Health Questions for Midterm 3

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? a. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. b. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. c. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. d. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.

a. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D? a. Fortified dairy products b. Enriched breads and cereals c. Fresh fruits d. Processed luncheon meats

a. Fortified dairy products

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? a. Ground beef b. Sunflower seeds c. Whole grains d. Safflower oil

a. Ground beef

When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of _______? a. iron b. niacin c. calcium d. riboflavin

a. iron

Vitamin C a. is needed to form strong collagen. b. acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose. c. can cure night blindness. d. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods.

a. is needed to form strong collagen.

The most active form of vitamin A stored in the liver is called: a. retinol b. cortisol c. beta carotene d. lycopene

a. retinol

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity? a. vitamin E b. vitamin K c. vitamin D d. vitamin B-6

a. vitamin E

Yellowing of the skin due to consumption of excess beta carotene in foods is called: a. keratinization b. hypo-pigmentation c. carotenemia d. melanin

c. carotenemia

The human body contains proteins made from ______ different amino acids, of which ______ are non-essential amino acids. a. 19, 11 b. 20, 11 c. 20, 9 d. 11, 9

b. 20, 11

Tomas, a 24-year-old male, wants to estimate his protein needs based on the AMDR. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10-35% of calories come from protein. If Tomas follows a 2,300-kilocalorie diet, approximately how many grams of protein per day should he consume? a. 230-805 grams of protein per day b. 58-201 grams of protein per day c. 23-81 grams of protein per day d. 26-89 grams of protein per day

b. 58-201 grams of protein per day

Certain vitamins or provitamins have antioxidant properties that help protect against free radical damage to cells. Check all of the following substances that have antioxidant activity: a. Niacin b. Beta-carotene c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin E

b. Beta-carotene c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin E

Excess sunlight, cigarette smoking and environmental pollutants are sources of antioxidants. a. True b. False

b. False

Semi-vegetarians consume red meat and avoid poultry or fish. a. True b. False

b. False

Excess dietary protein and amino acids a. cause weight loss. b. build muscle. c. make hair grow faster. d. can be used for energy.

d. can be used for energy.

A _____ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed: a. ribonucleotide b. fatty acid c. dipeptide fragment d. carbon skeleton

d. carbon skeleton

Major sources of vitamin B12 include: a. fruits and vegetables b. soybeans c. nuts and seeds d. meat and milk products

d. meat and milk products

Which of the following is an example of a complimentary combination of protein? a. beef chili with kidney beans and cornbread b. black beans, cheese and lettuce c. peanut butter and celery d. peanut butter on whole grain bread

d. peanut butter on whole grain bread

Victoria is 92 years of age. Recently, she experienced a viral infection that has made her weak and lose interest in eating. Based on this information, Victoria is in: a. positive nitrogen equilibrium. b. negative nitrogen balance. c. anaphylactic shock. d. facilitated re-energizing mode.

b. Negative nitrogen balance.

Twenty-year-old Darlene is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis. She has heard that it is important for young women to consume adequate amounts of calcium, but she is not sure which foods to eat. To increase her calcium intake, which of the following foods should she choose? Check all that apply. a. Spinach b. Sardines c. Fat-free plain yogurt d. Red meat

b. Sardines c. Fat-free plain yogurt

To be classified as a vitamin, a compound must generally meet certain criteria. Check all that apply: a. The substance cannot be made in the body. b. The body requires the substance for maintaining good health. c. Absence of the compound from the diet for a defined period produces deficiency symptoms that, if caught in time, are quickly cured when the substance is resupplied. d. A synthetic version of the compound is available in a dietary supplement.

b. The body requires the substance for maintaining good health. c. Absence of the compound from the diet for a defined period produces deficiency symptoms that, if caught in time, are quickly cured when the substance is resupplied.

The degenerative brain disorder resulting from thiamin deficiency, especially among alcoholics is called: a. dermatitis b. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome c. glossitis d. anencephaly

b. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Saul is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods might he eat? a. fish b. cheese c. chicken d. eggs

b. cheese

When a person eats more protein than his or her body needs, the extra protein is a. stored in muscle tissue for future use. b. converted to glucose or fat. c. used to form extra large muscles. d. not absorbed.

b. converted to glucose or fat.

The essential amino acids that are in relatively low amounts in certain foods are called a. buffers b. limiting amino acids c. ribonucleic acid d. deoxyribonucleic acid

b. limiting amino acids

Which of the following is not a source of high quality (complete) protein? a. chicken b. peanut butter c. milk d. fish e. eggs

b. peanut butter

A gene is a: a. cellular organelle that helps maintain proper acid-base balance. b. piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein. c. structure that helps transfer amino acids to ribosomes. d. type of lipoprotein that transports certain vitamins in the bloodstream.

b. piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Vitamin _____ is a major fat-soluble antioxidant in cells. a. A b. K c. E d. D

c. E

According to MyPlate.gov, recommendations for dietary protein include all except which of the following? a. Choose lean meats b. Limit sodium intake by checking the nutrition facts panel of foods c. Increase intake of protein from animal food sources d. Choose unsalted nuts and seeds

c. Increase intake of protein from animal food sources

The potential health benefits of vegetarianism include all except which of the following? a. Less likely to die from heart disease b. Tend to weigh less c. Vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12 and calcium d. Less consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol

c. Vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12 and calcium

R group

differs with each amino acid

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is __________________. a. night blindness b. headaches c. swollen tongue d. hair loss

night blindness

fat-soluble vitamins

- Vitamins that travel with fats through the blood stream. - Vitamins that are mostly stored in the liver and fatty tissues. - vitamins A, D, E, and K.

amino group

where nitrogen atom is contained

Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ____% of her total energy intake: a. 10 to 35 b. 20 to 45 c. 40 to 65 d. 30 to 55

A: 10 to 35

Luis is 23 years of age and weighs 220 pounds. Based on his body weight, his RDA for protein is ____ grams: a. 80 b. 120 c. 100 d. 140

A: 80

Rosa is a teenager who has an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation. Based on this information, her body is in ____ nitrogen balance. a. negative b. denature c. postive d. activated

A: Negative

Roberta is 25 years of age, healthy, and pregnant. Based on this information, her body is in ____ nitrogen balance a. positive b. negative c. activated d. inverse

A: Positive

Three-year old Jamie is a healthy, active child. Based on this information, his body is in ____ nitrogen balance: a. positive b. pediatric c. inverse d. activated

A: Positive

Not a good source of vitamin A

Apples

Some dietary fat helps the body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including the provitamin beta-carotene. Most fruits and vegetables that are good sources of beta-carotene are low in fat or fat-free. How can you enhance the body's absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that contain this provitamin? a. You can eat fruits and vegetables with a source of iron because the mineral enhances fat-soluble pro-vitamin uptake. b. You can wash fruits and vegetables before cooking. c. You can add margarine or butter to vegetables during cooking. d. You can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.

You can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.

Contains pro-vitamin A carotenoids

[a] 4. Carrots [a] 5. Winter squash [a] 6. Spinach [a] 7. Sweet potatoes [a] 8. Mangoes

Contains pre-formed vitamin A

[b] 1. Liver [b] 2. Fish oil [b] 3. Eggs

water-soluble vitamins

[b] 4. vitamins that are readily excreted from the body. [b] 5. vitamins that are easily lost during processing and preparation. [b] 6. vitamins that include the B vitamins and vitamin C

The adult RDA for protein is a. 0.8 g/kg of body weight. b. 1.9 g/kg of body weight. c. 2.0 g/kg of body weight. d. .2 g/kg of body weight.

a. 0.8 g/kg of body weight.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? a. Broccoli b. Fat-free milk c. Whole-wheat bread d. Ground beef

a. Broccoli

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's: a. DNA b. ribosomes c. golgi apparatus d. plasma membrane

a. DNA

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D? a. Fatty fish and fish oils b. Dark orange and yellow vegetables c. Fresh fruit d. Whole-grain breads and cereals

a. Fatty fish and fish oils

Which of the following groups of foods contribute the most protein to the typical American diet? a. Fish, poultry, and meat b. Fruits, vegetables, and beans c. Eggs, nuts, and seeds d. Dairy, eggs, and fruits

a. Fish, poultry, and meat

Which organs play a role in making and activating vitamin D? a. Skin b. Kidney c. Liver d. Stomach

a. Skin b. Kidney c. Liver

In the body, cells convert all forms of folate to tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA). a. True b. False

a. True

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B-12 c. Vitamin B-6 d. Vitamin K

a. Vitamin A

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals a. antioxidant b. ion c. enzyme d. oncogene

a. antioxidant

Proteins a. are comprised of amino acids. b. are stored as glycogen in the body. c. provide 7 kcal/g. d. have phosphorus in their chemical structures.

a. are comprised of amino acids.

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin? a. beta-carotene b. alpha-tocopherol c. acetyl-CoA d. lecithin

a. beta-carotene

_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function: a. denaturation b. hydrogenation c. filtration d. protonation

a. denaturation

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, a protein molecule a. has nitrogen in its chemical structure. b. is comprised of glucose units. c. has three fatty acids attached to glycerol. d. provides more energy.

a. has nitrogen in its chemical structure.

If an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, it has been _______________. a. hydrolyzed b. reduced c. oxidized d. none of the above are correct

c. oxidized

Enzymes that break ____________ bonds between amino acids are called ____________. a. ionic bonds, proteases b. peptide bonds, amylases c. peptide bonds, proteases d. peptide bonds, lipases e. peptide bonds, cholecystokinin

c. peptide bonds, proteases

The plant pigment beta carotene and the amino acid tryptophan are examples of _______________. a. anti-vitamins b. coenzymes c. provitamins (precursors) d. enzymes

c. provitamins (precursors)

carbon skeleton

can be converted to glucose for energy

Proteins are needed to: a. build body tissues b. maintain fluid balance c. help build red blood cells d. all of the above are correct

d. all of the above are correct