Health 111 review ch 1-6

How much sleep do newborns need daily?

16-18 hours

According to a major U.S. consensus statement, most adults should get how many hours of sleep per night for optimal health?

7 or more

What percentage of murder-suicides were perpetrated by an intimate partner?

75%

Which of the following statements about mindfulness is true?

An essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment.

If your state doesn't mandate bike or motorcycle helmets, you don't need to bother wearing them to prevent injuries.

FALSE

The media are to blame for the perpetuation of violence in our society.

FALSE

Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.

Which of the following is TRUE about power in relationships?

In relationships, power is the ability to make and implement decisions.

What role does exposure to sunlight during the day play in improving sleep?

It helps to regulate the circadian rhythm.

Which of the following is TRUE about appropriate self-disclosure?

It involves sharing feelings and information as a means of getting to know a person.

Which of the following is TRUE about primary aggression?

It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature.

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to attention-deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADD/ADHD)?

It tends to disrupt relationships.

Sleepwalking sometimes occurs during

NREM stage 4??

Which of the following statements about suicide is true?

People are at increased risk for suicide if they identify as LGBT.

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?

Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 4 or more drinks per night to no more than 3 drinks per night.

Which of the following is a key time management strategy that can reduce stress?

Set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end.

According to the PERMA model, which of the following strategies is most likely to enhance your well-being?

Set realistic goals and pursue them with effort.

Which of the following statements about intimate relationships is TRUE?

Supportive intimate relationships are associated with a longer life span.

Aggression is more likely to occur during times of acute stress.

TRUE

An unintentional injury is one in which the injury happens due to circumstances, without a deliberate intent to inflict harm.

TRUE

Emotional and psychological violence can cause as much harm as physical blows or injuries.

TRUE

Over 1 million people in the United States are members of gangs.

TRUE

Which of the following statements about connectedness is TRUE?

The average number of confidants reported by Americans is on the rise.

Which of the following statements about caffeine is true?

The sleep-impairing effects of caffeine can last for 7.7 hours or more.

All EXCEPT which of the following characteristics are possessed by someone with a Type D personality?

an optimistic outlook

Suicide prevention techniques include

asking directly if the person intends to hurt himself or herself.

Using electronic devices before bed may disrupt sleep patterns for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

beeping sounds they sometimes produce.???

You have learned how to intentionally slow your heart rate to calm yourself during an exam. Which method are you using to manage stress?

biofeedback.

Which of the following is a social contributor to sexual violence?

blaming the victim

Nathan's piano teacher is insisting that he practice more, while at the same time he is overloaded with assignments in his academic classes, worried about how he's going to make the final payments on this semester's tuition bill, and having trouble sleeping. Nathan is at high risk for

burnout

Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for

cardiovascular disease.

Sam's mother, Jane, leaves 5-year-old Sam at home alone over a weekend. This is an example of which type of criminal behavior?

child maltreatment

A disease that begins slowly, progresses over a period of time, and may resist treatment is a(n)

chronic disease.

Sleep disorders can be diagnosed through a(n)

clinical sleep study.

A treatment for depression that involves correcting consistently pessimistic or faulty thought patterns is

cognitive therapy.

By deciding that he didn't have time to vote in the last election, Derrick missed an opportunity to build

collective connectedness.

Warning signs of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT

compulsion to repeatedly perform rituals.

In relationships, the process of resolving differences peacefully and creatively is

conflict resolution.

When Marlon gets adequate sleep the night before his intramural basketball games, he has more energy and can run faster and perform better. This can be attributed to

conservation of body energy during sleep.

Successful community strategies for preventing violence include all of the following EXCEPT

discouraging family planning programs.

Which of the following is a major contributor to college students' lack of sleep?

electronic devices

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to

eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups.

Together, self-awareness, self-management, internal motivation, empathy, and social skills are MOST closely associated with

emotional intelligence.

Intense feelings or patterns of feelings that people experience are

emotions.

An awareness of what others might be going through is called

empathy.

The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is

epinephrine.

Positive stress that presents the opportunity for personal growth is known as __________.

eustress

During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) does allostatic load occur?

exhaustion phase

Adequate sleep may enhance intellectual health in all the following ways EXCEPT by

expending energy.

The results from an American College Health Association study indicate that most college students

feel tired or sleepy three or more days a week.

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression?

feeling highly energetic

Anthropologist Helen Fisher and other scientists have described attraction as

feelings of elation and euphoria produced by neurochemicals.

Stress management consists of

finding balance and developing coping strategies.

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to violence?

gender

One factor contributing to narcolepsy appears to be

genetic

According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who

get more than 9 hours of sleep a night.

All of the following negatively affect the quality of sleep EXCEPT

getting lots of exercise during the day.

To replenish vital energy stores, which of the following would be particularly helpful?

getting more sleep and "down time".

Jake is an excellent student and seems pretty resilient. He is passionate about becoming a pediatrician someday, and perseveres despite a high stress level due to his heavy course load and tight finances. Which of the following traits does Jake demonstrate?

grit

A collective term for several positive states in which individuals actively embrace the world around them is

happiness.

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage

has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change.

Which change model was created to illustrate how firmly held ideas affect behavior change?

health belief model

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is

highly treatable

The physiological state in which all body systems are in balance and functioning normally is

homeostasis.

The part of the brain involved in controlling the body's overall reaction to stress is the

hypothalamus.

Athletes and others often use a technique known as __________ to reach their goals.

imagined rehearsal

Driving while drowsy is a form of

impaired driving

Studies associate mindfulness with

improvements in memory.

Psychological health

includes mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions and can be influenced by physical health

Chronic short sleep

increases risk for stroke.

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that

influence his or her health status.

The most common sleep disorder is

insomnia

Maria has difficulty falling asleep quickly, and many morning she wakes feeling unrefreshed. Maria most likely has

insomnia.

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as

intellectual health.

Jealousy can be based on all of the following EXCEPT

intense devotion.

The six dimensions of health...

interact continuously.

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, love involves

intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Through our relationships with others, we fulfill our needs for

intimacy, social integration, and nurturance.

Women are more likely than men to be the victim of __________.

intimate partner violence

sleep apnea

is a disorder in which breathing is briefly and repeatedly interrupted during sleep.

Which of the following is the most common reason given for bias-motivated crime?

thrill-seeking by multiple offenders through a group attack

Of the following, which factor is NOT a reason people become involved in gangs?

to get away from controlling parents

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model?

transtheoretical model

All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT

tuning out a noisy student in the library.

A likely reason that people may be meaner online than in person is that

users cannot see the person with whom they are communicating.

The term terrorism is correctly applied to situations in which

violence is used to achieve political aims.

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior?

wanting to change

Self-disclosure can be a double-edged sword because

you risk the possibility that the other person will reject you.

In a healthy relationship,

you're honest with yourself and each other.

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT

your friend's level of stress.

When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals,

your memory may be impaired.

All of the following are true about cohabitation EXCEPT that

it is a predictor for divorce.

Sharon has lost two jobs in the past year. She blames her coworkers, who she says didn't like her. She claims that they were purposely trying to sabotage her and that she did absolutely nothing wrong. From her behavior, it is likely that Sharon has developed

learned helplessness.

The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth, is known as

life expectancy

Zack was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). His doctor may include diet and exercise as part of his treatment regimen because

losing weight may reduce his OSA symptoms.

The model of health that is concerned with curing disease affecting a particular tissue or organ is the

medical model.

The growth of Internet dating has made it easier to

meet people outside your proximity.

Relational connectedness is MOST likely to be enhanced by

meeting a friend for lunch.

In face-to-face conversations,

men frown more often than women, and women smile more often than men.

Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT

meningitis

The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in

mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs.

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(n)

modifiable determinant.

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of

modifiable determinants of health.

Students who begin to doze off during a lecture are usually in which stage of sleep?

one

Stress caused by not being able to accomplish all tasks and obligations in the time available is known as

overload

A hormone referred to as a "cuddle chemical" that boosts feelings of satisfaction and attachment is

oxytocin

A type of mental illness that involves inflexible patterns of thought that, in many cases, lead to socially distressing behavior is a(n)

personality disorder.

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of

positive reinforcement.

A person who experiences flashbacks after a violent mugging might be suffering from

post-traumatic stress disorder.

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n)

process that occurs in stages.

Jake is being treated for depression by a medical doctor who provides talk therapy and has also prescribed medication for his condition. Which type of mental health professional is Jake seeing?

psychiatrist

The mental health professional whose treatment is most likely to be based on Freud's theories is a

psychoanalyst.

A term used to encompass mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health is

psychological

REM sleep is named for which physiological activity that occurs while dreaming?

rapid eye movements

Which of the following actions helps maintain a sleep-promoting environment?

Cleanliness: Wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and get rid of clutter.

Which of the following is the BEST example of emotional support?

Eduardo listens to his sister as she describes to him how her boyfriend broke up with her.

Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of exercise on your quality of sleep?

Exercising strenuously in the morning or afternoon boosts sleep quality.

All EXCEPT which of the following statements about stalking are true?

To be considered a victim of stalking, the person must be explicitly threatened.

Which of the following is TRUE about communication patterns between men and women?

Women tend to be more expressive.

The anxiety Phoebe experienced before her French test actually sharpened her ability to focus. This response is explained by the

Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal.

Family consists of

a network of people that provides support, security, love, and a sense of belonging.

Immunocompetence

ability of the immune system to respond to attack

What percentage of the world's population lacks adequate sleep?

about 45 percent

Young adults (ages 15-24) are most likely to die from

accidents.

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of

action.

Which phase of the cycle of violence includes physical acts intended to inflict pain?

acute battering

The body's attempt to restore homeostasis in the aftermath of a stress response is a(n) ________ response.

adaptive

Chronic secretion of cortisol increases the risk for diabetes by

affecting blood glucose levels.

3 phases of adaptation syndrome

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Research examining the relationship between substance abuse and violence indicates that

alcohol consumption is a major factor in domestic violence at all levels.

A psychologically healthy person is

resilient.

Which of the following is NOT a form of intentional violence?

rioting after sporting events

Which of the following is NOT an example of distracted driving?

scanning the road ahead and glancing in the rearview mirror

According to Maslow's hierarchy, individuals who have satisfied their basic needs and have attained their full potential are

self-actualized.

Luci has worked as a customer service representative for two years. She believes that this job has improved her ability to cope with a variety of stressful situations and is confident in her ability to do so. Luci is exhibiting which of the following personality traits?

self-efficacy

A person's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth is referred to as

self-esteem.

During a sleep study, a person spends the night in a sleep lab, and his or her body functions are monitored by

sensors and electrodes.

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to

set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them.

Your friend confides that her coworker is always making sexually explicit comments to her and telling lewd jokes. You explain to her that this is

sexual harassment.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime?

shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the

social cognitive model.

Our neighbors and coworkers are members of our

social network.

Interpersonal therapy focuses on

social roles and relationships.

A network of people and services with which we share ties and which provide support is

social support.

What is social media screening?

something practiced by some U.S. employers in order to find information about job applicants

A key defense against assault when you're outside alone is to

stay aware of your surroundings.

Javier wants to talk with Stephan about his frustration related to Stephan's excessive spending, but as he is speaking, Stephan keeps texting on his cell phone. This is an example of what pattern common in troubled relationships?

stonewalling

A series of mental and physiological responses and adaptations to a real or perceived change and challenges is referred to as __________.

stress

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?

stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties

Downshifting refers to the process of

taking steps to simplify one's life.

A sense of being overwhelmed by perceived obligations to stay connected online is

technostress

The contemporary definition of wellness is

the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions

During REM sleep

the brain processes and consolidates information.

What is social capital?

the collective value of all of the people in your social network and the likelihood of them providing social support

Anxiety disorders are

the most common mental health problem in the United States.