h chemistry final exam

balance: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

1, 1, 1

balance: Cu + AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag

1, 2, 1, 2

balance: HBr + Al(OH)3 --> H2O + AlBr3

3, 1, 3, 1

calculate the temp of 2 moles of a gas occupying a volume of 5 L and 2.46 atm.

74.91 K

which of these can happen due to decreasing the average energy of a liquid's particles?

freezing

the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures is called

heat

a binary acid contains

hydrogen and one other element

if force is held constant as surface area decreases, pressure...

increases

arrhenius theorized that an acid is a chemical compound that

increases the concentration of hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water

according to the kinetic molecular theory, how does a gas expand?

its particles move greater distances

energy is measured in

joules

acetic acid is found in

vinegar

also study a phase diagram

*

a 22 mL sample of 12M H2SO4 is diluted to a volume of 1200 mL. what is the molarity of the diluted solution?

.22 M

find the specific heat of a material if a 6 g sample absorbs 50 j when it is heated from 30 degrees to 50 degrees.

.42 j/g x C

a 4 g sample of iron was heated from 0 degrees C to 20 degrees C. it absorbed 35.2 J of energy as heat. what is the specific heat of this piece of iron?

.44 j/g x C

what is the molarity of a solution that contains 20.45 g of sodium chloride dissolved in 700 mL of solution?

.4998 M

what is the number of moles of h2 produced when 23 g of sodium react with water according to the equation: 2na + 2h2o --> 2naoh + h2

.5 mol

for the reaction represented by the equation Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI --> PbI2 + 2KNO3, how many moles of lead(II) iodide are produced from 300. g of potassium iodide and an excess of Pb(NO3)2?

.904 mol

standard temperature is exactly

0 degrees C or 273 K

a 5 g sample of silver is heated from 0 degrees C to 35 degrees C and absorbs 42 J of energy as heat. what is the specific heat of silver?

0.24 j/g x C

standard pressure is exactly

1 atm

for the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br2, how many moles of potassium chloride are produced from 119 g of potassium bromide?

1 mol

list three ways the rate of solvation may be increased.

1) increasing temp 2) stirring 3) increasing surface area

balance: O3 → O + O2

1, 1, 1

balance: Pb + FeSO4 --> PbSO4 + Fe

1, 1, 1, 1

balance: MgCl2 + Li2CO3 --> MgCO3 + LiCl

1, 1, 1, 2

balance: SeCl6 + O2 → SeO2 + Cl2

1, 1, 1, 3

balance: P4 + O2 → P2O3

1, 3, 2

balance: Li3N + NH4NO3 --> LiNO3 + (NH4)3N

1, 3, 3, 1

balance: Na3PO4 + KOH --> NaOH + K3PO4

1, 3, 3, 1

balance: C3H6O + O2 → CO2 + H2O

1, 4, 3, 3

balance: C6H12 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

1, 9, 6, 6

a diver finds the best corals at a depth approx 10m. the diver's lung capacity is 2.4 L. the air temp is 32 degrees C and the pressure is 101.3 kPa. what is the volume of the diver's lungs at 10m, at a temp of 21 C, and a pressure of 141.2 kPa?

1.66 L

calculate the molality of a solution that contains 106 g naphthalene (C10H8) dissolved in 3.15 mol carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

1.7 m

a steel tank w a volume of 9.583 L contains n2 gas under a pressure of 4.972 atm of 31.8 degrees C. calculate the number of moles n2 in the tank.

1.9 mol

for the reaction represented by the equation 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O, how many grams of water are produced from 6 mol of hydrogen?

108 g

for the reaction represented by the equation 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O, how many moles of water can be produced from 6 mol of oxygen?

12 mol

calculate the approx volume of a .6 mol sample of a gas at 15 degrees C and a pressure of 1.1 atm.

12.9 L

for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2, how many grams of sodium hydroxide are produced from 3 mol of sodium with an excess of water?

120 g

for the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br2, how many grams of potassium chloride can be produced from 300. g each of chlorine and potassium bromide?

187.9 g

in the reaction represented by the equation N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3, what is the mole ratio of nitrogen to ammonia?

1:2

balance: C5H5 + Fe → Fe(C5H5)2

2, 1, 1

balance: NH3+ H2SO4 --> (NH4)2SO4

2, 1, 1

balance: NaBr + Ca(OH)2 --> CaBr2 + NaOH

2, 1, 1, 2

balance: RbNO3 + BeF2 → Be(NO3)2 + RbF

2, 1, 1, 2

balance: MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 → MgSO3 + MnI4

2, 1, 2, 1

balance: NO2 --> O2 + N2

2, 2, 1

the volume of a gas is 1.5 L at 30 degrees C and 1 atm. what volume will the gas occupy if the temp is raised to 134 C at constant pressure?

2.01 L

ozone, O3, is produced by the reaction represented by the following equation: no2 + o2 --> no + o3. what mass of ozone will form from the reaction of 2 g of no2 in a car's exhaust and excess oxygen?

2.1 g

three samples of gas each exert 740 mm Hg in separate 2 L containers. what pressure do they exert if they are all placed in a single 2 L container?

2.22x10^3 mmHg

calculate the molarity of .205 L of a solution that contains 156.5 g of sucrose (C12H22O11)

2.23 M

a mass of 134 g of manganese dibromide (MnBr2) is dissolved in 225 g of water. what is the molality of the solution?

2.77 m

for the reaction represented by the equation 3Fe + 4H2O --> Fe3O4 + 4H2, how many moles of iron(III) oxide are produced from 500. g of iron in an excess of H2O?

2.98 mol

for the reaction represented by the equation C + 2H2 ® CH4, how many moles of hydrogen are required to produce 10 mol of methane, CH4?

20 mol

the standard molar enthalpy of vaporization for water is 40.79 kj/mol. what mass of steam is required to release 500 kj of energy upon condensation?

221 g

the volume of a sample of oxygen is 300 mL when the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 27 degrees C. at what temperature is the volume 1 L and the pressure .5 atm?

227 degrees C

a .6 L sample of a 2.5 M solution of potassium iodide (KI) contains what mass of KI?

249 g

how much energy is absorbed as heat by 20 g of gold when it is heated from 25 degrees C to 35 degrees C? (the specific heat of gold is 0.13 j/g x C)

26 j

in the reaction represented by the equation C + 2H2 --> CH4, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen to methane?

2:1

predict the products and balance: C2H6 + O2. state the reaction type

2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O combustion

what is the pressure exerted by 1.2 mol of a gas w a temp of 20 degrees C and a volume of 9.5 L?

3 atm

the haber process for producing ammonia commercially is represented by the equation N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g). to completely convert 9.0 mol hydrogen gas to ammonia gas, how many moles of nitrogen gas are required?

3 mol

balance: Pb + H3PO4 --> H2 + Pb3(PO4)2

3, 2, 3, 1

when a milkshake is taken in through a straw at a pressure of .071 atm, the straw contains 5 mL of liquid. how much liquid is consumed at .092 atm?

3.9 mL

chlorine is produced by the reaction 2hcl --> h2 + cl2. how many grams of hcl (36.5 g/mol) must be used to produce 10 L of chlorine at stp?

32.6 g

for the reaction represented by the equation SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4, how many grams of sulfur trioxide are required to produce 4.00 mol of sulfuric acid in an excess of water?

320 g

in the reaction represented by the equation N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen to ammonia?

3:2

predict the products and balance: Mg + N2. state the reaction type

3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2 synthesis

balance: C5H9O + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

4, 27, 20, 18

a gas is confined in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. at 21 degrees C, the gas occupies a volume of 6.24 L under a pressure of 2.79 atm. the gas is heated to 99 C and compressed ti 5.22 atm. what volume does the gas occupy in its final state?

4.22 L

a gas is confined in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. at 20.5 degrees C, the gas occupies a volume of 7.9 L under a pressure of 3.36 atm. the gas is isothermally compressed until its pressure reaches 6.24 atm. what volume does the compressed gas occupy?

4.25 L

the volume of a sample of helium is 4.5 mL at 20 degrees C and 203 kPa. what will its volume be at 10 degrees C and 203 kPa?

4.34 mL

for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2, how many grams of hydrogen are produced if 120. g of sodium and 80. g of water are available?

4.5 g

in the equation 2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2, how many moles of oxygen are produced when 3.0 mol of KClO3 decompose completely?

4.5 mol

a 1 L sample of a gas has a mass of 1.92 g at stp. what is the molar mass of the gas?

43 g

in the reaction represented by the equation 2Al2O3 --> 4Al + 3O2, what is the mole ratio of aluminum to oxygen?

4:3

the volume of a gas is 5 L when the temperature is 5 degrees C. if the temperature is increased to 10 degrees C without changing the pressure, what is the new volume?

5.1 L

a 40 L sample of fluorine is heated from 90 degrees C to 186 degrees C. what volume will the sample occupy at the higher temperature?

50.5 L

for the reaction represented by the equation 2Fe + O2 --> 2FeO, how many grams of iron(II) oxide are produced from 8.00 mol of iron in an excess of oxygen?

575 g

what volume of oxygen is needed to react with solid sulfur to form 6.2 L of sulfur dioxide?

6.2 L

for the reaction represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O, how many moles of carbon dioxide are produced from the combustion of 100. g of methane?

6.23 mol

calculate the volume of the vessel that holds .3 moles of a gas at STP

6.7 L

convert the pressure .84 atm to mm Hg

638 mmHg

a gas sample w a mass of 12.8 g exerts a pressure of 1.2 atm at 15 degrees C and a volume of 3.94 L. what is the molar mass of the gas?

64 g/mol

a 2.5 L balloon is filled with water at 2.27 atm. if the balloon is squeezed into a .8 L beaker and does NOT burst, what is the pressure of water in the balloon?

7.1 atm

the volume of a gas is 93 ml when the temperature is 91 degrees C. if the temp is reduced to 0 degrees C, without changing the pressure, what is the new volume of the gas?

70 mL

a pressure of 745 mm Hg is equal to

745 torr

for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl, how many grams of sodium chloride can be produced from 500. g each of sodium and chlorine?

824 g

for the reaction represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 --> 2H2O + CO2, calculate the percentage yield of carbon dioxide if 1000. g of methane react with excess oxygen to produce 2300. g of carbon dioxide.

83.88%

for the reaction represented by the equation Mg + 2HCl --> H2 + MgCl2, calculate the percentage yield of magnesium chloride if 100. g of magnesium react with excess hydrochloric acid to yield 330. g of magnesium chloride.

84.2%

the molar enthalpy of fusion for water is 6.008 kj/mol. what quantity of energy is released when 253 g of liquid water freezes?

84.4 kj

a gas is confined in a steel tank with a volume of 6.982 L. at 20.20 degrees C, the gas exerts a pressure of 8.532 atm. after heating the tank, the pressure of the gas increases to 10.406 atm. what is the temp of the heated gas?

84.59 degrees C

the pressure of a sample of gas at 10 degrees C increases from 700 mmHg to 900 mmHg. what is the new temperature?

90.9 degrees C

for the reaction represented by the equation Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br2, calculate the percentage yield if 200 g of chlorine react with excess potassium bromide to produce 410 g of bromine.

91%

how much energy does a copper sample absorb as energy in the form of heat if its specific heat is 0.384 j/g x C, its mass is 8 g, and it is heated from 10 degrees C and 40 degrees C?

92.2 j/g x C

for the reaction represented by the equation SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4, calculate the percentage yield if 500 g of sulfur trioxide react with excess water to produce 575 g of sulfuric acid.

93.3%

convert the pressure 1.3 atm to mm Hg

988 mmHg

predict the products and balance: AgNO3 + NaI. state the reaction type

AgNO3 + NaI → NaNO3 + AgI double displacement

which of the following is not a strong acid? HNO3 CH3COOH H2SO4 HCl

CH3COOH

predict the products and balance: Ca + H2O. state the reaction type

Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2 single displacement

in the reaction represented by the equation HClO3 + NH3 = NH4+ + ClO3-, the conjugate base of HClO3 is

ClO3-

in the reaction CH3COOH + H2O --> H3O+ + CH3COO-, the conjugate base of H3O is

H2O

which compound is produced by neutralization?

H2O (l)

which of the following is not an oxyacid? H2O2 H2SO4 HClO4 HClO2

H2O2

which of the following is a triprotic acid? H2SO4 CH3COOH HCl H3PO4

H3PO4

in the equation HCl + H2O --> Cl-, which species is a bronsted-lowry acid?

HCl

which of the following is chlorous acid? HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4

HClO2

which of the following is perchloric acid? HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4

HClO4

in the reaction HF + H2O --> H3O+ +F-, a conjugate acid base pair is

HF and F-

which of the following is a strong base? KOH H2 NH3 HCl

KOH

predict the products and balance: Zn + CuCl2. state the reaction type

Zn + CuCl2 → ZnCl2 + Cu single displacement

a salt is not

a proton donor

in the reaction HSO4- + H2O --> H3O+ + SO4 2-, the ion HSO4- acts as a(n)

acid

an amphoteric species is one that reacts as a(n)

acid or base

what is the measured amount of a product obtained from a chemical reaction?

actual yield

avogadro's law led to the realization that the molecules of some substances

are diatomic

the traditional definition of acids is based on the observations of

arrhenius

a base is weak if its tendency to

attract a proton is slight

the principle that under similar pressures and temperatures, equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules is attributed to...

avogadro

the ideal gas law combines boyle's law, charles' law, gay-lussac's law, and

avogadro's law

in the reaction represented by the equation H2SO4 + H2O --> H3O+ + HSO4-, the ion HSO4- acts as a(n)

base

the name of a binary acid

begins with the prefix hydro-

in the reaction represented by the equation NH3 +H2O --> NH4+ + OH-, H2O is a(n)

bronsted lowry acid

whose definition of acids and bases emphasizes the role of protons?

bronsted-lowry

if one knows the mole ratio of a reactant and product in a chemical reaction, one can...

calculate the mass of the product produced from a known mass of reactant.

gay-lussac recognizes that at constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactant and products...

can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers

above the critical temperature, a substance...

cannot exist in the liquid state

aqueous solutions of bases

carry electricity

to balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the

coefficients

type of reaction: C3H6O + O2 → CO2 + H2O

combustion

type of reaction: C5H9O + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

combustion

type of reaction: C6H12 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

combustion

the study of the mass relationships of elements in compounds

composition stoichiometry

a species that remains when an acid has lost a proton

conjugate base

according to avogadro's law, 1 L of h2 and 2 L of o2 at the same temp and pressure

contain equal numbers of molecules

who developed the concept that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of their partial pressures?

dalton

type of reaction: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

decomposition

type of reaction: NO2 --> O2 + N2

decomposition

type of reaction: O3 → O + O2

decomposition

a solid forms when the average energy of a substance's particles...

decreases

in what units is temperature measured?

degrees celsius and kelvins

the standard molar volume of a gas is all the following except

dependent upon the size of the molecules

type of reaction: HBr + Al(OH)3 --> H2O + AlBr3

double displacement

type of reaction: Li3N + NH4NO3 --> LiNO3 + (NH4)3N

double displacement

type of reaction: MgCl2 + Li2CO3 --> MgCO3 + LiCl

double displacement

type of reaction: MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 → MgSO3 + MnI4

double displacement

type of reaction: Na3PO4 + KOH --> NaOH + K3PO4

double displacement

type of reaction: NaBr + Ca(OH)2 --> CaBr2 + NaOH

double displacement

type of reaction:RbNO3 + BeF2 → Be(NO3)2 + RbF

double displacement

a volatile liquid...

evaporates readily

at its triple point, water can...

exist in equilibrium in 3 different phases

t or f: a colloid can be separated by filtration.

false

t or f: a solution is a mixture containing particles that settle out of the mixture if left undisturbed.

false

t or f: a supersaturated solution contains less dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.

false

t or f: arrhenius acids increase the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.

false

t or f: molar solutions are calculated and expressed in g/liter.

false

t or f: solubility is a measure of the minimum amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure.

false

t or f: the most common solvent among liquid solutions is ethanol.

false

if the temp of a fixed quantity of gas decreases and the pressure remains unchanged,

its volume decreases

compared with acids that have the suffix -ic, acids that have the suffix -ous contain

less oxygen

a chemical reaction involving substances a and b stops when b is completely used. b is the...

limiting reactant

the energy of the particles in a solid is...

lower than the energy of the particles in liquids and gases

the law of combining volumes applies only to gas volumes...

measured at constant temperature and pressure

how does molality differ from molarity

molality: moles of a solute in a reaction to the mass of a solvent molarity: moles of a solute in relation to the volume of a solution

a balanced chemical equation allows one to determine the...

mole ratio of any two substances in the reaction.

for an exothermic reaction, △H is always

negative

at constant temperature and pressure, gas volume is directly proportional to the

number of moles of gas

at stp, the standard molar volume of a gas of known volume can be used to calculate the

number of moles of gas

in a conjugate acid-base pair, the acid typically has

one more proton than the base

a chemist interested in the efficiency of a chemical reaction would calculate the...

percent yield

if the temperature of a fixed quantity and volume of gas changes, what also changes?

pressure

a bronsted lowry base is a(n)

proton acceptor

a bronsted lowry acid is a(n)

proton donor

if v, p, and t represent original volume, pressure, and temperature in the correct units, and v', p', and t' represent the new conditions, what is the combined gas law?

pv/t=p'v'/t'

the study of the mass relationships among reactants and products in a chemical reaction

reaction stoichiometry

when the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is completely used, the...

reaction stops

type of reaction: Cu + AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag

single displacement

type of reaction: Pb + FeSO4 --> PbSO4 + Fe

single displacement

type of reaction: Pb + H3PO4 --> H2 + Pb3(PO4)2

single displacement

type of reaction: SeCl6 + O2 → SeO2 + Cl2

single displacement

forces holding particles together are stronger in a...

solid

according to the kinetic molecular theory, particles of matter are in motion in

solids, liquids, and gases

acids taste

sour

what is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree c or 1 k?

specific heat

a substance that ionizes nearly completely in aqueous solutions and produces H3O+ is a

strong acid

in the equation CH3COOH + H2O --> H3O+ + CH3COO-, H2O is a weak base and H3O is a

strong acid

in the equation HClO4 + NH3 --> NH4+ + ClO4-, ClO4- is a weak base and HClO4 is a

strong acid

the conjugate of a weak base is a

strong acid

what is the process of a substance changing from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid phase?

sublimation

an acid ending with the suffix -ic produces an anion with the

suffix -ate

pressure is the force per unit...

surface area

type of reaction: C5H5 + Fe → Fe(C5H5)2

synthesis

type of reaction: NH3+ H2SO4 --> (NH4)2SO4

synthesis

type of reaction: P4 + O2 → P2O3

synthesis

which of the following is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter?

temperature

why does the air pressure inside the tires of a car increase when the car is driven?

the air particles inside the tire increase their speed b/c their temperature rises

the greater the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter,

the higher the temperature is

what is the critical pressure?

the lowest pressure under which a substance can exist as a liquid at the critical temperature

the gas pressure inside a container decreases when

the number of molecules is increased and the temp is icnreased

to determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction involving known masses of a and b, one could first calculate...

the number of moles of b and the number of moles of a available

which of these best describes vaporization?

the process by which a liquid changes to a gas

what is the maximum possible amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction?

theoretical yield

t or f: a solution may exist as a gas, a liquid, or a solid depending on the state of the solvent.

true

t or f: additional solute can be dissolved in an unsaturated solution.

true

t or f: colloids demonstrate the tyndall effect.

true

t or f: in a saturated solution, solvation and crystallization are in equilibrium

true

t or f: nonpolar solutes are more soluble in nonpolar solvents.

true

t or f: the most abundant substance in a colloid is the dispersion medium.

true

t or f: the overall energy change that occurs when a solution forms is called the heat of solution.

true

t or f: the solubility of a gas dissolved in a liquid decreases as the temp of the solution increases.

true

how many conjugate acid base pairs participate in a bronsted lowry acid-base reaction?

two

if v is the original volume, v' is the new volume, t is the original kelvin temperature, and t' is the new kelvin temperature, how is charles's law expressed mathematically?

v=v't/t'

particles within a solid...

vibrate about fixed positions

for reactants or products that are gases, the coefficients in the chemical equation indicate

volume

if the temperature remains constant, v and p represent the original volume and pressure and v' and p' represent the new volume and pressure, what is the mathematical expression for boyle's law?

vp=v'p'

the conjugate of a strong base is a

weak acid