h chemistry final exam
balance: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
1, 1, 1
balance: Cu + AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
1, 2, 1, 2
balance: HBr + Al(OH)3 --> H2O + AlBr3
3, 1, 3, 1
calculate the temp of 2 moles of a gas occupying a volume of 5 L and 2.46 atm.
74.91 K
which of these can happen due to decreasing the average energy of a liquid's particles?
freezing
the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures is called
heat
a binary acid contains
hydrogen and one other element
if force is held constant as surface area decreases, pressure...
increases
arrhenius theorized that an acid is a chemical compound that
increases the concentration of hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water
according to the kinetic molecular theory, how does a gas expand?
its particles move greater distances
energy is measured in
joules
acetic acid is found in
vinegar
also study a phase diagram
*
a 22 mL sample of 12M H2SO4 is diluted to a volume of 1200 mL. what is the molarity of the diluted solution?
.22 M
find the specific heat of a material if a 6 g sample absorbs 50 j when it is heated from 30 degrees to 50 degrees.
.42 j/g x C
a 4 g sample of iron was heated from 0 degrees C to 20 degrees C. it absorbed 35.2 J of energy as heat. what is the specific heat of this piece of iron?
.44 j/g x C
what is the molarity of a solution that contains 20.45 g of sodium chloride dissolved in 700 mL of solution?
.4998 M
what is the number of moles of h2 produced when 23 g of sodium react with water according to the equation: 2na + 2h2o --> 2naoh + h2
.5 mol
for the reaction represented by the equation Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI --> PbI2 + 2KNO3, how many moles of lead(II) iodide are produced from 300. g of potassium iodide and an excess of Pb(NO3)2?
.904 mol
standard temperature is exactly
0 degrees C or 273 K
a 5 g sample of silver is heated from 0 degrees C to 35 degrees C and absorbs 42 J of energy as heat. what is the specific heat of silver?
0.24 j/g x C
standard pressure is exactly
1 atm
for the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br2, how many moles of potassium chloride are produced from 119 g of potassium bromide?
1 mol
list three ways the rate of solvation may be increased.
1) increasing temp 2) stirring 3) increasing surface area
balance: O3 → O + O2
1, 1, 1
balance: Pb + FeSO4 --> PbSO4 + Fe
1, 1, 1, 1
balance: MgCl2 + Li2CO3 --> MgCO3 + LiCl
1, 1, 1, 2
balance: SeCl6 + O2 → SeO2 + Cl2
1, 1, 1, 3
balance: P4 + O2 → P2O3
1, 3, 2
balance: Li3N + NH4NO3 --> LiNO3 + (NH4)3N
1, 3, 3, 1
balance: Na3PO4 + KOH --> NaOH + K3PO4
1, 3, 3, 1
balance: C3H6O + O2 → CO2 + H2O
1, 4, 3, 3
balance: C6H12 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
1, 9, 6, 6
a diver finds the best corals at a depth approx 10m. the diver's lung capacity is 2.4 L. the air temp is 32 degrees C and the pressure is 101.3 kPa. what is the volume of the diver's lungs at 10m, at a temp of 21 C, and a pressure of 141.2 kPa?
1.66 L
calculate the molality of a solution that contains 106 g naphthalene (C10H8) dissolved in 3.15 mol carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
1.7 m
a steel tank w a volume of 9.583 L contains n2 gas under a pressure of 4.972 atm of 31.8 degrees C. calculate the number of moles n2 in the tank.
1.9 mol
for the reaction represented by the equation 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O, how many grams of water are produced from 6 mol of hydrogen?
108 g
for the reaction represented by the equation 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O, how many moles of water can be produced from 6 mol of oxygen?
12 mol
calculate the approx volume of a .6 mol sample of a gas at 15 degrees C and a pressure of 1.1 atm.
12.9 L
for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2, how many grams of sodium hydroxide are produced from 3 mol of sodium with an excess of water?
120 g
for the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br2, how many grams of potassium chloride can be produced from 300. g each of chlorine and potassium bromide?
187.9 g
in the reaction represented by the equation N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3, what is the mole ratio of nitrogen to ammonia?
1:2
balance: C5H5 + Fe → Fe(C5H5)2
2, 1, 1
balance: NH3+ H2SO4 --> (NH4)2SO4
2, 1, 1
balance: NaBr + Ca(OH)2 --> CaBr2 + NaOH
2, 1, 1, 2
balance: RbNO3 + BeF2 → Be(NO3)2 + RbF
2, 1, 1, 2
balance: MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 → MgSO3 + MnI4
2, 1, 2, 1
balance: NO2 --> O2 + N2
2, 2, 1
the volume of a gas is 1.5 L at 30 degrees C and 1 atm. what volume will the gas occupy if the temp is raised to 134 C at constant pressure?
2.01 L
ozone, O3, is produced by the reaction represented by the following equation: no2 + o2 --> no + o3. what mass of ozone will form from the reaction of 2 g of no2 in a car's exhaust and excess oxygen?
2.1 g
three samples of gas each exert 740 mm Hg in separate 2 L containers. what pressure do they exert if they are all placed in a single 2 L container?
2.22x10^3 mmHg
calculate the molarity of .205 L of a solution that contains 156.5 g of sucrose (C12H22O11)
2.23 M
a mass of 134 g of manganese dibromide (MnBr2) is dissolved in 225 g of water. what is the molality of the solution?
2.77 m
for the reaction represented by the equation 3Fe + 4H2O --> Fe3O4 + 4H2, how many moles of iron(III) oxide are produced from 500. g of iron in an excess of H2O?
2.98 mol
for the reaction represented by the equation C + 2H2 ® CH4, how many moles of hydrogen are required to produce 10 mol of methane, CH4?
20 mol
the standard molar enthalpy of vaporization for water is 40.79 kj/mol. what mass of steam is required to release 500 kj of energy upon condensation?
221 g
the volume of a sample of oxygen is 300 mL when the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 27 degrees C. at what temperature is the volume 1 L and the pressure .5 atm?
227 degrees C
a .6 L sample of a 2.5 M solution of potassium iodide (KI) contains what mass of KI?
249 g
how much energy is absorbed as heat by 20 g of gold when it is heated from 25 degrees C to 35 degrees C? (the specific heat of gold is 0.13 j/g x C)
26 j
in the reaction represented by the equation C + 2H2 --> CH4, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen to methane?
2:1
predict the products and balance: C2H6 + O2. state the reaction type
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O combustion
what is the pressure exerted by 1.2 mol of a gas w a temp of 20 degrees C and a volume of 9.5 L?
3 atm
the haber process for producing ammonia commercially is represented by the equation N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g). to completely convert 9.0 mol hydrogen gas to ammonia gas, how many moles of nitrogen gas are required?
3 mol
balance: Pb + H3PO4 --> H2 + Pb3(PO4)2
3, 2, 3, 1
when a milkshake is taken in through a straw at a pressure of .071 atm, the straw contains 5 mL of liquid. how much liquid is consumed at .092 atm?
3.9 mL
chlorine is produced by the reaction 2hcl --> h2 + cl2. how many grams of hcl (36.5 g/mol) must be used to produce 10 L of chlorine at stp?
32.6 g
for the reaction represented by the equation SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4, how many grams of sulfur trioxide are required to produce 4.00 mol of sulfuric acid in an excess of water?
320 g
in the reaction represented by the equation N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen to ammonia?
3:2
predict the products and balance: Mg + N2. state the reaction type
3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2 synthesis
balance: C5H9O + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
4, 27, 20, 18
a gas is confined in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. at 21 degrees C, the gas occupies a volume of 6.24 L under a pressure of 2.79 atm. the gas is heated to 99 C and compressed ti 5.22 atm. what volume does the gas occupy in its final state?
4.22 L
a gas is confined in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. at 20.5 degrees C, the gas occupies a volume of 7.9 L under a pressure of 3.36 atm. the gas is isothermally compressed until its pressure reaches 6.24 atm. what volume does the compressed gas occupy?
4.25 L
the volume of a sample of helium is 4.5 mL at 20 degrees C and 203 kPa. what will its volume be at 10 degrees C and 203 kPa?
4.34 mL
for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2, how many grams of hydrogen are produced if 120. g of sodium and 80. g of water are available?
4.5 g
in the equation 2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2, how many moles of oxygen are produced when 3.0 mol of KClO3 decompose completely?
4.5 mol
a 1 L sample of a gas has a mass of 1.92 g at stp. what is the molar mass of the gas?
43 g
in the reaction represented by the equation 2Al2O3 --> 4Al + 3O2, what is the mole ratio of aluminum to oxygen?
4:3
the volume of a gas is 5 L when the temperature is 5 degrees C. if the temperature is increased to 10 degrees C without changing the pressure, what is the new volume?
5.1 L
a 40 L sample of fluorine is heated from 90 degrees C to 186 degrees C. what volume will the sample occupy at the higher temperature?
50.5 L
for the reaction represented by the equation 2Fe + O2 --> 2FeO, how many grams of iron(II) oxide are produced from 8.00 mol of iron in an excess of oxygen?
575 g
what volume of oxygen is needed to react with solid sulfur to form 6.2 L of sulfur dioxide?
6.2 L
for the reaction represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O, how many moles of carbon dioxide are produced from the combustion of 100. g of methane?
6.23 mol
calculate the volume of the vessel that holds .3 moles of a gas at STP
6.7 L
convert the pressure .84 atm to mm Hg
638 mmHg
a gas sample w a mass of 12.8 g exerts a pressure of 1.2 atm at 15 degrees C and a volume of 3.94 L. what is the molar mass of the gas?
64 g/mol
a 2.5 L balloon is filled with water at 2.27 atm. if the balloon is squeezed into a .8 L beaker and does NOT burst, what is the pressure of water in the balloon?
7.1 atm
the volume of a gas is 93 ml when the temperature is 91 degrees C. if the temp is reduced to 0 degrees C, without changing the pressure, what is the new volume of the gas?
70 mL
a pressure of 745 mm Hg is equal to
745 torr
for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl, how many grams of sodium chloride can be produced from 500. g each of sodium and chlorine?
824 g
for the reaction represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 --> 2H2O + CO2, calculate the percentage yield of carbon dioxide if 1000. g of methane react with excess oxygen to produce 2300. g of carbon dioxide.
83.88%
for the reaction represented by the equation Mg + 2HCl --> H2 + MgCl2, calculate the percentage yield of magnesium chloride if 100. g of magnesium react with excess hydrochloric acid to yield 330. g of magnesium chloride.
84.2%
the molar enthalpy of fusion for water is 6.008 kj/mol. what quantity of energy is released when 253 g of liquid water freezes?
84.4 kj
a gas is confined in a steel tank with a volume of 6.982 L. at 20.20 degrees C, the gas exerts a pressure of 8.532 atm. after heating the tank, the pressure of the gas increases to 10.406 atm. what is the temp of the heated gas?
84.59 degrees C
the pressure of a sample of gas at 10 degrees C increases from 700 mmHg to 900 mmHg. what is the new temperature?
90.9 degrees C
for the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br2, calculate the percentage yield if 200 g of chlorine react with excess potassium bromide to produce 410 g of bromine.
91%
how much energy does a copper sample absorb as energy in the form of heat if its specific heat is 0.384 j/g x C, its mass is 8 g, and it is heated from 10 degrees C and 40 degrees C?
92.2 j/g x C
for the reaction represented by the equation SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4, calculate the percentage yield if 500 g of sulfur trioxide react with excess water to produce 575 g of sulfuric acid.
93.3%
convert the pressure 1.3 atm to mm Hg
988 mmHg
predict the products and balance: AgNO3 + NaI. state the reaction type
AgNO3 + NaI → NaNO3 + AgI double displacement
which of the following is not a strong acid? HNO3 CH3COOH H2SO4 HCl
CH3COOH
predict the products and balance: Ca + H2O. state the reaction type
Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2 single displacement
in the reaction represented by the equation HClO3 + NH3 = NH4+ + ClO3-, the conjugate base of HClO3 is
ClO3-
in the reaction CH3COOH + H2O --> H3O+ + CH3COO-, the conjugate base of H3O is
H2O
which compound is produced by neutralization?
H2O (l)
which of the following is not an oxyacid? H2O2 H2SO4 HClO4 HClO2
H2O2
which of the following is a triprotic acid? H2SO4 CH3COOH HCl H3PO4
H3PO4
in the equation HCl + H2O --> Cl-, which species is a bronsted-lowry acid?
HCl
which of the following is chlorous acid? HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4
HClO2
which of the following is perchloric acid? HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4
HClO4
in the reaction HF + H2O --> H3O+ +F-, a conjugate acid base pair is
HF and F-
which of the following is a strong base? KOH H2 NH3 HCl
KOH
predict the products and balance: Zn + CuCl2. state the reaction type
Zn + CuCl2 → ZnCl2 + Cu single displacement
a salt is not
a proton donor
in the reaction HSO4- + H2O --> H3O+ + SO4 2-, the ion HSO4- acts as a(n)
acid
an amphoteric species is one that reacts as a(n)
acid or base
what is the measured amount of a product obtained from a chemical reaction?
actual yield
avogadro's law led to the realization that the molecules of some substances
are diatomic
the traditional definition of acids is based on the observations of
arrhenius
a base is weak if its tendency to
attract a proton is slight
the principle that under similar pressures and temperatures, equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules is attributed to...
avogadro
the ideal gas law combines boyle's law, charles' law, gay-lussac's law, and
avogadro's law
in the reaction represented by the equation H2SO4 + H2O --> H3O+ + HSO4-, the ion HSO4- acts as a(n)
base
the name of a binary acid
begins with the prefix hydro-
in the reaction represented by the equation NH3 +H2O --> NH4+ + OH-, H2O is a(n)
bronsted lowry acid
whose definition of acids and bases emphasizes the role of protons?
bronsted-lowry
if one knows the mole ratio of a reactant and product in a chemical reaction, one can...
calculate the mass of the product produced from a known mass of reactant.
gay-lussac recognizes that at constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactant and products...
can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers
above the critical temperature, a substance...
cannot exist in the liquid state
aqueous solutions of bases
carry electricity
to balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the
coefficients
type of reaction: C3H6O + O2 → CO2 + H2O
combustion
type of reaction: C5H9O + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
combustion
type of reaction: C6H12 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
combustion
the study of the mass relationships of elements in compounds
composition stoichiometry
a species that remains when an acid has lost a proton
conjugate base
according to avogadro's law, 1 L of h2 and 2 L of o2 at the same temp and pressure
contain equal numbers of molecules
who developed the concept that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of their partial pressures?
dalton
type of reaction: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
decomposition
type of reaction: NO2 --> O2 + N2
decomposition
type of reaction: O3 → O + O2
decomposition
a solid forms when the average energy of a substance's particles...
decreases
in what units is temperature measured?
degrees celsius and kelvins
the standard molar volume of a gas is all the following except
dependent upon the size of the molecules
type of reaction: HBr + Al(OH)3 --> H2O + AlBr3
double displacement
type of reaction: Li3N + NH4NO3 --> LiNO3 + (NH4)3N
double displacement
type of reaction: MgCl2 + Li2CO3 --> MgCO3 + LiCl
double displacement
type of reaction: MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 → MgSO3 + MnI4
double displacement
type of reaction: Na3PO4 + KOH --> NaOH + K3PO4
double displacement
type of reaction: NaBr + Ca(OH)2 --> CaBr2 + NaOH
double displacement
type of reaction:RbNO3 + BeF2 → Be(NO3)2 + RbF
double displacement
a volatile liquid...
evaporates readily
at its triple point, water can...
exist in equilibrium in 3 different phases
t or f: a colloid can be separated by filtration.
false
t or f: a solution is a mixture containing particles that settle out of the mixture if left undisturbed.
false
t or f: a supersaturated solution contains less dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.
false
t or f: arrhenius acids increase the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.
false
t or f: molar solutions are calculated and expressed in g/liter.
false
t or f: solubility is a measure of the minimum amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure.
false
t or f: the most common solvent among liquid solutions is ethanol.
false
if the temp of a fixed quantity of gas decreases and the pressure remains unchanged,
its volume decreases
compared with acids that have the suffix -ic, acids that have the suffix -ous contain
less oxygen
a chemical reaction involving substances a and b stops when b is completely used. b is the...
limiting reactant
the energy of the particles in a solid is...
lower than the energy of the particles in liquids and gases
the law of combining volumes applies only to gas volumes...
measured at constant temperature and pressure
how does molality differ from molarity
molality: moles of a solute in a reaction to the mass of a solvent molarity: moles of a solute in relation to the volume of a solution
a balanced chemical equation allows one to determine the...
mole ratio of any two substances in the reaction.
for an exothermic reaction, △H is always
negative
at constant temperature and pressure, gas volume is directly proportional to the
number of moles of gas
at stp, the standard molar volume of a gas of known volume can be used to calculate the
number of moles of gas
in a conjugate acid-base pair, the acid typically has
one more proton than the base
a chemist interested in the efficiency of a chemical reaction would calculate the...
percent yield
if the temperature of a fixed quantity and volume of gas changes, what also changes?
pressure
a bronsted lowry base is a(n)
proton acceptor
a bronsted lowry acid is a(n)
proton donor
if v, p, and t represent original volume, pressure, and temperature in the correct units, and v', p', and t' represent the new conditions, what is the combined gas law?
pv/t=p'v'/t'
the study of the mass relationships among reactants and products in a chemical reaction
reaction stoichiometry
when the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is completely used, the...
reaction stops
type of reaction: Cu + AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
single displacement
type of reaction: Pb + FeSO4 --> PbSO4 + Fe
single displacement
type of reaction: Pb + H3PO4 --> H2 + Pb3(PO4)2
single displacement
type of reaction: SeCl6 + O2 → SeO2 + Cl2
single displacement
forces holding particles together are stronger in a...
solid
according to the kinetic molecular theory, particles of matter are in motion in
solids, liquids, and gases
acids taste
sour
what is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree c or 1 k?
specific heat
a substance that ionizes nearly completely in aqueous solutions and produces H3O+ is a
strong acid
in the equation CH3COOH + H2O --> H3O+ + CH3COO-, H2O is a weak base and H3O is a
strong acid
in the equation HClO4 + NH3 --> NH4+ + ClO4-, ClO4- is a weak base and HClO4 is a
strong acid
the conjugate of a weak base is a
strong acid
what is the process of a substance changing from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid phase?
sublimation
an acid ending with the suffix -ic produces an anion with the
suffix -ate
pressure is the force per unit...
surface area
type of reaction: C5H5 + Fe → Fe(C5H5)2
synthesis
type of reaction: NH3+ H2SO4 --> (NH4)2SO4
synthesis
type of reaction: P4 + O2 → P2O3
synthesis
which of the following is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter?
temperature
why does the air pressure inside the tires of a car increase when the car is driven?
the air particles inside the tire increase their speed b/c their temperature rises
the greater the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter,
the higher the temperature is
what is the critical pressure?
the lowest pressure under which a substance can exist as a liquid at the critical temperature
the gas pressure inside a container decreases when
the number of molecules is increased and the temp is icnreased
to determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction involving known masses of a and b, one could first calculate...
the number of moles of b and the number of moles of a available
which of these best describes vaporization?
the process by which a liquid changes to a gas
what is the maximum possible amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction?
theoretical yield
t or f: a solution may exist as a gas, a liquid, or a solid depending on the state of the solvent.
true
t or f: additional solute can be dissolved in an unsaturated solution.
true
t or f: colloids demonstrate the tyndall effect.
true
t or f: in a saturated solution, solvation and crystallization are in equilibrium
true
t or f: nonpolar solutes are more soluble in nonpolar solvents.
true
t or f: the most abundant substance in a colloid is the dispersion medium.
true
t or f: the overall energy change that occurs when a solution forms is called the heat of solution.
true
t or f: the solubility of a gas dissolved in a liquid decreases as the temp of the solution increases.
true
how many conjugate acid base pairs participate in a bronsted lowry acid-base reaction?
two
if v is the original volume, v' is the new volume, t is the original kelvin temperature, and t' is the new kelvin temperature, how is charles's law expressed mathematically?
v=v't/t'
particles within a solid...
vibrate about fixed positions
for reactants or products that are gases, the coefficients in the chemical equation indicate
volume
if the temperature remains constant, v and p represent the original volume and pressure and v' and p' represent the new volume and pressure, what is the mathematical expression for boyle's law?
vp=v'p'
the conjugate of a strong base is a
weak acid