Physiological Psychology Test 31) Which of the following statements describes range fractionation?

The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a

Zeitgeber

Which of the following hormones causes a constriction of blood vessels?

Angiotensin II

Growth hormone is produced in the ______ while oxytocin is produced in the _________.

Anterior Pituitary, posterior pituitary

In general, steroid hormones from the peripheral organs _______ the release of hormones from the pituitary through the process of _______ feedback.

inhibit; negative

The external genitalia of a boy can have a feminine form at birth as a result of

insensitivity to androgens

Physiological saline is also sometimes described as

isotonic

In comparison with the REM sleep of adults, the REM sleep of young children

makes up a greater proportion of the overall amount of sleep.

Compared to neurotransmitters, hormone effects are generally

more widespread in the body.

The lowest level at which impulses from the two ears interact is the

olivary nucleus.

Patients who suffer from narcolepsy have lost a large majority of the _______ -containing neurons in the _______.

orexin; pons

The Vestibular system informs the brain about

position and motion of the head

The combination of Per, Cry, and Tau

Inhibits transcription of Per and Cry

Some researchers have characterized SWS dreams as

resembling vague thought.

The Coolidge effect is the

resumption of sexual activity by male rats when exposed to a novel female

Which of the following hormones monitors the body's longer-term energy reserves in the form of fat?

Leptin

Which of the following statements describes range fractionation?

Specific nerve cells can act as specialists in particular segments of an intensity scale.

After profuse vomiting, which of the following is not likely to occur?

The sympathetic nervous system stimulates muscles in the artery walls to dilate.

In rats, lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lead to all of the following except

self-maintenance of weight lost through dietary manipulation.

When a cell comes into contact with pure water in the extracellular compartment, it

shrinks

The salty taste is mediated by

sodium ions

Neuronal and hormonal communication both involve

specialized receptor molecules.

The _______ is (are) usually the initial site of damage in noise-induced deafness.

hair cells

It has been proposed that SWS is promoted through the actions of GABA on the _______, which _______ the reticular formation.

tuberomammilary nucleus; actively inhibits

Which theory argues that frequency of auditory stimuli is directly encoded in the firing patterns of auditory neurons?

Volley theory

The correct ordering of auditory transduction is:

Acoustic, Mechanical, Hydraulic, Mechanical, Neural

Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposing effects on NPY neurons?

Ghrelin and PYY3-36

Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

Glucagon

Most information about auditory stimuli is conveyed from hair cells to the brain using what synaptic transmitter?

Glutamate

Calcium channels located in the stereocilia of the hair cells are ___________; the calcium channels at the base of the hair cell are ____________.

Mechanically-gated; Voltage-gated

Which of the following is not a stage of reproductive behavior?

Organizational behavior

Which of the following circumventricular organs contains osmosensory neurons?

Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

Injections of ______ in people with autism can increase their ability to detect emotional tonality in voice.

Oxytocin

Which of the following are the organs derived from the wolffian duct system?

Seminal vesicles, vas deferens, testes, epididymis

If an adult hamster with a 24-hour endogenous rhythm receives a lesion to the SCN and subsequent SCN transplant from a young hamster with an endogenous rhythm of 20 hours,

The adult hamster will adopt a 20-hour rhythm.

Which of the following respond(s) to sex-specific pheromones instead of odorants in mice?

Trace-amine associated receptors (TAARs)

Which of the following papillaes is not directly involved in taste reception?

Turbinate papillae

Based on what we know about meadow voles (i.e., they do not form pair-bonds and they have multiple mating partners), which peptide hormone receptor would you expect to show decreased levels in promiscuous human males in comparison to monogamous human males?

Vasopressin

When deprived of cues about time, people tend to show activity cycles that are

a little more than 24 hours long.

Small lesions of the locus coeruleus _______ the loss of motor inhibition during REM sleep.

abolish

The hormone _______, which induces drinking, is vital to the homeostasis of water balance due to loss of extracellular fluid concentration.

angiotensin II

Many toxic substances taste

bitter

The peptide _______, released by the gut after eating, transmits information about protein levels to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) via the vagus nerve.

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Although humans produce only 350 olfactory receptor proteins, we can still detect at least 5,000 odorants because

each odor activates a different combination of receptor molecules.

Children diagnosed with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are reported to:

experience excessive androgen in the womb

Stage 3 SWS is especially prominent during _______ of a night's sleep.

the initial half

If an animal's circadian rhythm is entrained,

the rhythms of the animal's activities are synchronized and shifted.

The basilar membrane is _____ at the cochlea apex, and encodes our hearing of ______ tones.

wide; low frequency