Health Final Review

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

The ability to use your joints fully through a wide range of motion is?

flexibility

How many calories are in 1 pound of fat?

~3,500 calories

Diminishing Returns

Amount of improvement is less as you approach your genetic limits; fitter you are, the harder it is to improve

Exercise to build muscle strength that does not require the use of large amounts of oxygen is what type of exercise? Ex: Lifting weights

Anaerobic

Which emotion is a survival mechanism?

Anxiety, Survival-mode emotions

What is Static Stretching

Applies to force to a muscle for 10-20 seconds; best used at the end of workout

What is a neurotransmitter and what is its function?

Chemical messengers; Send messages from brain to neurons, muscles, or glands

What causes different drugs to have different effects?

Chemical structures

A fat-like substance in food and the bloodstream is?

Cholesterol (Bad: LDL/Good: HDL)

What is fiber and the importance of fiber?

Clears digestive tract/prevents diseases in digestive system (EX: Colon Cancer, Constipation, Heart Attack) and lowers cholesterol; Found in leafy green vegetables

What class of drug causes hallucinations and profound distortions in a person's perceptions of reality?

Hallucinogens

Why is it difficult to learn if a person is hungry?

Harder to focus

What are Axon Terminals

Junction to other cells

Mesomorph

Large bone structure, little body fat, muscular body, broad shoulders narrow hips, large head, strong forearms and thighs

meats with little to no fat are known as what?

Lean Meats

What are Cell Bodies?

Life support system for cell

What is an entertainment cue?

Light keeps the innate mechanism synchronized to the normal open in the day

What system is involved with the fight or flight respone?

Limbic System, Central Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System

Ectomorph

Long slender and thin, little muscle/body fat, narrow hips and shoulders, thin legs and arms, narrow chest and abdomen, thin face and forehead

What emotion or feeling is associated with Serotonin?

Mood, Happiness

What is a specific warm-up

Move specific muscles for training session/goal; Most effective due to increasing blood flow to specific muscles and acting as practice

Why does practice improve a person's performance of playing a musical instrument?

Muscle memory, Motor Pattern

This element of fitness is measured by the amount of force you can put out or the amount of weight you can lift (Ex: 1 Rep Max or Bench)

Muscular Strength

What is the insulation that develops around a maturing neuron?

Myelin Sheath (from Myelination)

What part of the brain receives memories of events of the day from the hippocampus?

Neocortex, Cortex

Where are neurotransmitters released from?

Nerve terminals

What are long neurons bunched together called?

Nerves

Loss of what can cause permanent damage that impairs memory and ability to concentrate?

Neurons

What is the basic working unit of the brain?

Neurons

Individuality

No two individuals will react the same to a similar dose of physical exercise

Are memories stored in just one part of the brain?

No, spread out; Different parts contain different parts of you memory

What stage of sleep is where dreams occur?

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

What is memory?

Reactivation of specific neural connections

What part of the target cell (Ex: neuron, muscle cell, gland) do neurotransmitters attach to?

Receptor

Why is sleep so important?

Recharges the mind, Memory Consolidation, Repairs body, Immune function, Regulates metabolism, Learning, Cognitive Functions

What is the speed at which your heart rate returns to normal after exercise?

Recovery heart rate

What are the two responsibilities of the midbrain?

Relay Station (Vision and Hearing) , Motor Movements, Awareness

How does exercise affect the brain?

Relieves stress, Releases endorphins, Reduces depression, Increases ability to sleep

What is the number of times your heart beats per minute when you are not active?

Resting hear rate

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fat - Solid at room temperature/Unhealthy (Animal Products); Unsaturated fat- Liquid at room temperature/Healthy (Nuts, Oils)

What are Dendrites?

Send/receive messages from other cells

How are your memories and senses connected?

Senses help recall memory; Senses trigger certain memories

What organs send sensory information to the brain to help us understand our surroundings?

Sensory Organs

To perform a skill, what must numerous parts your brain work with to execute a coordinated movement?

Sensory organs, Coordination of the you entire body

What is the importance of carbohydrates to your body?

Short term energy (65% of energy comes from carbohydrates)

What is Dynamic Stretching

Slow controlled movements through a complete range of motion - specific to exercise; best used at the beginning of workout

What sense is associated with the Frontal Lobe?

Smell

Another name for body type is what?

Somatotype

What are Nondeclarative (Implicit) memories?

Unconsciously, skills or habits

What state of the brain includes all mental processes that are inaccessible to the conscious mind?

Unconsciousness

Reversibility

Use or Lose; Muscles build strength with use (Muscle Hypertrophy) and lose strength with lack of use (Muscle Atrophy)

What is the responsibility of the Occipital Lobe?

Vision

What sense is associated with the Occipital Lobe?

Vision (Spatial Awareness)

What is a water-soluble vitamin?

Vitamins that need to be constantly replenished and cannot be stored in excess; Ex: B Vitamins (Folate, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12), and Vitamin C

What is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamins that stay in the body for longer periods of time and are absorbed into the body along with fats; Stored in fatty tissue and liver; Ex: Vitamins A, D, E, K

What does dehydration cause a reduction of in blood?

Volume, Flow

What is the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of an adult 21 years old or older driving a car?

0.08%

What can influence he intensity of the psychological effects of stimulants on the brain?

1. The method you take the drug (Smoked, Injection, Pill, Snorted) 2. The rate of entry

Anyone under what age is supposed to have 0% BAC by law?

21

What age do you have to be to purchase tobacco products?

21

How much does the human brain weigh?

3.3 pounds

How many calories are in a gram of carbohydrates?

4 grams

How many calories are in a gram of protein?

4 grams

What is the recommended number of hours a teenager needs to sleep each night?

8.5-10 hours

How many calories are in a gram of fat?

9 grams

What emotion or feeling is associated with Dopamine?

Addiction, Motivation, Pleasure

Non-stop, moderate to vigorous activity that strengthens the heart and lungs is what type of exercise?

Aerobic

What drug is extremely harmful for teens because it exposes alcohol to the brain during a critical period of brain development?

Alcohol

What are the responsibilities of the hindbrain?

Autonomic Functions, Vital functions (Sleep, Heartbeat, Breathing)

In which direction does the brain develop from?

Back to front

What is a general warm-up

Basic activities that move major muscle groups; Increases body temperature which increases flexibility

Nerves connect what to the rest of your body?

Brain

What is the center of the nervous system?

Brain

What are some body functions the brain controls without being aware of them?

Breathing, Digesting, Heart rate

Which mineral helps build strong healthy bones and teeth?

Calcium

A unit of heat that indicates the amount of energy in food is called what?

Calorie

What fruit is in comparable size to the brain?

Cantaloupe

What are the 6 food groups?

Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats/Oil, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

AED's can be used as part of what?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Running, swimming, aerobics would require a good amount of what kind of endurance?

Cardiovascular/Cardiorespiratory Endurance

What are Neurons?

Cell transmits information to nervous system

A protein that contains all 9 amino acids is called what?

Complete Protein (animal based foods)

What emotion or feeling is associated with Noradrenaline?

Concentration, Fear, Anger

What can help a person develop a healthy sleep pattern?

Consistency, Removal of electronics, Don't eat 2-3 hours before bed, Avoid stimulants (Caffeine)

What are Myelin Sheaths?

Covers axon (protein/fatty substance) and helps neural impulses travel faster and more efficiently

What are Declarative (Explicit) memories?

Declarative memories lets one consciously recollect facts

What is bad stress called?

Distress

What does the body's digestive system change carbohydrates into?

Glucose

Glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as what until it is needed for energy?

Glycogen (later stored as fat called triglycerides)

What do you call a psychological disorder characterized by serious disturbances of eating behaviors?

Eating disorders

What are Neural Impulses?

Electrical signal to other cells

What are foods with little nutrients called?

Empty Calories

What emotion or feeling is associated with Endorphins?

Euphoria, Happiness

What is good stress called?

Eustress

What emotion or feeling is associated with Adrenaline?

Excitement, Danger, Fear, Fight-or-Flight

What are the responsibilities of the forebrain?

Executive Functions (Planning, Memory, Decision making), Complex cognitive activities, Processing senses, Voluntary motor movements

What is the function of the Cortex?

Executive functions, consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory

Specificity

Exercise should be specific to goal

The brain makes choices about food based on how each food nourishes our body and?

Experiences

What food group helps rebuild and repair muscles?

Protein

What is the function of the Amygdala

Fear/Stress response (Fight or Flight), Asses threats

What memories are formed after one incident or only a few repetitions.

Fearful memories, Episodic

What are nutrient-dense foods?

Foods with lots of nutrients

What is Lactic Acid

Forms in muscles/red blood cells during breaking down of carbohydrates when oxygen levels are low (anaerobic); Times when oxygen levels are low include intense exercise or infection/disease

What sense is associated with the Temporal Lobe?

Hearing

What is the responsibility of the Temporal Lobe?

Hearing, Language, Auditory Information

What are the effects of sleep deprivation?

High blood pressure, Diabetes, Heart attack, Anxiety, Depression, Heart disease/failure, Impairs memory, Increases risky behavior

What are some of the long-term health risks of alcohol use?

High blood pressure, heart disease, liver related diseases, cancer

What part of the brain reviews and processes memories?

Hippocampus

What may a vegetarian struggle to incorporate in their iet?

Protein

A protein lacking all 9 amino acids is called what?

Incomplete Protein (plant based foods)

Why is cramming for an exam an ineffective strategy?

Increases stress/panic/anxiety, memory overload

What are neurons designed to transmit?

Information (via electrical/chemical signals)

What is the responsibility of the Frontal Lobe?

Initiating/Coordinating motor movements, Executive functions, Smell

What is the function of the Nucleus Accumbens

Interface between motivation and action; releases dopamine (processes reward)

What mineral is essential for healthy red blood cells and a deficiency might cause anemia?

Iron; Anemia is an iron deficiency (more prominent in females)

What has increased in the US as a result of poor dietary practices and sedentary activity?

Obesity, Heart disease, Obesity related diseases

Progression and Overload

Overload is when the body must perform at a level beyond normal to improve, and progression means to increase the level of exercise by increasing the frequency, time, or intensity of the exercise.

What are Axons?

Passes messages away from cell body to neurons/muscles/glands

Endomorph

Pear shaped body, lot of body fat, lot of fat on upper arms and thighs, wide hips and narrow shoulders, fairly slim wrists and ankles, short legs in relation to their trunks

What is an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)?

Portable device that sends an electrical signal to heart to stop an irregular heartbeat (used to fix possible cardiac arrest)

How does exercise affect existing neurons?

Positively

What part of the brain is still developing through the early 20s and is important for thinking ahead and sizing up risk and reward (the red light that tries to warn you when you are about to react inappropriately, etc. )

Prefrontal Cortex

Which part of the brain is the last to develop, around the age of 25 years old?

Prefrontal Cortex

What is the sensory homunculus

Proportions of sensations (Model), Sensory distribution of cerebral cortex

What is consciousness?

State of being awake/alert

What category of drug affects the cardiovascular system by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, reduces blood flow to the skin, and increases the risk of blood clotting?

Stimulant

What are the important functions of myelination?

Strengthens nerves, Makes nerves healthier, Strengthens nervous system, Enables complex brain functions

How is sleep relevant to learning and memory?

Strengthens neural connections, Memory consolidation, Helps focus, Braindumps

What is the number one killer of adults?

Stress/heart disease

In what kind of situation does a persons heart rate increase and blood flow shifts into their muscles?

Stressful/Fight-or-Flight

What is a nutrient?

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, have energy, and stay healthy

What is formed when terminals from one neuron connect to another neurons dendrite and is the location where signals are transmitted to other neurons?

Synapse

Where do neurotransmitters spread across?

Synapses

What is the ideal heart rate range during physical acticity?

Target heart rate

What sense is associated with the Parietal Lobe?

Taste, Touch

Why would working memory be referred to as the "brain's post-it notes?"

Temporary recall (which later may develop into long-term memory)

What is the Basal Metabolic rate?

The minimum amount of energy required to keep you alive at a resting/fasting state, such as just after waking up in the morning.

Why does the teen brain not value threat as accurately as the adult brain?

The prefrontal cortex has not fully developed yet

What does dehydration increase in the blood that makes the heart work harder?

Thickness/Viscosity

What occurs when it takes a higher does of the drug to achieve the same level of response achieved initially?

Tolerance

What is the responsibility of the Parietal Lobe?

Touch/Pain, Temperature, Senses, Taste

What is a circadian rhythm?

the biological clock mechanism; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle


Related study sets

Brokerage Real Estate Chapter 2 Unit 1-3

View Set

ch4 malik, CS 150 Chapter 3, Chapter 1 - C++ Programming, Chapter 2 - C++ Programming

View Set

Organizational Behavior Final Exam

View Set

12. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (GIT) Accessory organs

View Set

Reading 13- The transformation of religion and culture in colonial societies

View Set