Health KVS - Module 9 - Lifestyle Diseases
Type 1 Diabetes
(genetic) the pancreas does not produce enough insulin
Type 2 Diabetes
(lifestyle) insulin is produced, but the body's cells fail to respond to the insulin
What is normal blood pressure?
120/80
Prehypertension Blood Pressure
130
Hypertension blood Pressure
135
High Blood Pressure (blood pressure)
140 or greater
Normal Diastolic Pressure
50 - 80
Normal Systolic pressure
85 - 130
Insulin
A hormone produced in the pancreas that causes cells to remove glucose from the blood
Malignant Tumor
A mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy tissue Spreads to surrounding tissues and organs; damages vital organs
Benign Tumors
Abnormal, usually harmless cell mass; does not invade healthy tissue; does not spread
Ethnicity (example for Uncontrollable Risk Factors for LD)
African Americans have an increased risk of high blood pressure
Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases
Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Heredity
Lifestyle Diseases
Are diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors
Types of Lifestyle Diseases
Cardiovascular Disease, many forms of cancer, two forms of Diabetes
Controllable Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases
Diet and Body Weight Daily levels of physical activity Level of Sun exposure Smoking and alcohol abuse
Prevention of Cancer
Don't smoke, limit exposure to UV radiation (sun cream), Eat less saturated fats and more fruits, vegetables, and fiber, Exercise and maintain a healthy weight, Get regular medical checkups
Certain viruses can cause cancer
HIV causes Kaposi's sarcoma
Causes of cancer
Inherited damaged or mutated genes Carcinogen cause cancer by damaging genes Certain Viruses
Treatment of Type 1 and 2 Diabetes
Keep blood glucose levels as normal as possible Test blood several times a day
Preventing Diabetes
Maintain a healthy weight Exercise regularly Eat a healthy diet Avoid tobacco use Reduce stress (no way to prevent type 1 it is genetic)
Detecting Cancer
Self-exams, Biopsy, X-rays, MRI, Blood and DNA tests
Stroke Symptoms
Sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm, legs Trouble seeing Sudden dizziness/loss of coordination Sudden, severe headache with no cause
(Detecting and Treating CVD's) (Blood Pressure Checks) What is Blood Pressure in the form of when cited?
Systolic pressure/Diastolic Pressure
(Detecting Cancer) Biopsy
Tissue sample is taken via fine needle aspiration; pathology of sample is completed to see what type of cells are present
Preventing CVD's
Trim the fat, hold the salt Keep your weight at recommended levels Don't smoke Get moving/exercise Watch blood pressure numbers Relax (manage your emotions - stress, anger, hostility)
(Treatment of Cancer) Doctors use
Urinalysis Glucose tolerance Insulin/blood test
Diabetes (overload of info)
When your cells need energy, the body breaks down carbohydrates that you eat into glucose Glucose circulates through the body by way of the bloodstream Insulin Diabetes
Cause of Heart Attack
a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart
Cancer
a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth
Diabetes (Definition)
a disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from blood resulting in high blood glucose levels
(Treating CVD's) Angioplasty
ballon to flatten the clog
Causes of Atherosclerosis
block blood flow or release clots that cause strokes or heart attacks
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
cardiovascular disease
Age (example for Uncontrollable Risk Factors for LD)
chances of acquiring lifestyle disease increase with age
(Detecting Cancer) Self exams
check for lumps; color, size, shape of moles
(Treatment of Cancer) Radiation
destroys cancer cells
Treating CVD's
diet and exercise, medicines, surgery, angioplasty, pacemakers, transplants
Atherosclerosis
disease in which fatty materials build up on artery walls
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
diseases and disorders that result from progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels
High Blood Pressure
extra strain on the walls of an artery and/vein; puts extra strain on the heart
(High Blood Pressure) Blood Pressure
force that blood exerts against the walls of an artery and vein
Where does cancer start?
genetic damage; when the genes that control cell growth are damaged, some cells begin to divide again and again, making tumors
Ultrasound
images of the pumping hear and heart valves
(Detecting Diabetes) Early Detection
important to avoid severe complications
Angiograph
injecting dye into the coronary arteries to look for blockages
High Blood Pressure causes
injury on the walls of the vessels, creating more work for the heart, and causing the heart to weaken or fail
Diastolic Pressure
is the Blood Pressure between heart contractions (second number)
(Treating CVD's) Diet and Exercise
low fat, low salt, low cholesterol diet
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
measures activity of the heart
Gender (example for Uncontrollable Risk Factors for LD)
men have an increased risk of heart disease
(Treating CVD's) Angioplasty - Stent
metal cage that props the artery open
(Treating CVD's) Medicine
most to keep blood pressure down
Treatment of Type 1 diabetes
need insulin injections many times a day to keep blood glucose levels within a normal range
Carcinogen types
radioactivity, UV radiation chemicals found in tobacco smoke Asbestos (found in fireproof materials, insulation)
(Treating CVD's) Transplants
replace the heart with a donated heart or an artificial heart
(Treating CVD's) Pacemakers
small, battery powered device that is implanted to stimulate the heart to contract
Types of CVD's
stroke, high blood pressure, heart attack, atherosclerosis
Stroke
sudden attacks of weakness/paralysis that occur when blood flow to an area of the brain is uninterrupted
Treatment of Cancer
surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy (combination is used)
Heart Attack
the damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle
Systolic pressure
the maximum blood pressure when the heart contracts (first number)
Diabetic Coma
there is a loss of consciousness that happens when there is too much sugar in blood and too many toxic substances in the blood
(Treating CVD's) Surgery
to bypass the clogged artery; remove the clog
Treatment of Type 2 diabetes
treatment focus is more on exercise and nutritional control; control the amount of glucose consumed; avoid high sugar foods
Warning signs of Heart Attack
uncomfortable pressure squeezing pain in the center of the chest lasts more than a few minutes pain or discomfort in one or both arms, back, neck, jaw, and/or stomach shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort nausea lightheaded sweating
(Treatment of Cancer) Chemotherapy
using drugs to kill cancer cells; also kills healthy cells; side effects include nausea, fatigue, vomiting, hair loss