Guidance - Final Exam
The Five Finger Conflict Resolution Strategy
1. Thumb = Cool Down (everyone) 2. Pointer = Discuss & agree what the problem is 3. Tall Guy = Brainstorm solutions (with the teachers help if needed) 4. Ringer = Agree on solution and how it will work 5. Pinkie = Try it out, with the adult's monitoring. Follow up guidance if needed.
Encouragement
Acknowledges the child's effort Support during the process, more important than at the end Accomplishment becomes it's own reward All children deserve full support & acceptance
Practices that raise self-esteem include:
Acknowledging children's mistakes
I-Messages
Adult own their feelings of the situation, express to child in non-accusing & respectful way. - Give data about the child's behavior, but avoid accusing - Tell the child how their behavior affects the person or situation - Tell how you feel Example: "When I find new books with torn pages, I can't read them to the children. It upsets me to have our books damaged."
Class Meetings
Alternative to tradition, ask open ended questions and relate topics to child's experiences.
Child-Report
Another word for tattling. Children use this when something has been taken away from them or is a conflict.
Strong Needs Mistaken behaviors are:
Are acted out through anxiety, irritability and withdrawal
Environmental needs are the same for all ages of infants.
False
The minimum square foot requirement of indoor space per child for both Rule 2 and Rule 3 is:
35 square feet
Rule 2
50 square feet
Rule 3
75 square feet
Active Listening
A listening skill that supports the children and encourages them to solve their problems. Using skills that the children understand and can use in their day to day life.
Problem Solving
A method of resolving conflicts by reaching a solution that is mutual agreeable to both the child and the adult. Solving conflicts that work with the child and the adult.
An encouraging classroom is:
A place children can feel empowered A community of learners who support each other An environment with a capacity for everyone to learn * All of the above
Redirection
A technique of encouraging a child to engage in a positive activity and thereby stop the inappropriate activity. Also known as substitution. Encourage the child to engage in positive behavior.
Distraction
A technique where the adult draws the child's attention away from one task and onto another. The adult is moving the child to another task to eliminate the behavior.
ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Level 1
Basic / Physical
Behavior Management
Behavior management is similar to behavior modification. It is a less intensive version of behavior therapy. Behavior modification is focused on maintaining order. It's focused on positive behavior.
Level 3
Child has extreme anxiety Inability to cope Seek outside help Strong needs Acting out against the world
Model Appropriate Behavior
Children watch and learn from the adult. Act how you would want the child to act along with demonstrating good behavior.
Autonomy
Do it on your own (Independent)
Limit Setting
Establishing and enforcing rules and expectations regarding the behavior. Reinforcing the rules and the exceptions to the children.
A child using private speech is telling a secret to an adult or another playmate.
False
An environment set up for infants &/or toddlers should be set up like a preschool environment, just with smaller furnishings.
False
Child care environments usually design their playgrounds by combining Traditional Playgrounds and Adventure Playgrounds.
False
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory means that a small percentage of children are very smart in many areas.
False
Guidance practices do not promote autonomy.
False
Infants who use a walker or swing walk sooner than those who do not use these pieces of equipment
False
Parents understand that you are busy, so it is not necessary to stop and greet them when they come to visit or volunteer.
False
The three primary colors are blue, yellow, and green.
False
Warm hues such as reds and yellows affect behavior in a calming and relaxing way.
False
We can assume that for a child, time goes very quickly.
False
When arranging the room, shelves should be placed against the wall.
False
The teacher's role when dealing with mistaken behavior is to:
Figure out the reason for the behavior
Prevent Behavior Problems
Get to know the child, so you know what will trigger their behavior and try to avoid that.
Offer Choices
Give the child a choice between two things and then let them choose.
Explain the difference between Guidance & Punishment
Guidance is the ongoing strategy to help children learn to manage their angry, express their feelings, solve problems, and learn the difference between appropriate behavior and inappropriate behavior. Punishment is the the consequence for inappropriate behavior. These two are different because punishment is talking about the consequence of inappropriate behavior as guidance is talking about the strategy to help children learn.
Level 2
Guidance strategies, I-messages, etc.. Wants to be like others Wants to see the teachers reaction Desire to please others Modeling other children Socially influenced
Level 1
Hasn't learned to use words Does not understand rules Redirect or remind about rules Wants to explore Experimentation
Environment Elements include:
How time is structured How roles are assigned Expectations of our behavior Physical and psychological atmosphere * All of the above
Level 1 - Experimentation
I just want to know what it feels like You, your staff, family members, and the children
Level 2 - Socially Influences
I see someone else do it and I want to do it too You, your staff, family members, and the children
Choose one level of Maslow's Hierarchy and explain how meeting that level of need applies to guidance & environments in an early childhood setting.
I want to write about the safety need of Marlow's Hierarchy of Needs. This applies to early childhood setting because if you are employed somewhere you need to look out for the safety of the kids you are watching. You need to make sure your room or house is safety proof for the younger children in your setting. Also, you need to care for the health of the children. If you notice one child isn't feeling then you need to take that into consideration and see what may be going on with that child and if it's contagions or not.
Infants should have a separate kitchen area, located in their room because:
It will cut down on unwanted traffic Infants have very individualized schedules * A and C are correct
Characteristics of quality child care include:
Large group sizes
Level 3
Love
Traditional Playgrounds:
Mostly encourage large motor play
Code of Ethical Conduct
National Association for the Education of Young Children which helps to have better behavior and helps to resolve dilemmas in the Early Childhood field.
Compliment Sandwich
Negative surrounded by 2 positives
If a room is crowded with too many people a child will:
Physically or mentally, withdraw Act out aggressively * A and B are correct
Peace Props
Props used to solve conflicts - Talk & listen chairs - Peace table - Talking stick - Problem / Peace puppets
Natural Consequences
Response that will happen without any adult intervention in the behavior. What a child experiences when having bad behavior Examples: If you don't eat, you will get hungry If you hit your friend, they may not want to play with you anymore.
Logical Consequences
Responses by adults that "fit" a child's mistaken activity. - Logical extension of mistaken behavior - Logical to child but not adult - Consequence is not set beforehand
Level 2
Security Needs
Level 5
Self-Actualization
Level 4
Self-Esteem
I-messages
Simple, specific statements made by the adult expressing annoyance with the child's behavior. Simple statements made by the adult that children can understand.
A learned situational personality is:
Something children experience but adults never do
A Practice that lowers self-esteem includes:
Talking negatively about children in front of them
Contact Talks
Talking one on one with each child for a minute or two each day Teachers or child initiated Teacher is a good listener Benefits: - Child feels valued - Teacher gets to know the child - Trusting relationships are built - Decreases mistaken behavior
Private speech:
Talking that children do with themselves as they engage in learning activities
Commanding Choices
Teacher gives a child a choice between two appropriate behaviors.
Inviting Choices
Techniques used through communication by a teacher that is different degrees of intensity.
Ignore Behavior
The adult will avoid paying attention to mildy inappropriate behavior whereby the child stops the behavior because he was not rewarded.
Explain the term self-fulfilling prophecy.
The phenomenon through which persons who become labeled by others for particular behaviors come to see themselves as they are labeled and show an increase in the behaviors that others have come to expect.
Nonverbal Intervention
The teacher uses techniques including body language, facial expressions, gestures, or physical proximity to keep the children on task.
Children show mistaken behavior because:
They don't know how else to act Others have influenced them There are unmet needs * all of the above
Adults respond to the environment in a utilitarian way meaning:
They notice the order, function, cleanliness, and safety of the environment
Some of the benefits of encouraging parents to be involved in your program are:
They understand your program Children feel special Teachers gain resources to extend learning opportunities * All of the above
Level 3 - Strong Needs
Things physically, emotional needs that cause stress Most often needs a 3rd party to come in and help
Reinforce Acceptable Behavior
This means to increase the behavior. A desirable stimulus is added to increase the behavior.
Classroom attitude is relayed to a parent and child:
Through what is included and what is left out of the environment
In order for children to learn how to deal with strong emotions appropriately, they need:
Time Words to label feelings To develop cognitive and emotional skills * all of the above
As a teacher you need to consider the reasons for the behavior, as a basic guidance technique.
True
Autonomy is the power to govern oneself, to be independent and have self-control.
True
Because learning experiences build neural connections, it is imperative that these experiences be positive and DAP both within and outside of the house.
True
Children learn best when they participate in mostly individual activities, small groups and an occasional large group.
True
Children under 3 years of age are oblivious to their own and others safety, and are the major source of harm to themselves and others.
True
Developmental barriers are needed for young infants to help keep them safe in an environment where there are children who are both mobile and older.
True
Developmentally appropriate guidance involves having different expectations for each age group of children.
True
Environment is often an overlooked factor in discipline problems.
True
Falls and collisions cause most accidents on the playground.
True
In an infant or toddler environment is is best practice to leave the center area open and place activity areas around the periphery of the room.
True
Long corridors and large open spaces encourage children to run.
True
Many factors influence our attitudes toward the behavior of children.
True
Misbehavior is a conventional term applied to conflicts that the child is involved in, resulting consequence often includes punishment.
True
Physical intervention and brief periods of supervised removal should be used only as a last resort.
True
Piaget discovered that in the process of growing and learning each person passes through "a biologically determined sequence of stages".
True
Rule 3 ratios for infants are 1:4, toddlers 1:7, preschoolers 1:10, and school-age 1:15.
True
Security is the most fundamental element of a program, and is included in all dimensions of an environment.
True
Self-actualization is the stage Maslow says we are always working towards.
True
Unconditional Positive Regard is the full acceptance of a child no matter what.
True
Water is a very appealing and valuable sensory material; it soothes and calms a child as they play with it.
True
When setting up an environment, it is easier to change things than it is to change people.
True
Reconciliation
Using positive resolution for an incident that could involve an apology or forgiving each other.
Brevity as quick intervention
Using specific words while talking to another person. (straight to the parent)
To begin a partnership with parents you should focus on:
What the teachers and parents have in common
Punishing a child:
Will temporarily eliminate unwanted behavior
Explain in your own words the terms Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) & Scaffolding.
ZPD - When you give a child a task to do, you see how much they can do on their own rather than with help. Scaffolding - You give hints, range of answers, and additional resources to move them closer to the zone of proximal development.