GY 101 test 1

The process where water vapor changes phase from a gas to a liquid is called: A) evaporation B) condensation C) saturation D) residence time

evaporation

The process where water vapor changes phase from a gas to a liquid is called? condensation evaporation escape velocity saturation

evaporation

when you heat air or fluid it will _______

expand

Choose the correct listing of radiation from the shortest wavelengths to the longest wavelengths: A) Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio B) Radio, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, x-rays C) Visible, infrared, radio, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays D) X-rays, radio, ultraviolet, infrared, visible, gamma rays E) None of the above

gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio

Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of _______ with small quantities of _______ and ______ particles

gases liquid solid

At was degree is the axil tilt?

23.5

if you add 100 calories of heat to 1 gram of water whose temperature is 100 degrees celsius, the result temp of the water would be around: 0 20 80 100 200

100

About what percentage of incoming shortwave energy (sunlight) is absorbed by Earth's surface A) 10% B) 30% C) 50% D) 70% E) None of the above

70%

What important variables could be changed to alter Earth's Energy Budget? A) albedo B) atmospheric composition C) oxygen levels D) A and B E) A and C

A and B

Which of the following gives off radiation A) Cell phones B) Ice cubes C) Nuclear waste D) Stars E) All of the above

All of the above

Temperature is linked to pressure and density through the _______ _______ _______

Ideal Gas Law

In what month is the Earth as a whole, farthest from the Sun? A) January B) March C) July D) September E) December

July

Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2): A) Are good absorbers of shortwave radiation B) Cause greater temperature variation than if the gases were not present C) Did not exist in until the coming of the Industrial Age D) Keep the Earth at a comfortable temperature E) None of the above

Keep the Earth at a comfortable temperature

The law that essentially states that "Hotter objects emit more energy than cooler ones" is- A) Ideal Gas Law B) The Second Law of Thermodynamics C) Stefan-Boltzmann Law D) Wein's Law E) None of the above

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

The international agreement to reduce the amount of CFCs entering the atmosphere is: A) The Bourne Ultimatum B) The Montreal Protocol C) The Kyoto Protocol D) The G8 Summit E) None of the above

The Montreal Protocol

What is the name of the latitude at which you may find the sub solar point on December 21st? Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn

Tropic of Capricorn

Which of the following are examples of kinetic energy? A) food B) gasoline C) heat D) A and B E) none of the above

a and b

Airborne particulates, called _______have a complex effect on Earth's energy balance: they can cause both cooling, by reflecting incoming sunlight back out to space, and warming, by absorbing and releasing heat energy in the atmosphere. A) aerosols B) carbon dioxide C) ozone D) water vapor E) none of the above

aerosols

In which direction(s) if any does the atmosphere exert pressure? A) None (it doesn't exert pressure) B) All directions C) Only downward D) Only upward

all directions

Which doesn't give off radiation? cell phone ice cubes nuclear waste all give off radiation

all give off radiation

the ozone layer is a ______ layer in the atmosphere

altitude

density decreases with _________ and _________

altitude temperature

the temperature decreases with _______ and ________

altitude density

why does the greenhouse effect have a bad name?

because it doesn't work like an actual greenhouse

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon whereby heat-trapping gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere, keep the Earth's surface warm. What sort of human activities, are increasing the concentrations of some of these gases, and amplifying the natural greenhouse effect. A) burning fossil fuels B) changing land cover patterns (e.g., planting trees) C) decreasing albedo levels (e.g., melting polar ice) D) increased solar output E) none of the above

burning fossil fuels

Which of the following is NOT an example of energy being absorbed? melting ice evaporation microwaving coffee condensation all of these

condensation

Getting the bottom of your feet burned when walking on a hot beach is due to conduction convection radiation advection none of these

conduction

Which of the following terms best represent the idea behind the image to the left A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) latent heat E) none of the above

conduction

The exacerbation of seasonal temperature extremes experienced by continental interiors is best described by the term A) condensation B) continentality C) dewpoint D) Hydrologic cycle E) none of the above

continentality

Noodles rising and falling in boiling water: conduction convection radiation advection

convection

when gas is heated, the density _______

decreases

when temperature increases, density _______

decreases

when volume increases, pressure ______

decreases

Ozone: -formed mainly in the troposphere where it diffuses to the stratosphere -only formed through natural processes -destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons -only destroyed through natural processes

destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons

electromagnetic radiation definition

earth receives energy from the sun

Why does the sun move across the sky everyday? the sun rotates on it's axis the earth rotates on it's axis the sun orbits around the earth the earth orbits around the sun

earth rotates on its axis

The most important factor responsible for seasonality on earth is earth's axial tilt earth's distance from the sun the greenhouse effect earth's rotation

earth's axial tilt

the balance between incoming radiation and outgoing thermal is also known as _________ __________

energy budget

what is true about the transfer of energy, matter and momentum? - momentum is usually transferred from the surface upward - energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid or gas - matter is transferred so effectively that its spatial distribution in the atmosphere is uniform - no transfer of energy, matter or momentum can occur in the polar part of the atmosphere

energy transfer occurs when water changes state between solid, liquid, or gas

Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of ______ with small, but important, quantities of _______. A) Gases, liquid and solid particles B) Liquid and solid particles, gases C) Nitrogen, oxygen D) Oxygen, ozone E) Water vapor, carbon dioxide

gases, liquid and solid particles

stratospheric ozone= good/bad? low level ozone= good/bad?

good bad

Overall the greenhouse effect is a good thing or bad thing?

good thing

Gases such as co2 that are good at absorbing long wave radiation are referred to as: absorbers emitters greenhouse gases radiation gas

greenhouse gases

pressure being exerted in the atmosphere changes as it's ______ or _______

heated cooled

Which of the following is true? A) Air pressure decreases as air cools B) Cooling causes a density decrease in a column of air C) Heating causes a density decrease in a column of air D) Heating causes a mass decrease in a column of air E) Surface pressure rises with air temperature

heating causes a density decrease in a column of air

air moves from a ______ air pressure to a _____ air pressure

high low

As the temperature of a object increases, total energy emitted will: A) Decrease B) Increase C) Stay the sam D) Depends on wavelength E) None of the above

increase

Why is ozone vital to life on earth?

it absorbs lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun

Why is the ozone vital to life on earth? it absorbs lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun it reflects lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun it absorbs long wave radiation from the sun it reflects long wave radiation from the sun

it absorbs lethal ultraviolet radiation from the sun

In what month is the earth as a whole closest to the sun? january march june september december

january

The standard unit of energy in the International System (SI or "metric") is the: A) calorie B) joule C) meter D) watt

joule

Nothing in the universe with 0 degrees _________

kelvin

The energy required to cause a phase change of a substance (e.g., ice to liquid water) is called? A) Albedo B) Latent heat C) Photosynthesis D) Radiation E) None of the above

latent

what is the most important form of moving heat from surface to the atmosphere?

latent heat transfer

the atmosphere protects ________ things through ____________

living photosynthesis

greenhouse gases absorb _________ __________

longwave radiation

When we say "heat rises," it is because heat causes fluids (air, water) to expand. This expansion means the same number of molecules occupy a greater space, resulting in A) greater density B) greater mass C) lower density D) lower mass E) none of the above

lower density

the atmosphere has ________ and exerts _______ that is greater near earth's surface with the decrease in ________

mass pressure altitude

Density is a measure of A) Air pressure per unit of temperature C) Mass per unit of volume E) None of the above

mass per unit of volume

Radiation doesn't require a physical _______

medium

colder air = _____ pressure exerted at the surface warmer air = _______ pressure exerted at the surface

more less

what are the 2 categories of gases?

nitrogen and oxygen

Which of the following statements about Earth is not true? A) Its rotational axis is pointed toward Polaris B) It is closest to the Sun at perihelion. C) It has an elliptical orbit. D) It is closest to the Sun in January E) None of the above

none of the above

What atmospheric gas is made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms bonded together? A) argon B) carbon dioxide C) methane D) ozone E) none of the above

none of the above nitrous oxide

Which of the following earth systems represent the largest carbon receiver? atmosphere biosphere soils ocean

ocean

Ozone is a form of _____

oxygen

What atmospheric gas is made up of three oxygen molecules bonded together? A) argon B) carbon dioxide C) methane D) ozone E) none of the above

ozone

Which of the variable gases is mainly found in the stratosphere? argon co2 ozone water vapor

ozone

Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by: A) Absorption B) Photosynthesis C) Rainfall D) Transmission E) None of the above

photosynthesis

a barometer is used to measure what?

pressure

force exerted per unit area is? coriolis effect latent heat dewpoint pressure

pressure

The ideal gas law explains the relationship between which variables? A) temperature, moisture and pressure B) temperature, radiation and density C) pressure, albedo and density D) pressure, temperature and density

pressure temperature and density

Everything in the universe gives off ________

radiation

Albedo definition

reflection of earth

Clouds are highly ___________

reflective

____________ refers to the Earth spinning on its axis: A) circulation B) circumnavigation C) rotation D) revolution E) none of the above

rotation

Patterns of circulation in Earth's atmosphere can be observed at many different spatial scales from global to local. Temperature differences, ________, and the configuration of the continents and oceans establish the large-scale atmospheric circulation A) atmospheric beam depletion B) the rotation of Earth on its axis C) tilt of earths axis D) Weinz Law E) none of the above

rotation of earth on its axis

We can see even in shadows because atmospheric gasses do this to light A) Absorb it B) Radiate it C) Scatter it D) Transmit it E) None of the above

scatter it

the increase or decrease in sun's energy output is also known as

solar output

What variables could be changed to alter earth's energy budget?

solar variability albedo greenhouse effect

tropics vs. higher altitudes summer vs. winter hemisphere Both examples of _______ ___________

spatial differences

The amount of solar energy received at any point on Earth's surface varies due to among other things, Earth's________, its daily rotation, and its _______. A) daily rotation, Coriolis effect B) distance from the Sun, Coriolis effect C) spherical shape, Coriolis effect D) spherical shape, tilted axis E) none of the above

spherical shape, tilted axis

sea level is the _________

standard

2 different pressures at 2 different locations is also known as a _____ _______

strong gradient

On a surface pressure map, more closely spaced isobars will indicate: A) clear weather B) higher temperatures C) more rain D) stronger winds

stronger winds

On the June solstice: A) the South Pole experiences 24 hours of daylight. B) the Southern Hemisphere receives more energy than the Northern Hemisphere C) the subsolar point is on the Tropic of Capricorn D) the subsolar point is 23.5 degrees North

subsolar point is 23.5 degrees north

Beans and coal both have stored energy, where did it come from? Earths gravity suns light heat in earth's core air's carbon dioxide

sun's light

the measure of kinetic energy is also known as?

temperature

Day vs. Night Seasons climate change examples of __________ _____________

temporal differences

we have seasons (for example winter) because: -the earth is farther from the sun at certain times of the year -one side of the earth is not facing the sun in the winter -the earth rotates underneath areas of winter weather at certain times -the earth's angle of inclination relative to the sun is different in the winer

the earth's angle of inclination relative to the sun is different in the winter

What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed? A) The temperature increases B) There is no correlation between temperature and pressure C) The temperature decreases D) The temperature will first decrease, then increase E) None of the above

the temperature increases

the cycling of chemical substances throughout the biosphere is accomplished through: - the vertical transfer of momentum - the first law of thermodynamics - the rock cycle - the work of living things and physical and chemical process

the work of living things and physical and chemical process

The Earth's energy budget is the balance between incoming radiation from the sun (mostly visible light) and outgoing __________ energy from Earth. A) conduction B) latent heat C) microwave radiation D) thermal (infrared) E) None of the above

thermal (infrared)

The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures scales have a significant shortcoming not shared by the Kelvin scale, which is that: A) They allow for positive values B) They allow for negative values C) They don't go to "absolute zero" D) They don't go high enough

they allow for negative values

the atmosphere is very ______ with multiple layers that differ in _______, ________, and __________.

thin temperature density composition

The thermal layer of the atmosphere with the greatest density is: A) The mesosphere B) The ionosphere C) The homosphere D) The troposphere E) The heterosphere

troposphere

_________ contains most of earth's weather systems

troposphere

ozone layer absorbs __________ ___________

ultraviolet light

Horizontal and vertical energy imbalances in the Earth System produced by _____________create movement in the atmosphere and the ocean. A) Gravity B) The Greenhouse effect C) Holes in the ozone layer D) Unequal heating of Earth's surface E) None of the above

unequal heating of earth's surface

Gases whose distribution in the atmosphere is uneven in both time and space are categorized as: greenhouse gases heterospheric gases variable gases permanent gases none of these

variable gases

If you breathe on a mirror, part of the mirror clouds up. What are you actually seeing when you see the mirror clouds up? A) Carbon dioxide that you are breathing out from your lungs B) Cooled nitrogen in the air around you C) Oxygen that you are breathing out from your lungs D) Water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath E) None of the above

water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath

The bubbles that form in a pot of boiling water are composed of air carbon dioxide oxygen ozone water vapor none of these

water vapor

The most abundant of the variable gases is: A) argon B) CO2 C) oxygen D) ozone E) water vapor

water vapor

2 places that are close to the same pressure is known as a _____ ________

weak gradient

_____________is the short term phenomena that occur in the atmosphere, such as temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation. A) Climate B) Climatology C) Meteorology D) Weather E) None of the above

weather