Hate Crimes Exam 2: Chapter 3 and 4

Racist Skinheads

Began as an unorganized youth cultural movement in England. White supremacy was not the original goal. Over the years it has become more violent and has developed ties with other white supremacists. Dislike Hippies, Pakistanis, and gays.

prejudice

"an aversive or hostile attitude toward a person who belongs to a group, simply because he belongs to that group, and is therefore presumed to have the objectionable qualities ascribed to the group."

stereotype

"an exaggerated belief associated with a category" It is a mental picture that is attached to a particular group. Stereotypes are often negative. They are dangerous because they lead us to make judgments about an individual based only on that individual's group affiliation rather than information we have actually learned about the individual. Ex) Boys only playing boys on the playground.

Characteristics shared by all hate groups

1) Their viewpoints are bigoted. They oppose some group on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation. Their primary goal is to advance their own interests at the expense of those they oppose. 2) They are very organized. They have membership criteria , membership applications, and membership cards, fund raise, and have news letters.

Christian Identity

19th-century doctrine teaches that people who call themselves Jews are not the true jews. God's chosen people are residents of Great Britain.

newspaper article: Members of White Supremacist Gang sentenced to 30 years in death of fellow Inmate:

2 members of a white Supremacist group and Aryan Brotherhood gang, get 30 years in prison for stabbing a fellow inmate. Both got second-degree murder for killing Jorn O'Sullivan for stabbing him 54 times. Killed him because of an event that happened at another prison.

Newspaper Article: Mom lets Son Wear KKK Halloween Costume, Says It's a family Tradition

A Virgina mother let her mother 7 year old wear a Ku Klux Klan costume this Halloween.Said it was a family tradition.She said her brother wore it and claimed there is nothing wrong with the costume or the white supremacist group. Said that the KKK means black people should be with black people and white people should be with white people. Some people were angry while others criticized people for missing the larger point. Proves racism is still around and can be anywhere in the United States. Halloween sometimes has a lot of offensive costumes.

Kahane Chai

A militant Jewish supremacist group is opposed to Christians and especially Arabs.

Bigot

A person who is intolerant towards those holding different opinions.

Newspaper Article: FBI Warns of Potential surge in hate crimes against Asian Americans amid coronavirus

A portion of the US public will associate COVID-19 with China and Asian American populations. A lot of higher up people have called it "china virus" including Trump. Trump denied that it is racist. Hasn't made any attempts to protect the American communities. Surge of hate crimes. Family of three was stabbed because the suspect thought they were chinese and giving people covid.

newspaper article: White supremacist pleads guilty in plot to blow up Colorado synagogue

A self-identified white supremacist and neo-nazi pleaded guilty to plotting to blow up a Colordo synagogue. He was arrested last year and charged with federal hate crime and explosives charges for plotting to blow up the Temple Emanuel Synagogue in Pueblo. Used social media to talk to promote white supremacy. He visited the synagogue to observe congregants. He wanted to tell "tell the Jewish people in the community that they are not welcome in Pueblo" "Preparing for a racial holy war and that he wanted to "get that place off the map". He wanted to drive people with jewish faith out of his community. He met with undercover agents who gave him inert explosive devices ahead of his planned attack. Said that Mein Kampf "this is a move for our race" Faced 20 years in prison.

Hate crimes offenders are more likely to

Act in a small group than alone.

Craig Anderson

An African American man that was beat, called racial slurs, run over, and killed by a group of white Mississippi teens. These teens came to Jackson to look for an African American to attack. Craig Anderson happened to be at a hotel parking lot. All 10 pled guilty and were convicted under new hate crime laws.

American Patrol

Anti-immigrant and Anti-Latino.

Most Hate Crimes

Are Not committed by White Supremacist

Thrill-Seeking Crimes

Are the most common type, 2/3 of hate crimes are this type, young groups of men are bored and looking for excitement, a lot of times the perpetrators may not be especially based towards the victim but they were following a leader. They fear rejection or they want to brag about what they did. In almost all cases the perpetrators leaves their own neighborhood

What type of parents are likely to raise prejudiced children ?

Authoritarian

Patriotism

Becomes a problem when a group thinks they are better than everyone else.

New Black Panther Party

Holds black separatist and anti-semitic views.

4/20

Hitler's birthday

Racist skinhead

Began as unorganized youth movement. Copied the rude boys image. They didn't care for the hippies they would cut the hair off of hippies. They would kick people in steel toe boots. This group is very violent and also urban. They could take advantage of the media. Were interviewed on tv which made them popular. Some skinheads groups were not white supremacy.

Bare Naked Islam

Blog that publishes anti-muslim posts and encourages violence.

KKK in the 1930s

By this time members of the kkk were just the southern states. But at first the KKK had members in the North and South.

Newspaper: Ice Cube and Symone Sanders on White Privilege

Calls out the host on his show Calls him out for his jokes That word can be used as a weapon or a tool. "They cannot take it back" It's not cool to say it. Feels like a knife. This is a political show not a joke show Some things just aren't funny. Even though he apoziled it wasn't okay. He was making light of a very serious situation. It is more than just a word. Not much has changed slow justice moving in the right direction. Turn in the bad cops. People are sick of them. Turning the community against the cops because there are bad cops. The good cops need to turn in the bad cops.

Self-indentification

Children learn which groups they belong to (the in-group) and which they do not (the outgroup). Distinguish between "us" and "them".

Family Research Council

Christian far-right group that opposes abortion and is very anti-gay.

Non-Christian Religions

Christian identity is not accepted by all and rejected sometimes. EX) Celtic or Norse pagan beliefs or world Church of the creator.

The birth of a nation

Controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film directed by D.W. Griffith. It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK. 5 thousand new members in 1920.

Reactive (Defensive) Crimes

Crimes where the perpetrator is reacting to what he or she considers to be an intrusion --that is some incident that triggers an expression of anger. The trigger incident need not be objectively significant. Ex in 1980s two deaths happened when white people encountered African Americans in an all white neighborhood that they considered "their" neighborhood. Accounted for one quarter of total hate crimes. The offenders do not leave their neighborhood and the victims happen upon them. The offenders' primary feeling tended to be those of having their territory invaded, there was frequently an economic theme as well.

Newspaper Article: White Teenager Who drove over and Killed Black Man is Sentenced to Life

Deryl Dedmon drove a pickup truck over a black man in a hotel parking lot in Jackson Mississippi. Pled Guilty and got life in prison.Family wanted him to not get the death penalty because they oppose it based on religious grounds.They were looking for a black person to harass. Beat him and then ran him over. Yelled white power as they ran him over.

group thinking

Doing what the group wants.

13 men face conspiracy, terrorism charges in plot to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer

Filed charges against a total of 13 men, 6 on the federal level, and 7 on the state level, with multiple charges including domestic terrorism and conspiracy. 6 people had been arrested for plotting to kidnap Gov. Gretchen Whitmer. We're going to set off explosive devices to slow down the response of the police. They were going to take her to a secluded area where she would be tried for "Treason". Plotted for months, consulting, and training with groups that federal authorities described as a militia. They even had rehearsals in August and September. Though she had uncontrolled power and all good things have to come to an end. Groups' mission is to create chaos and inflict harm upon to people. The men wanted to conduct a civil war against law enforcement and attack the capitol in Lansing. The seven men are accused of identifying the homes of law enforcement officers and making violent threats "intended to instigate a civil war," People can disagree about politics but these disagreements should not amount to violence.

The KKK forged with who?

Forged with Pro-Hitler groups and used religion in order to feel better and justified. Hate expanded to Jews, immigrants, and catholics. The idea of religious freedom meant something different than it does today.

Posse Comitatus and Christian Patriots

Government should be centered at the local government. Didn't pay taxes or like the federal government. "Power of the Country" Christian patriots think that the federal government is a satanic conspiracy run by the Jews to destroy white Christians.

Anti-Black, anti-Semitic graffiti scrawled on NYU building:

Graffiti found on a Manhattan college campus that included a swastika and racist statements Vandal fled on foot and is wanted for aggravated harassment hate crime. Happened on the night of Rosh Hashanah and was on a college campus.

Recruitment

Groups produce a lot of propaganda such as books, fliers, magazines, web pages however that isn't used to get new members. Recruit in areas where there are already members in the hate group.

Newspaper article: Misogyny: Women should be protected under hate crime laws

Happening in England Misogyny should be treated the same as other discriminations when it is the motivation for a crime. The commission plans to make its official recommendations to the government in 2021. Want women to be able to enjoy hate crime protection for the first time. Protect and support women if they experience sexist violence and abuse. A woman faced domestic abuse because of the misogyny of her ex-partner. She was treated as an object and he told her she was to serve him. He felt that he could abuse her because she was a woman and he was a man. She couldn't pay for anything and her opinions and feelings meant nothing. Wanted to isolate her and make her dependence on this guy. Women should be equally able to live free and not have to fear assault. Nottinghamshire Police in 2016

The Westboro Baptist Church

Has made statements against Jews, Blacks, and other Christians. But main target is Gays and Lesbians. "God Hates Fags". Picketed funerals of Matthew Shepard, Diane Whipple, and people killed at the Orlando Pulse nightclub shooting.

The influence of Economics

Hate crimes are closely related to economic difficulties on the part of the offenders. In-group hostility Arises when groups are in conflict for scarce resources.

88

Heil Hitler Because H is the 8th letter in the alphabet.

Newspaper Article: House condemns racism against Asian Americans amid pandemic

House voted to condemn racism against Asian Americans tied to the coronavirus outbreak. Republicans called the legislation an election-year effort to criticize President Donald Trump and "woke culture on steroids". Public officials to condemn anti-Asian sentiment and to investigate hate crimes after a rise in aggression and violence from those blaming people of Asian descent for the pandemic. Perpetuated an Anti-Asian stigma. "The coronavirus pandemic is broken out, so too has a disturbing epidemic of hate and discrimination" Verbal and physical attacks and vandalized business. Nancy Pelosi blames Trump for trying to divert attention from Russia's meddling in elections to demonize China. Trump called the coronavirus the "chinese virus" and doesn't think it is racist.

Women in organized hate

In neo-nazism it is a men's movement and women are around in traditional roles such as cooking. These women don't take leadership roles. Neo-nazi movement is sexist and racist. Women in most groups are shown as mothers or damsels in distress who need to be saved. Women are wanted to keep traditional roles. Some hate groups are anti-feminist.

1980s and 1990s in the KKK

In the 1980s the Neo-nazis start to come to power. Came over from England in the 1980s. In the 1990s there was a growth of militias.

Schema

Is a mental model of things, containing all our knowledge about and attitudes toward that thing. When we see a person, the schema about that person's group is automatically activated.

The influence of culture

It is a mistake to think of hate crimes offenders as deviants, because in our culture bigotry is anything but deviant. There is government-sponsored bias and media bias.

Radio Islam

It is a radio station and large website. It is very anti-Semitic.

Nonwhite supremacist groups

Jewish Defence league, Nation of Islam, Mulsims of the Americas.

Common Antipathy for the same Groups

Jews: People believe in Holocaust denial, think Jews are the spawn of Satan, and control the government and the media. The events of 9/11 were alleged by some hate groups to have been part of the Jewish/Israeli plot. People of Color: Hate to people of color with a special invective being aimed at blacks. These people think that "blacks are genetically inferior and less intelligent, less civilized, less industrious, and less capable than whites; blacks are economic drains on white Americans" Steal whites' jobs, are over reliance on welfare and public aid, are dangerous, and commit lots of crimes. Immigrants: In recent years it has become the primary foci of white supremacist groups and anti immigrant rhetoric is very common in extremist literature. Immigration is a major topic of the 2016 election. Gays and Lesbians: Targeted by Christian identity groups who believe that homosexuality is morally wrong, unnatural, and is tied to aids fear. Want too imprison or execute them.

Newspaper Article: Michigan man charged with hate crimes after he allegedly attacked a group of Black teenagers and called them the N-word

Knocked a black teenager in the face in a park. He used a racial slur and said that the teens don't belong on the beach. He also yelled racial slurs at the victim and other teens. He could face 10 years in prison. An argument broke out over the music the teenagers were playing and Mouat described it as "gang music" He also said "black lives don't matter" Reactive: people don't belong in this area.

Hate Group Activities

Meetings, rallies, propaganda, internet, organized political activity, and socializing.

Proud Boys: Far-right group becomes LGBT trend online:

Members of LGBT community have been making #proudboys tend on social media by posting images of gay pride and pictures of themselves with loved ones. Drown out posts about the far-right, and anti-immigrant group of the same name. These are very recent posts. George Takei asked people over twitter to help with his idea. Making the hashtag about love not hate Canada's armed forces shared a picture. Chairman of proud boys group said he wasn't sure what they were trying to do. Proud boys have been banned from instagram, facebook, and twitter. Proud boys took President Trump's words an endorsement.

The influence of Masculinity

Men's desires to appear masculine and to prove their masculinity to their friends result in violence against vulnerable victims. "real men". Culture tends too equate masculinity with dominance and aggression.

Newspaper Article: KKK Groups Still active in these States in 2017

More than half of the KKK groups formed in the last three years. Boost in 2017 Trump had a weak initial response in 2017 40 identified Klan groups Most klans have 25-100 members Mississippi has 5 groups and Alabama has four. These groups are anti-semitic, anti-immigration, and denounced black lives matter. Competition from other white supremacist groups.

abortion

Most hate groups are opposed to abortion. Eric Rudolph bombed an abortion clinic, was involved in a bombing of a lesbian bar, and the 1996 Olympic bombing. He was connected to christian identity. Some groups like WAR oppose abortion in the case of whites and encourage it for nonwhites.

The Development of Prejudice

No baby is born with prejudices against other people. The first stage of development of prejudice is the ability to engage in social categorization.

indentification

People are attracted to groups and want to become a member. The individual will then accept their attitudes and behaviors.

Stanford prison experiment

Philip Zimbardo's study of the effect of roles on behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison. The study was ended early because of the "guards'" role-induced cruelty. Explains how if people are given a role they act it out.

Hate Group Ideologies

Power: the most important. White supremacist groups who make up most of hate groups do not want to lose their control over others. Dedicated to gaining power at the expense of other groups. Racial Separatism: Ex the Aran Nations wants to advocate for an Aryan homeland. Wants to claim the Pacific Northwest as its own. Religion: In many groups religion is a the bedrock of their belief system.

RAHOWA

Racial Holy War

Why did militias grow?

Randy Weaver became a martyr to the movement because his wife and son were shot.

Newspaper Article: Controversial Hate Crime legislation to changed

Scottish Government changes controversial hate crime legislation in bid to ease concerns over its impact on free speech. Amended to only when people intended to stir up heat. The changes did not go far enough. Offer protection on age, sexual orientation, race, religion, disability, or trangender identity. Wants hate crimes laws in Scotland to be dealt with in an effective way. Conservatives say that Mr. Yousaf has not fixed the problem and failed The church could get in trouble if they say something against same sex mariage.

Fire Destroys Avondale Homeless Encampment — And Residents Think It Was A Hate Crime

Servel people were hurt after a fire in an encampment for homeless people in Avondale. 2nd time encampments have been damaged by fire in recent months. A man living there said he saw two men set the fire. Lost everything including clothes, tents, Doesn't know if the fire was started maliciously. It is hard to protect people when they live on the streets

White resistance group

Skinheads, neo nazis, these groups are more violent and more likely to attack people.

The Influence of the Social Milieu

Sociological theories concentrate on the entire social environment that surrounds offenders. Anomie occurs when people feel unable to reach a society's desired goals in a socially approved manner.

SWP

Supreme White Power

Jewish Defense League

The JLD is a militant right-wing, pro-Jewish organization.

group homogeneity

The fact that the schema for our in-group is more complex than those for outgroups. In other words, "we" are very different as individuals, but "they" are all the same.

Leaderless Resistance

The idea that there should be small "phantom cells" without formal leaders or ties to other groups. Would make it hard for the government to eliminate the hate movement because legal action would only harm a few people. More difficult to infiltrate hate groups.

Christan Identity

The idea that white people are god's chosen people not the Jews. They think that Jews are the devil and puppet masters.

Classics of extremist Literature

The international Jew, Mein Kampf, The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, The Turner Diaries.

Characteristics shared by most hate groups

The majority of hate groups are white supremacist, and they tend to define white very narrowly. Jews, Arabs, Asian, Indians, and Hispanics are not included within this designation. People of Northern Europe ancestry are considered superior to people with ancestors from southern or Eastern Europe. The majority of these groups are from the far right of the political spectrum and religion plays a central role.

Michigan sheriff defends militia members charged in plot to kidnap Gov. Whitmer:

The michigan sheriff defended men arrested in a plot to kidnap Gov. Gretchen Whitmer. Including a member of the group he appeared with on stage at a rally earlier this year. Arrested and Charged with providing support for terroristic acts and felony weapons charges for their part in a plot to kidnap Whitmer and a dozen other people. Says that a lot of people are mad at the governor. No way to tell if it was an arrest or a felony arrest. He says innocent till proven guilty.

Newspaper Article: Proud Boys Celebrate after Trump's debate Callout

The proud Boys were very excited and took Trump's statement as permission to act. He told them they could "stand back and stand by" He is again making hate groups act out because he is supporting them.He didn't tell them to stand down or denounce white supremacy. Just talked about Antifa. Group took it as marching orders Gave the group a fantasy. They are going to fight Antifa. Were present at Unite the right in Charlottesville and have organized a lot of protests against Black lives matter. Also had a rally in Portland only about 200 people but there were guns. Groups are making their logan "Stand back. Stand By"

Misson Crimes

The rarest type of hate crimes. In a mission crime the offender us acts alone and seeks to rid the world of a particular kind of person whom he or she sees as evil. These are very uncommon but normally have an extreme amount of violence. Ex Timothy McVeigh who bombed the federal building in Oklahoma City in 1995.

Newspaper Article: In 'American Race' Charles Barkley Is a Stubborn Believer in the Power of Dialogue

The way Americans talk about race is largely accidental. His guest Richard Spencer said to his face that white people dominate the world. This guy said " he would become a minority in the future" He told Charles Barkley that he didn't want him in his neighborhood. Wants to start talking about race. He talked to cops about their job. Spoke at church to an all-black audience. Problem of police violence in Baltimore. Talked to Sharmina Zaidi a Muslism activist whose family who runs a local restaurant. Invited neighbors over for dinner and no one came.

The KKK in the 1960s

There was a decline in the KKK. A lot of civil rights acts were passed in the the 60s .

Retaliatory Crimes

These crimes accounted for 8% total crimes in the Boston date. A person hears a report or rumor of a hate incident against his or her own group and takes revenge by committing a crime against a member of the initial supposed offending group. Ex) Brooklyn's crown height neighborhood: a car with two African American children and two jews children crashed. There was a rumor that the Jewish ambulance wouldn't help one of the African American children and that is why he died. A Series of confrontations between African Americans and Jewish people began. An African American man stabbed a Jewish man named Yankel Rosenbaum. Rioting broke out in the city.

Authoritarian

These parents are likely to treat their children in a way that was neglectful, rejective, or inconsistent. They think that obedience is the most important thing a child can learn and a child should never keep a secret from their parents.

How do stereotypes affect people?

They affect us regardless of whether we openly express our bias. However, while out-ward evidence of prejudice may decrease with age, the inner biases remain, and they continue to influence us.

Zionist Occupational government (ZOG):

Think that Jews are the problem. They think that the government is being controlled by the Jews.

The Third Incarnation of the KKK

Third incarnation began in 1954 because of brown vs board of education. That segregated schools were unconstitutional. Started with law school because they didn't want the children to start liking each other or become friends. There were also not many law schools for African Americans to go to.

Nation of Islam

This African American group speeches out against white people and Jewish people.

Muslims of the Americans

This radical Islamic group has offices in the US and Canada it also ties to a terrorist organization. It is anti-Semitic, anti-christan, and homophobic.

modern racism

Today people who are racist will hide their views because they don't want to be labeled as racist.

Newspaper Article:After 'Violent' H2Oi, Lawmakers suggest protecting police under hate crime statute:

Unsanctioned gathering was "unruly" and "violent" 277 arrests, illegal fireworks, one state trooper was taken to the hospital. Met with rocks, bottles, beer cans candles. Should law enforcement be included in Maryland's hate crime status.

President Warren G. Harding

Was sworn into the klan into the White house in 1921.

14 words

We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children

Deindividuation

When a person is in group they lose their identity. They are "faceless" The person is anonymous.

homosexual panic or homosexual threat

When men claim that the reason they murdered or committed violence against gay men was a response to the victim's sexual propositions or demands.

WPWW

White Pride World Wide

Defection

Why people leave hate groups: they may receive negative social sanctions, feel the group is going to far, lose faith in ideology, etc.

The KKK extended their hate to

Women, immigrants, Jews, and Gay people

Can a hate crime be more than one type?

Yes a lot of hate crimes fit more than one type of crime.

Typical Hate Crime Offender

Young ( teens or early 20s) White male, He does not come from an especially impoverished background, he has little or no previous contact with the criminal justice system, and he does not belong to an organized hate group.

KKK

came about after the civil war because southern were mad that they lost their slaves. There was no need for the KKK before the war. Period of growth during reconstruction 1865-1872. By 1872 the Klan had died out. The klan was also about controlling women. Wanted to protect the white race and mostly white women.

Christan Patriots

distrusted the federal government. Hated the Jews Government is being controlled by Jews. Against gun control.

Stanley Milgram

obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if all people were capable of committing evil actions.

Conformity

people don't like to go against the group. People naturally want to get along. If there is an authority figure people will be more likely to do what that person wants.

Scapegoat theory

people will use a group as an easy way to blame someone else for their problems. A way for people to continue to function and give the blame to someone else.

Lone Wolf Terrorism

terrorist acts committed by a single individual or a single individual assisted by a small number of other people

Stone Mountain Georgia

the KKK was reborn here. There was a cross burning. Carved confederate leaders Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson.

social categorization

the division of human beings into groups on the basis of gender, race, and so on.

Conflict theory

the inter group hostility arrives when groups are in conflict for scarce resources. Struggling

The labor movement

was hated by the kkk viewed as communist. The group wanted to help elevate both white and black people.