HDFS 4413 midterm practice exam

The life course concept suggesting that the consequential impact of early life events on development later life is mainly determined by the proximal availability of psycho-social resources best defines which life-course theory principle:

Accentuation

Substances that accumulate in collagen with age, causing it to cross-link and result in observable and physical age changes such as nail discoloration and enlargement of the nose and ears, are known as:

Advanced glycation end-products

Your 80-year old grandfather has a history of underlying vascular disease, including hypertension. He is hospitalized for what appears to be a stroke. Upon visiting with the doctor, you learn that your grandfather's memory appears to be in-tact, but that he has been having some mixed periods recalling various names, places, and other memories. The doctor also informs you that basic brain scans indicate the appearance of two small lesions on the brain. However, the doctor reassures you that your grandfather will recover just fine but will likely remain at risk for transient ischaemic attacks or "mini-strokes," which will have to be observed and monitored once he returns home. The doctor states that a definitive diagnosis, yet he suspects your grandfather may be in the initial stages of dementia. Based on this scenarios, which of the following dementia types would the doctor likely suggest as a diagnosis?

Vascular dementia

Relative to clinically severe and late stage Alzheimer's Disease, some experts contend that the older adult would have the biopsychosocial functional ability of someone who is approximately_________.

5-7 years old

Older adults aged 65 and older account for ____ of all hospitalizations due to the seasonal flu.

50%-70%

Safe exposure to sound is around___ decibels over an 8hr day to protect life long hearing.

80

When it comes to neurocognitive disorders of the dementia type, Alzheimer's Disease represents approximately what proportion of all diagnosed dementia types?

80-85%

A set of beliefs, attitudes, social institutions, and acts that denigrate individuals or groups of persons based on chronological age is known as:

Ageism

An underlying neurocognitive symptom of dementia whereby the older adult demonstrated an inability to understand, formulate, and produce understandable language is known as: __________

Aphasia

Which of the following chronic conditions represents the most common functional health problem experienced among persons aged 45 and older.

Arthritis

Which of the following statements is inconsistent with conceptual propositions within Martin and Martin's (2002) Developmental Adaptation Model:

Behavioral responses to stress exposures have little impact relative to determining how well adults developmentally adjust to changes in old age

Region of the world where adults commonly reach 100

Blue Zone

What is true relative to the compression of morbidity (e.g., disease) in human aging:

Caloric restriction and physical activity help to compress morbidity and extend disabilty free days until death

Which of the following represents the most common visual disorder among older adults?

Cataracts

Random error theories assume that biological development and aging is due to:___________

Chance exposures within the environment

Relative to information processing in higher order thinking, it has been well-established that fluid or mechanical processes tend to __________ with age; whereas more pragmatic processes tend to____________ with age.

Decline; Remain stable

The age-related change known as presbyopia causes which change in the sensory functioning?

Decreased abiltity to focus vision on objects that are near

Jim is a 89-year old former high school teacher who was just diagnosed with congestive heart failure. According to Jim, this is the first time in his life that he has ever been diagnosed with any serious chronic health problem beyond an acute seasonal cold. Otherwise, he has routinely exercised daily and eaten a balanced diet since he turned 25 years of age. Which longevity concept would best describe Jim?

Delayer

The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to

Destruction of the ends of chromosomes

Which of the following is a normative age-associated change in language decline in later life:

Difficulty correcting misspellings

The theory proposing that aging results from mutations in the mitochondrial DNA is referred to as:

Error catastrophe

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the microsystem includes:

Family, friends, and other former supportive relationships the individual possesses

The Selective Optimization with Compensation model of aging proposes that older adults maximize their functioning by:

Focusing on area in which they can excel

You are up late one day watching an infomercial on TV when all of the sudden the host proclaims, "Buy this five blade super vegetable juicer and it will fix all your aging ailments and is bound to help add 50 to 100 more years to your life-expectancy." Relative to this statement, the infomercial host would most likely maintain which worldview of longevity?

Futurist

Programmed theories of aging assumed that biological development is determined by:

Genetics

Which of the following would be considered a measure of functional age?

Getting out of a chair and walking 10 feet

Erikson's Theory what is a key developmental task in late adulthood.

Integrity vs Despair

Relative to human aging, developmental differences observed between groups or within populations of older adults best reflects:

Interindividual differences

The average number of years one can expect to live based on their cohort

Life Expectancy

A study demonstrating that clothing retailers give preferential treatment to well-dressed young women compared to older women supports which theory related to ageism?

Modernization

Tertiary aging is the process that occurs at what point in life?

Near the end-of-life

One of the most common pathways toward developing a sense of generativity in middle age is:

Parenthood

ultraviolet rays on the skin accelerating wrinkling:

Photoaging

COPD includes chronic bronchitis &

Pnemonia

All of the following memory abilities decline with age EXCEPT: Episodic Procedural Source Prospective

Procedural

Which of the following happens to human ability to react and respond to the presentation of environmental stimuli with advancing age?

Reaction time increases; processing speed decreases

Long-term use of elder speak when communicating with older adults has been documented to result in which of the following evidenced-based outcomes:

Reduced motivation and the older adult to initiate conversation and use language Sociallly biased views of older adults as frail or mentally incapacitated Reduced efficiency to perform Activities of Daily Living

The fact that cells are only able to undergo a fixed number of divisions before they lose the ability to reproduce is scientifically known as:

Replicative senescence

A 72-year-old woman's exercise routine includes resistance training three times a week for an hour alternating with one-hour workouts on an elliptical machine. As a result, she will experience less of which particular age-related change in physical functioning?

Sarcopenia

The more difficult the task; the more likely older adults will respond ______________ compared to younger adults who complete the same task.

Slower

The disengagement perspective of human aging posits that is socially expected and normative that older adults decrease or withdrawal involvement in ____________ .

Social roles

Compared to life-span perspectives on human aging and development, life course perspectives tend to place more emphasis on which factors in development?

Socio-cultural

Albert is a 50-year old factory supervisor who is always complaining that his millennial co-workers are unwilling to work hard and worry nothing about anything but themselves. Albert's viewpoint best demonstrates which underlying developmental process:

Stagnation

The physiological mechanism and anatomy of Alzheimer's Disease is established when _______ protein disintegrates causing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles which become twisted and tangled.

TAU

Which of the following statements is consistent with underlying assumptions maintained within the Accumulation of Information Theory?

The more time and information the aging individual accumulates, the longer it takes to recall and provide a correct response from memory

According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, aging reduces human ability to_________________.

Tune out the processing of irrelevant information

After 20 years of marriage, Nancy finalized a bitter divorce from her husband. Now, she must decide whether she has enough time, financial, and social support resources to continue living in her home. If not, she will need to move out and rent an apartment in another town that is and additional 30 miles away from her place of work. This scenario best represents which following life course process?

Turning point

Short-term memory ability and attentional processes used in the planning, execution, and everyday decision-making is referred to as:

Working memory

Cohort is best described as the __________ of a person's birth.

Year

John is a 68-year old retired fireman who recently had knee replacement surgery two months before his 50th high school class reunion. John's goal is to attend this reunion with having to use a walker, cane, or other assistive device. Therefore, he recently scheduled multiple outpatient rehabilitation workout session to give himself greater opportunity to workout and practice walking. This scenario most accurately reflects what component of SOC Theory?

optimization