GY 101 test 1
The process where water vapor changes phase from a gas to a liquid is called: A) evaporation B) condensation C) saturation D) residence time
evaporation
The process where water vapor changes phase from a gas to a liquid is called? condensation evaporation escape velocity saturation
evaporation
when you heat air or fluid it will _______
expand
Choose the correct listing of radiation from the shortest wavelengths to the longest wavelengths: A) Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio B) Radio, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, x-rays C) Visible, infrared, radio, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays D) X-rays, radio, ultraviolet, infrared, visible, gamma rays E) None of the above
gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio
Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of _______ with small quantities of _______ and ______ particles
gases liquid solid
At was degree is the axil tilt?
23.5
if you add 100 calories of heat to 1 gram of water whose temperature is 100 degrees celsius, the result temp of the water would be around: 0 20 80 100 200
100
About what percentage of incoming shortwave energy (sunlight) is absorbed by Earth's surface A) 10% B) 30% C) 50% D) 70% E) None of the above
70%
What important variables could be changed to alter Earth's Energy Budget? A) albedo B) atmospheric composition C) oxygen levels D) A and B E) A and C
A and B
Which of the following gives off radiation A) Cell phones B) Ice cubes C) Nuclear waste D) Stars E) All of the above
All of the above
Temperature is linked to pressure and density through the _______ _______ _______
Ideal Gas Law
In what month is the Earth as a whole, farthest from the Sun? A) January B) March C) July D) September E) December
July
Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2): A) Are good absorbers of shortwave radiation B) Cause greater temperature variation than if the gases were not present C) Did not exist in until the coming of the Industrial Age D) Keep the Earth at a comfortable temperature E) None of the above
Keep the Earth at a comfortable temperature
The law that essentially states that "Hotter objects emit more energy than cooler ones" is- A) Ideal Gas Law B) The Second Law of Thermodynamics C) Stefan-Boltzmann Law D) Wein's Law E) None of the above
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
The international agreement to reduce the amount of CFCs entering the atmosphere is: A) The Bourne Ultimatum B) The Montreal Protocol C) The Kyoto Protocol D) The G8 Summit E) None of the above
The Montreal Protocol
What is the name of the latitude at which you may find the sub solar point on December 21st? Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Capricorn
Which of the following are examples of kinetic energy? A) food B) gasoline C) heat D) A and B E) none of the above
a and b
Airborne particulates, called _______have a complex effect on Earth's energy balance: they can cause both cooling, by reflecting incoming sunlight back out to space, and warming, by absorbing and releasing heat energy in the atmosphere. A) aerosols B) carbon dioxide C) ozone D) water vapor E) none of the above
aerosols
In which direction(s) if any does the atmosphere exert pressure? A) None (it doesn't exert pressure) B) All directions C) Only downward D) Only upward
all directions
Which doesn't give off radiation? cell phone ice cubes nuclear waste all give off radiation
all give off radiation
the ozone layer is a ______ layer in the atmosphere
altitude
density decreases with _________ and _________
altitude temperature
the temperature decreases with _______ and ________
altitude density
why does the greenhouse effect have a bad name?
because it doesn't work like an actual greenhouse
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon whereby heat-trapping gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere, keep the Earth's surface warm. What sort of human activities, are increasing the concentrations of some of these gases, and amplifying the natural greenhouse effect. A) burning fossil fuels B) changing land cover patterns (e.g., planting trees) C) decreasing albedo levels (e.g., melting polar ice) D) increased solar output E) none of the above
burning fossil fuels
Which of the following is NOT an example of energy being absorbed? melting ice evaporation microwaving coffee condensation all of these
condensation
Getting the bottom of your feet burned when walking on a hot beach is due to conduction convection radiation advection none of these
conduction
Which of the following terms best represent the idea behind the image to the left A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) latent heat E) none of the above
conduction
The exacerbation of seasonal temperature extremes experienced by continental interiors is best described by the term A) condensation B) continentality C) dewpoint D) Hydrologic cycle E) none of the above
continentality
Noodles rising and falling in boiling water: conduction convection radiation advection
convection
when gas is heated, the density _______
decreases
when temperature increases, density _______
decreases
when volume increases, pressure ______
decreases
Ozone: -formed mainly in the troposphere where it diffuses to the stratosphere -only formed through natural processes -destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons -only destroyed through natural processes
destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons
electromagnetic radiation definition
earth receives energy from the sun
Why does the sun move across the sky everyday? the sun rotates on it's axis the earth rotates on it's axis the sun orbits around the earth the earth orbits around the sun
earth rotates on its axis
The most important factor responsible for seasonality on earth is earth's axial tilt earth's distance from the sun the greenhouse effect earth's rotation
earth's axial tilt
the balance between incoming radiation and outgoing thermal is also known as _________ __________
energy budget
what is true about the transfer of energy, matter and momentum? - momentum is usually transferred from the surface upward - energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid or gas - matter is transferred so effectively that its spatial distribution in the atmosphere is uniform - no transfer of energy, matter or momentum can occur in the polar part of the atmosphere
energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid, or gas
Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of ______ with small, but important, quantities of _______. A) Gases, liquid and solid particles B) Liquid and solid particles, gases C) Nitrogen, oxygen D) Oxygen, ozone E) Water vapor, carbon dioxide
gases, liquid and solid particles
stratospheric ozone= good/bad? low level ozone= good/bad?
good bad
Overall the greenhouse effect is a good thing or bad thing?
good thing
Gases such as co2 that are good at absorbing long wave radiation are referred to as: absorbers emitters greenhouse gases radiation gas
greenhouse gases
pressure being exerted in the atmosphere changes as it's ______ or _______
heated cooled
Which of the following is true? A) Air pressure decreases as air cools B) Cooling causes a density decrease in a column of air C) Heating causes a density decrease in a column of air D) Heating causes a mass decrease in a column of air E) Surface pressure rises with air temperature
heating causes a density decrease in a column of air
air moves from a ______ air pressure to a _____ air pressure
high low
As the temperature of a object increases, total energy emitted will: A) Decrease B) Increase C) Stay the sam D) Depends on wavelength E) None of the above
increase
Why is ozone vital to life on earth?
it absorbs lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun
Why is the ozone vital to life on earth? it absorbs lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun it reflects lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun it absorbs long wave radiation from the sun it reflects long wave radiation from the sun
it absorbs lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun
In what month is the earth as a whole closest to the sun? january march june september december
january
The standard unit of energy in the International System (SI or "metric") is the: A) calorie B) joule C) meter D) watt
joule
Nothing in the universe with 0 degrees _________
kelvin
The energy required to cause a phase change of a substance (e.g., ice to liquid water) is called? A) Albedo B) Latent heat C) Photosynthesis D) Radiation E) None of the above
latent
what is the most important form of moving heat from surface to the atmosphere?
latent heat transfer
the atmosphere protects ________ things through ____________
living photosynthesis
greenhouse gases absorb _________ __________
longwave radiation
When we say "heat rises," it is because heat causes fluids (air, water) to expand. This expansion means the same number of molecules occupy a greater space, resulting in A) greater density B) greater mass C) lower density D) lower mass E) none of the above
lower density
the atmosphere has ________ and exerts _______ that is greater near earth's surface with the decrease in ________
mass pressure altitude
Density is a measure of A) Air pressure per unit of temperature C) Mass per unit of volume E) None of the above
mass per unit of volume
Radiation doesn't require a physical _______
medium
colder air = _____ pressure exerted at the surface warmer air = _______ pressure exerted at the surface
more less
what are the 2 categories of gases?
nitrogen and oxygen
Which of the following statements about Earth is not true? A) Its rotational axis is pointed toward Polaris B) It is closest to the Sun at perihelion. C) It has an elliptical orbit. D) It is closest to the Sun in January E) None of the above
none of the above
What atmospheric gas is made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms bonded together? A) argon B) carbon dioxide C) methane D) ozone E) none of the above
none of the above nitrous oxide
Which of the following earth systems represent the largest carbon receiver? atmosphere biosphere soils ocean
ocean
Ozone is a form of _____
oxygen
What atmospheric gas is made up of three oxygen molecules bonded together? A) argon B) carbon dioxide C) methane D) ozone E) none of the above
ozone
Which of the variable gases is mainly found in the stratosphere? argon co2 ozone water vapor
ozone
Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by: A) Absorption B) Photosynthesis C) Rainfall D) Transmission E) None of the above
photosynthesis
a barometer is used to measure what?
pressure
force exerted per unit area is? coriolis effect latent heat dewpoint pressure
pressure
The ideal gas law explains the relationship between which variables? A) temperature, moisture and pressure B) temperature, radiation and density C) pressure, albedo and density D) pressure, temperature and density
pressure temperature and density
Everything in the universe gives off ________
radiation
Albedo definition
reflection of earth
Clouds are highly ___________
reflective
____________ refers to the Earth spinning on its axis: A) circulation B) circumnavigation C) rotation D) revolution E) none of the above
rotation
Patterns of circulation in Earth's atmosphere can be observed at many different spatial scales from global to local. Temperature differences, ________, and the configuration of the continents and oceans establish the large-scale atmospheric circulation A) atmospheric beam depletion B) the rotation of Earth on its axis C) tilt of earths axis D) Weinz Law E) none of the above
rotation of earth on its axis
We can see even in shadows because atmospheric gasses do this to light A) Absorb it B) Radiate it C) Scatter it D) Transmit it E) None of the above
scatter it
the increase or decrease in sun's energy output is also known as
solar output
What variables could be changed to alter earth's energy budget?
solar variability albedo greenhouse effect
tropics vs. higher altitudes summer vs. winter hemisphere Both examples of _______ ___________
spatial differences
The amount of solar energy received at any point on Earth's surface varies due to among other things, Earth's________, its daily rotation, and its _______. A) daily rotation, Coriolis effect B) distance from the Sun, Coriolis effect C) spherical shape, Coriolis effect D) spherical shape, tilted axis E) none of the above
spherical shape, tilted axis
sea level is the _________
standard
2 different pressures at 2 different locations is also known as a _____ _______
strong gradient
On a surface pressure map, more closely spaced isobars will indicate: A) clear weather B) higher temperatures C) more rain D) stronger winds
stronger winds
On the June solstice: A) the South Pole experiences 24 hours of daylight. B) the Southern Hemisphere receives more energy than the Northern Hemisphere C) the subsolar point is on the Tropic of Capricorn D) the subsolar point is 23.5 degrees North
subsolar point is 23.5 degrees north
Beans and coal both have stored energy, where did it come from? Earths gravity suns light heat in earth's core air's carbon dioxide
sun's light
the measure of kinetic energy is also known as?
temperature
Day vs. Night Seasons climate change examples of __________ _____________
temporal differences
we have seasons (for example winter) because: -the earth is farther from the sun at certain times of the year -one side of the earth is not facing the sun in the winter -the earth rotates underneath areas of winter weather at certain times -the earth's angle of inclination relative to the sun is different in the winer
the earth's angle of inclination relative to the sun is different in the winter
What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed? A) The temperature increases B) There is no correlation between temperature and pressure C) The temperature decreases D) The temperature will first decrease, then increase E) None of the above
the temperature increases
the cycling of chemical substances throughout the biosphere is accomplished through: - the vertical transfer of momentum - the first law of thermodynamics - the rock cycle - the work of living things and physical and chemical process
the work of living things and physical and chemical process
The Earth's energy budget is the balance between incoming radiation from the sun (mostly visible light) and outgoing __________ energy from Earth. A) conduction B) latent heat C) microwave radiation D) thermal (infrared) E) None of the above
thermal (infrared)
The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures scales have a significant shortcoming not shared by the Kelvin scale, which is that: A) They allow for positive values B) They allow for negative values C) They don't go to "absolute zero" D) They don't go high enough
they allow for negative values
the atmosphere is very ______ with multiple layers that differ in _______, ________, and __________.
thin temperature density composition
The thermal layer of the atmosphere with the greatest density is: A) The mesosphere B) The ionosphere C) The homosphere D) The troposphere E) The heterosphere
troposphere
_________ contains most of earth's weather systems
troposphere
ozone layer absorbs __________ ___________
ultraviolet light
Horizontal and vertical energy imbalances in the Earth System produced by _____________create movement in the atmosphere and the ocean. A) Gravity B) The Greenhouse effect C) Holes in the ozone layer D) Unequal heating of Earth's surface E) None of the above
unequal heating of earth's surface
Gases whose distribution in the atmosphere is uneven in both time and space are categorized as: greenhouse gases heterospheric gases variable gases permanent gases none of these
variable gases
If you breathe on a mirror, part of the mirror clouds up. What are you actually seeing when you see the mirror clouds up? A) Carbon dioxide that you are breathing out from your lungs B) Cooled nitrogen in the air around you C) Oxygen that you are breathing out from your lungs D) Water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath E) None of the above
water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath
The bubbles that form in a pot of boiling water are composed of air carbon dioxide oxygen ozone water vapor none of these
water vapor
The most abundant of the variable gases is: A) argon B) CO2 C) oxygen D) ozone E) water vapor
water vapor
2 places that are close to the same pressure is known as a _____ ________
weak gradient
_____________is the short term phenomena that occur in the atmosphere, such as temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation. A) Climate B) Climatology C) Meteorology D) Weather E) None of the above
weather
