health disparities final

What is the main difference between the terms "Hispanic" and "Latino"?

"Hispanic" refers to language; "Latino" refers to geography

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, which of the following factors helps to explain the best way to stop the spread of tuberculosis on Ebeye?

-Addressing social determinants of health

Please look at the "Age-Adjusted Mortality Disparity Rates" slide. Native American/Alaska Natives have higher mortality rates (than the U.S. population as a whole) due to which of the following causes?

-Alcohol-induced causes -Suicide -Liver disease and cirrhosis -Diabetes -Accidents -Homicide

Of the Asian subgroups we have studied, which has the lowest educational attainment?

-Cambodians

(check all that apply) Relative to the U.S. population and the non-Hispanic White population, for which leading causes of death do Hispanics/Latinos have the highest death rates?

-Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis -Homicide -Diabetes

Which Asian subgroup had the lowest poverty rate in 2007-2011?

-Filipino

Which best explains the healthy migrant argument for the Hispanic mortality paradox?

-Healthy migrants are more likely (than less healthy migrants) to be able to migrate to the U.S., which contributes to the lower mortality rate of the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States.

(check all that apply) Hispanics/Latinos rank 2nd or 3rd in terms of years of potential life lost for which conditions?

-Homicide -Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis -Accidents

Which is the largest Asian subgroup in most of the Northeast and the southern states?

-Indian

According to Dr. Camara Jones, the most effective health interventions would target which level of racism? Choose only one.

-Institutionalized racism

According to Dr. Camara Jones, which level of racism explains the association between socioeconomic status and race? In other words, why do people of color tend to have low SES?

-Institutionalized racism

According to Dr. Jones' "The Gardener's Tale" analogy, which level of racism does the unequal soil boxes represent?

-Institutionalized racism

Which of these factors predict that the Hispanic mortality will persist (that is, that it will NOT dissipate)? In other words, why might the Hispanic survival advantage continue over time?

-Lower smoking rates/smoking-attributable mortality among Hispanics

Using Dr. Jones' cliff analogy, how best can we address the social determinants of health?

-Moving the population away from the edge of the cliff

Which of the following were major consequences of the loss of the Gila River? (check all that apply)

-Native Americans became dependent on the government food commodity program. -Native Americans were no longer able to grow their own food. -Rates of diabetes spiked among Native Americans.

Which of the following are not one of the three levels of racism outlined by Camara P. Jones?

-Racialized prejudice

In which two states (almost half) of Hispanics live?

-Texas -California

The Hispanic/Latino Mortality Paradox refers to the fact that this group has lower mortality rates than which group(s)?

-The U.S. population as a whole -Non-Hispanic Whites

What best explains how the government food commodity program affected the health of Native American groups highlighted in the film "Unnatural Causes - Bad Sugar"?

-The program led to poorer health outcomes (including higher diabetes prevalence) among Native Americans.

From Dr. Jones' "The Gardener's Tale" allegory, which factor best explains why the red flowers were tall and strong while the pink flowers were short and scrawny?

-The quality of the soil in which they were planted

How would you characterize race/Hispanic origin and gender differences in rates of current smoking?

-The smallest gender gap in smoking can be found among Native Americans/Alaska Natives.

What best explains the purpose of the 1997 revisions to the federal regulation standards for data collection regarding race and Hispanic origin (OMB Directive 15)?

-To disaggregate (separate) Asians and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders into two separate categories for the purposes of data collection.

In general, Asians have higher SES than Whites. Which SES indicator is the exception?

-Wealth

Based on the film "America by the Numbers: Pass or Fail in Cambodia Town"; (and what you have learned about the social gradient in health), which of the following patterns would you predict?

-Worse health outcomes among Southeast Asians than South Asians

Based on the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, the lure of jobs on the Kwajelein military base represents:

-a "pull" factor that draws more residents to the island of Ebeye (and/or keeps them there)

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Becoming American" film, which of the following factors negatively affects the health of Hispanic/Latino immigrant children?

-all of these

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, which of the following factors have undermined health in Ebeye? (check all that apply)

-malnutrition -overcrowding

(check all that apply) Relative to the U.S. population and the non-Hispanic White population, for which leading causes of death do Hispanics/Latinos have higher morbidity rates?

-obesity -diabetes

The biggest "pull" factor drawing Asian immigrants to the United States is:

-opportunity to get ahead

Excluding those of multiple races, where do Hispanic/Latino men and women rank in terms of HIV rates?

2nd

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Becoming American" film, after how many years does immigrant health begin to decline?

5 years

Of the 8 causes of death considered, how many show that Asians/Pacific Islanders have the fewest numbers of years of potential life lost?

7

According to the "Living Undocumented" film (Netflix, Season 1/Episode 1), which historical event precipitated stricter immigration laws?

9/11

From the "Percent Who Own Guns" slide, which of these states has the highest rate of gun ownership?

Alaska

How do the age-specific mortality rates for American Indians/Alaska Natives (across the life course) compare to the age-specific mortality rates of Asians/Pacific Islanders?

American Indians/Alaska Natives have HIGHER mortality rates than Asians/Pacific Islanders for all age groups.

One the whole, which best represents mortality rates among Asians/Pacific Islanders?

Asians/Pacific Islanders generally have lower mortality rates than most other race and Hispanic origin groups.

Which is the largest foreign-born Asian subgroup in the U.S. in 2011?

Chinese

Like the other immigrant groups we have studied, Asian immigrants have much lower rates of college education than U.S.-born Asians.

False

The largest proportion of Cubans live in which state?

Florida

In the U.S. (using the framework from Terry Blas), people from Spain would be typically considered:

Hispanic but not Latino

Which best explains the data reliability hypothesis for the Hispanic/Latino mortality?

Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an UNDERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified as another race/ethnicity.

Which race/Hispanic origin group has the youngest median age in the United States?

Hispanics/Latinos

Which is the most educated Asian subgroup?

Indians

In the U.S. (using the framework from Terry Blas), people from Brazil would be considered:

Latino but not Hispanic

Which of the following cause(s) of death are important/somewhat unique causes of death that are specific to BOTH Latino men and Latina women?

Liver disease and cirrhosis

Which is the largest Hispanic subgroup in the United States?

Mexicans

When considering subgroup differences within the Hispanic/Latino population, ______________ typically have the best health while ___________________ typically have the worst health. ["Puerto Ricans", "Cubans", "Dominicans", "Mexicans"]

Mexicans, Puerto Ricans

Which of the following statements is most true?

Most Native Americans currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because of legislation promoting their assimilation to urban areas.

How would you compare the educational attainment of Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders to that of Asians?

Much higher educational attainment among Asians than Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders

Based on what you learned in the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, the history of people on the Marshall Islands (Ebeye especially) most resembles the history of which group?

Native Americans (i.e., American Indians)

Which race/Hispanic origin group has the highest rate of current cigarette smoking?

Native Americans/Alaska Natives

Which is the largest subgroup of Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islander?

Native Hawaiians

In which region of the country do most Puerto Ricans live?

Northeast

Which is the second largest subgroup of Hispanics/Latinos living in the United States?

Puerto Ricans

Between 2010 and 2050, the Hispanic/Latino population is expected to:

Roughly double in size

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, why do Ebeye residents experience the "worst of both worlds"?

They experience illnesses that are common to both developing and industrialized nations.

Latinas usually experience lower infant mortality rates than non-Hispanic Whites.

True

In which region of the country do Asians primarily live?

West

In which region of the country do most Asians/Pacific Islanders live?

West

Of the choices below, which racial category are Hispanics/Latinos most likely to endorse on the U.S. Census?

White

In "Unnatural Causes - Bad Sugar," which of the following factors did the physician wish he could prescribe (to stop the spread of diabetes among the Pima Indians)?

affluence

According to Mohatt and colleagues (2014), to what group was the concept "historical trauma" first applied?

children of holocaust survivors

According to Dr. Camara Jones, the United States has never signed the "International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination."

false

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Becoming American" film, becoming American is good for your health.

false

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, Ebeye residents are often permitted to live on the Kwajalein military base.

false

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, the dislocation of Marshallese residents by the U.S. government was NOT harmful to their health because they were able to retain most of their cultural practices.

false

According to the NYT article entitled, "How Prejudice Can Harm Your Health," Black women who experienced more instances of discrimination were not any more likely to develop breast cancer than their less discriminated peers.

false

According to the NYT article entitled, "How Prejudice Can Harm Your Health," racial stressors have the same negative effect on health as non-racial stressors.

false

According to the film "America by the Numbers: Pass or Fail in Cambodia Town," South Asians and Southeast Asians are very similar in terms of educational achievement.

false

Asians have higher median household wealth than Whites.

false

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is only an important public health problem for Native American/Alaska Native men (not women).

false

HIV is an important public health problem for Asians/Pacific Islanders.

false

Hispanic immigrants are more likely than Asian immigrants to obtain U.S. citizenship.

false

Hispanic/Latino immigration is currently growing at a faster rate than Asian immigration.

false

Hispanics/Latinos who are born in the United States have better health than foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos.

false

Historically, U.S. immigration policy has almost always favored Asians and encouraged both their migration and citizenship in this country.

false

In general, Asians tend to lean Republican.

false

Indians are the largest Asian subgroup in the United States.

false

More than 8 in 10 Hispanics/Latinos are overweight or obese.

false

More than half of Hispanics/Latinos self-identify using the term "Hispanic" rather than their country of origin.

false

Native American/Alaska Native women have the highest rate of homicide deaths among all women.

false

Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) are very similar to Asians in terms of both social and health outcomes.

false

People who originate in any South American country would be considered "Hispanic or Latino" in the United States.

false

Regardless of how long they live in the U.S., foreign-born Hispanic/Latino immigrants retain their mortality advantage over U.S.-born Hispanics/Latinos.

false

The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population is growing at the same rate (i.e., as rapidly) as the Asian population

false

The concept of historical trauma only applies to the generation that experienced the event directly.

false

The government food commodity program offered to Native Americans featured healthy food.

false

The teens profiled in "America by the Numbers: Pass or Fail in Cambodia Town" fit nicely into the idea of Asians being a "model minority".

false

There is strong empirical evidence for the salmon bias theory to explain the Hispanic mortality paradox.

false

Unlike Hispanics/Latinos, Asians are more likely to identify with their racial category (Asian) than their country of origin.

false

What is the most common way in which undocumented immigrants come and stay in this country?

overstaying their visa

What best explains how the share of the Mexican population is changing over time?

the Mexican origin population is declining while the non-Mexican origin population is increasing

A mortality crossover happens between Native Americans/Alaska Natives and non-Hispanic Whites.

true

About 2 in 3 Asians (66%) are immigrants/foreign-born. Of all race and Hispanic origin groups, the Asian-alone group has the largest immigrant population.

true

According to Dr. Camara Jones, the system of racism is based on both unfair advantage and unfair disadvantage.

true

According to the "Age-Adjusted Rate of Accidental Deaths" slide, Native Americans/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of accidental death relative to their same-gender counterparts in other race/Hispanic origin groups.

true

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Becoming American" film, many Hispanic/Latino immigrants often endorse the "American Dream" that you can get ahead in society through hard work.

true

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Becoming American" film, the health of Hispanic/Latino immigrants tends to deteriorate over time, as they spend more time in the United States.

true

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, there is a migration chain of Marshallese residents to Springdale, AK largely due to available factory jobs, better educational opportunities, and a growing migrant population from the Marshall Islands.

true

According to the "Unnatural Causes - Collateral Damage" film, tuberculosis is a common illness in areas of high poverty.

true

Almost 1/4 of Hispanics/Latinos live at or below the poverty line.

true

Almost 6% of the U.S. population identifies as Asian in some fashion.

true

Asians have the highest median household income of all race and Hispanic origin groups.

true

Asians/Pacific Islanders have lower mortality rates than any other group, across the entire life course.

true

Current U.S. immigration policy can be considered a "pull" factor drawing many Asians to the United States (rather than "push" factors in their countries of origin).

true

Exactly half of those classified as Hispanic/Latino have no preference for either term ("Hispanic" or "Latino").

true

For both men and women, Native Americans/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of suicide.

true

For the non-elderly population (0-64), Hispanics/Latinos roughly tie for the highest rate of uninsurance.

true

Foreign-born Asians are more likely than U.S.-born Asians to identify by their country of origin (than to identify as "American").

true

Foreign-born Hispanic immigrants are more likely to identify by their country of origin than they are to identify as being either "Hispanic/Latino" or "American".

true

HIV and AIDS rates are much higher among Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders than Asians.

true

Housing shortage is a major problem on Native American reservations.

true

Large parts of the southwestern U.S. used to be former Mexican territory.

true

Liver disease and cirrhosis are important public health problems for BOTH Native American men and women.

true

Native Americans/Alaska Natives have the highest poverty rate of all race/Hispanic origin groups.

true

Similar to Hispanics, Asians largely believe that their family relationships are stronger in their country of origin than in the United States.

true

Suicide is an important public health problem for Native Americans/Alaska Natives.

true

The American Indian/Alaska Native population comprises less than 2% of the overall U.S. population.

true

The Bernal family in the "Unnatural Causes - Becoming American" film lived in a very supportive community that will likely help shield them from premature health decline.

true

The construction of dams stopped the flow of the Gila River to Native Americans in the West.

true

The data reliability hypothesis is better at explaining the Hispanic/Latino mortality paradox than the "salmon bias" hypothesis.

true

With the Indian Relocation Act of 1956, the % of Native Americans living in urban areas (instead of on reservations) increased by roughly 8-fold.

true

In which region of the country do most Native Americans/Alaska Natives live?

west