beforehand

Level 2

Security Needs

Level 5

Self-Actualization

Level 4

Self-Esteem

I-messages

Simple, specific statements made by the adult expressing annoyance with the child's behavior. Simple statements made by the adult that children can understand.

A learned situational personality is:

Something children experience but adults never do

A Practice that lowers self-esteem includes:

Talking negatively about children in front of them

Contact Talks

Talking one on one with each child for a minute or two each day Teachers or child initiated Teacher is a good listener Benefits: - Child feels valued - Teacher gets to know the child - Trusting relationships are built - Decreases mistaken behavior

Private speech:

Talking that children do with themselves as they engage in learning activities

Commanding Choices

Teacher gives a child a choice between two appropriate behaviors.

Inviting Choices

Techniques used through communication by a teacher that is different degrees of intensity.

Ignore Behavior

The adult will avoid paying attention to mildy inappropriate behavior whereby the child stops the behavior because he was not rewarded.

Explain the term self-fulfilling prophecy.

The phenomenon through which persons who become labeled by others for particular behaviors come to see themselves as they are labeled and show an increase in the behaviors that others have come to expect.

Nonverbal Intervention

The teacher uses techniques including body language, facial expressions, gestures, or physical proximity to keep the children on task.

Children show mistaken behavior because:

They don't know how else to act Others have influenced them There are unmet needs * all of the above

Adults respond to the environment in a utilitarian way meaning:

They notice the order, function, cleanliness, and safety of the environment

Some of the benefits of encouraging parents to be involved in your program are:

They understand your program Children feel special Teachers gain resources to extend learning opportunities * All of the above

Level 3 - Strong Needs

Things physically, emotional needs that cause stress Most often needs a 3rd party to come in and help

Reinforce Acceptable Behavior

This means to increase the behavior. A desirable stimulus is added to increase the behavior.

Classroom attitude is relayed to a parent and child:

Through what is included and what is left out of the environment

In order for children to learn how to deal with strong emotions appropriately, they need:

Time Words to label feelings To develop cognitive and emotional skills * all of the above

As a teacher you need to consider the reasons for the behavior, as a basic guidance technique.

True

Autonomy is the power to govern oneself, to be independent and have self-control.

True

Because learning experiences build neural connections, it is imperative that these experiences be positive and DAP both within and outside of the house.

True

Children learn best when they participate in mostly individual activities, small groups and an occasional large group.

True

Children under 3 years of age are oblivious to their own and others safety, and are the major source of harm to themselves and others.

True

Developmental barriers are needed for young infants to help keep them safe in an environment where there are children who are both mobile and older.

True

Developmentally appropriate guidance involves having different expectations for each age group of children.

True

Environment is often an overlooked factor in discipline problems.

True

Falls and collisions cause most accidents on the playground.

True

In an infant or toddler environment is is best practice to leave the center area open and place activity areas around the periphery of the room.

True

Long corridors and large open spaces encourage children to run.

True

Many factors influence our attitudes toward the behavior of children.

True

Misbehavior is a conventional term applied to conflicts that the child is involved in, resulting consequence often includes punishment.

True

Physical intervention and brief periods of supervised removal should be used only as a last resort.

True

Piaget discovered that in the process of growing and learning each person passes through "a biologically determined sequence of stages".

True

Rule 3 ratios for infants are 1:4, toddlers 1:7, preschoolers 1:10, and school-age 1:15.

True

Security is the most fundamental element of a program, and is included in all dimensions of an environment.

True

Self-actualization is the stage Maslow says we are always working towards.

True

Unconditional Positive Regard is the full acceptance of a child no matter what.

True

Water is a very appealing and valuable sensory material; it soothes and calms a child as they play with it.

True

When setting up an environment, it is easier to change things than it is to change people.

True

Reconciliation

Using positive resolution for an incident that could involve an apology or forgiving each other.

Brevity as quick intervention

Using specific words while talking to another person. (straight to the parent)

To begin a partnership with parents you should focus on:

What the teachers and parents have in common

Punishing a child:

Will temporarily eliminate unwanted behavior

Explain in your own words the terms Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) & Scaffolding.

ZPD - When you give a child a task to do, you see how much they can do on their own rather than with help. Scaffolding - You give hints, range of answers, and additional resources to move them closer to the zone of proximal development.