Health KVS - Module 9 - Lifestyle Diseases

Type 1 Diabetes

(genetic) the pancreas does not produce enough insulin

Type 2 Diabetes

(lifestyle) insulin is produced, but the body's cells fail to respond to the insulin

What is normal blood pressure?

120/80

Prehypertension Blood Pressure

130

Hypertension blood Pressure

135

High Blood Pressure (blood pressure)

140 or greater

Normal Diastolic Pressure

50 - 80

Normal Systolic pressure

85 - 130

Insulin

A hormone produced in the pancreas that causes cells to remove glucose from the blood

Malignant Tumor

A mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy tissue Spreads to surrounding tissues and organs; damages vital organs

Benign Tumors

Abnormal, usually harmless cell mass; does not invade healthy tissue; does not spread

Ethnicity (example for Uncontrollable Risk Factors for LD)

African Americans have an increased risk of high blood pressure

Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases

Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Heredity

Lifestyle Diseases

Are diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors

Types of Lifestyle Diseases

Cardiovascular Disease, many forms of cancer, two forms of Diabetes

Controllable Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases

Diet and Body Weight Daily levels of physical activity Level of Sun exposure Smoking and alcohol abuse

Prevention of Cancer

Don't smoke, limit exposure to UV radiation (sun cream), Eat less saturated fats and more fruits, vegetables, and fiber, Exercise and maintain a healthy weight, Get regular medical checkups

Certain viruses can cause cancer

HIV causes Kaposi's sarcoma

Causes of cancer

Inherited damaged or mutated genes Carcinogen cause cancer by damaging genes Certain Viruses

Treatment of Type 1 and 2 Diabetes

Keep blood glucose levels as normal as possible Test blood several times a day

Preventing Diabetes

Maintain a healthy weight Exercise regularly Eat a healthy diet Avoid tobacco use Reduce stress (no way to prevent type 1 it is genetic)

Detecting Cancer

Self-exams, Biopsy, X-rays, MRI, Blood and DNA tests

Stroke Symptoms

Sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm, legs Trouble seeing Sudden dizziness/loss of coordination Sudden, severe headache with no cause

(Detecting and Treating CVD's) (Blood Pressure Checks) What is Blood Pressure in the form of when cited?

Systolic pressure/Diastolic Pressure

(Detecting Cancer) Biopsy

Tissue sample is taken via fine needle aspiration; pathology of sample is completed to see what type of cells are present

Preventing CVD's

Trim the fat, hold the salt Keep your weight at recommended levels Don't smoke Get moving/exercise Watch blood pressure numbers Relax (manage your emotions - stress, anger, hostility)

(Treatment of Cancer) Doctors use

Urinalysis Glucose tolerance Insulin/blood test

Diabetes (overload of info)

When your cells need energy, the body breaks down carbohydrates that you eat into glucose Glucose circulates through the body by way of the bloodstream Insulin Diabetes

Cause of Heart Attack

a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart

Cancer

a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth

Diabetes (Definition)

a disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from blood resulting in high blood glucose levels

(Treating CVD's) Angioplasty

ballon to flatten the clog

Causes of Atherosclerosis

block blood flow or release clots that cause strokes or heart attacks

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

cardiovascular disease

Age (example for Uncontrollable Risk Factors for LD)

chances of acquiring lifestyle disease increase with age

(Detecting Cancer) Self exams

check for lumps; color, size, shape of moles

(Treatment of Cancer) Radiation

destroys cancer cells

Treating CVD's

diet and exercise, medicines, surgery, angioplasty, pacemakers, transplants

Atherosclerosis

disease in which fatty materials build up on artery walls

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

diseases and disorders that result from progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels

High Blood Pressure

extra strain on the walls of an artery and/vein; puts extra strain on the heart

(High Blood Pressure) Blood Pressure

force that blood exerts against the walls of an artery and vein

Where does cancer start?

genetic damage; when the genes that control cell growth are damaged, some cells begin to divide again and again, making tumors

Ultrasound

images of the pumping hear and heart valves

(Detecting Diabetes) Early Detection

important to avoid severe complications

Angiograph

injecting dye into the coronary arteries to look for blockages

High Blood Pressure causes

injury on the walls of the vessels, creating more work for the heart, and causing the heart to weaken or fail

Diastolic Pressure

is the Blood Pressure between heart contractions (second number)

(Treating CVD's) Diet and Exercise

low fat, low salt, low cholesterol diet

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

measures activity of the heart

Gender (example for Uncontrollable Risk Factors for LD)

men have an increased risk of heart disease

(Treating CVD's) Angioplasty - Stent

metal cage that props the artery open

(Treating CVD's) Medicine

most to keep blood pressure down

Treatment of Type 1 diabetes

need insulin injections many times a day to keep blood glucose levels within a normal range

Carcinogen types

radioactivity, UV radiation chemicals found in tobacco smoke Asbestos (found in fireproof materials, insulation)

(Treating CVD's) Transplants

replace the heart with a donated heart or an artificial heart

(Treating CVD's) Pacemakers

small, battery powered device that is implanted to stimulate the heart to contract

Types of CVD's

stroke, high blood pressure, heart attack, atherosclerosis

Stroke

sudden attacks of weakness/paralysis that occur when blood flow to an area of the brain is uninterrupted

Treatment of Cancer

surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy (combination is used)

Heart Attack

the damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle

Systolic pressure

the maximum blood pressure when the heart contracts (first number)

Diabetic Coma

there is a loss of consciousness that happens when there is too much sugar in blood and too many toxic substances in the blood

(Treating CVD's) Surgery

to bypass the clogged artery; remove the clog

Treatment of Type 2 diabetes

treatment focus is more on exercise and nutritional control; control the amount of glucose consumed; avoid high sugar foods

Warning signs of Heart Attack

uncomfortable pressure squeezing pain in the center of the chest lasts more than a few minutes pain or discomfort in one or both arms, back, neck, jaw, and/or stomach shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort nausea lightheaded sweating

(Treatment of Cancer) Chemotherapy

using drugs to kill cancer cells; also kills healthy cells; side effects include nausea, fatigue, vomiting, hair loss