Healthcare informatics
What is data?
Raw Facts
Which of the following activities are used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional practice?
Reading research and theory articles, attending continuing education programs, consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines
Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision.
True
Processed data is information when it has meaning.
True
The Foundation of Knowledge model concepts are knowledge acquisition, knowledge processing, knowledge generation, and knowledge dissemination.
True
The knowledge used to develop and glean knowledge from valuable information is generative (having the ability to originate and produce or generate) in nature.
True
The joint AHIMA-AMIA task force identified five domains for informatics competencies for all healthcare workers. They are health information literacy, health informatics skills using the EHR, privacy and confidentiality of health information, health information and data technical security, and:
computer literacy
Wisdom is:
knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions, insight to exercise sound judgement in practical matters, the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge; knowing when and how to apply knowledge
Wisdom and knowledge differ in that:
wisdom is the synthesis of experience, insight, and reflection
When healthcare professionals create new knowledge by changing and evolving knowledge based on experience, education, and input from others, they are:
generating knowledge
Considering principles of cognitive informatics when designing technology interfaces helps to mitigate:
human mental workload
Another name for data that has meaning is:
information
Some of the disciplines involved in cognitive science include:
psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, physics, linguistics, and biology
Data integrity can be compromised through which of the following?
Both transmission errors and human error or hackers
A neural network that models the entire nervous system would have all but which of the following?
Correlating units
Data are raw facts.
True
Which of the following makes information valuable and meaningful?
Accessible and accurate, timely and complete, reliable and relevant
Which one of the following is the component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to try to explain human intellectual abilities?
Connectionism
Which one of the following is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge—what it means to know?
Epistemology
Accurate information means that there are less than 10% errors in the data contained within one database.
False
Computer science studies the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interface or interaction between people, organizations, and information systems (IS).
False
Information science and computational tools are of little value in enabling the processing of data, information, and knowledge in health care.
False
Knowledge and wisdom are synonymous.
False
Knowledge workers are those who work with information and generate computer programs to help with knowledge management
False
Rationalism is based on knowledge being derived from experiences or senses.
False
Relevant information is a subjective descriptor, in that a group of users must have information that is relevant or applicable to their needs at the same time.
False
Subjective information is as close to the truth as one can get.
False
The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as:
Informatics competency
From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior?
Information processing
Health informatics is based on which of the following?
Information science, computer science, cognitive science, discipline-specific science
Applications of cognitive science to health informatics include all but which of the following?
Interoperability of systems
Which one of the following is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision?
Knowledge
Using a clinical practice guideline as a basis for practice is an example of:
Knowledge application
Outputs of machine learning techniques may contribute which of the following?
Suggest precise, efficient, and impactful interventions, Predict the likelihood of a hospital acquired infection, Provide information to reduce length of stay
Which of the following best describes the central goal of health informatics?
To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of healthcare
_______ allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools housing the information disappear from conscious thought.
Transparency
Artificial intelligence is the field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence.
True
Characteristics of valuable, quality information include accessibility, security, timeliness, accuracy, relevancy, completeness, flexibility, reliability, objectivity, utility, transparency, verifiability, and reproducibility.
True
For information to be valuable or meaningful, it must be accessible, accurate, timely, complete, cost-effective, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple, verifiable, and secure.
True
Healthcare professionals are knowledge workers.
True
Human knowledge management is dependent on experiencing the environment and learning by acquiring,processing, generating, and disseminating knowledge.
True
Information is acquired either by actively looking for it or by having it conveyed by the environment.
True
Information science integrates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science, and the social sciences.
True
Information science is the science of information, studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacings or interaction between people, organizations, and information systems.
True
It is important to understand how people obtain, manipulate, use, share, and dispose of information.
True
Utility refers to the ability to provide the right information at the right time to the right person for the right purpose.
True
Which one of the following is knowledge applied in a practical way, translated into actions, or to use knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters?
Wisdom
_______ is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge).
Wisdom
The study of informatics provides healthcare professionals with:
a core skill set related to the use of computers, skills related to managing electronic health records and healthcare technologies, an understanding of how knowledge is generated in a discipline
Aristotle described intuition as knowledge obtained by:
a leap of understanding
Data are dirty when there are errors such as:
both duplicate entries and incomplete or outdated records
Understanding of clinical practice decision making using cognitive science principles promotes the development of:
clinical decision support tools
The scaffolding for the analysis and modeling of complicated, multifaceted human performance is provided by:
cognitive science
Experts in computer science strive to understand how the mind processes:
data and information
When healthcare professionals review the EHR prior to interacting with a patient, they are gathering:
data and information
Skills related to health information literacy include:
differentiating between scholarly and popular journals, locating and retrieving information from credible sources, recognizing a need for information, differentiating between scholarly and popular journals and locating and retrieving information from credible sources.
Presenting a research project at a national conference is an example of:
disseminating knowledge
The study of the nature and origin of knowledge is:
epistemology
Information is composed of knowledge that was processed using data.
false
When a healthcare professional uses information from other sources to help rethink, revise, and apply knowledge to a clinical situation, this is known as:
feedback
Health informatics competencies related to using an EHR include all of the following except:
follow security and privacy policies and procedures for the use of networks, including intranet and internet
Collecting health data in a data warehouse and mining that data for new relationships and new understanding is an example of:
generating knowledge
When healthcare professionals work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product, they can be described as:
knowledge workers
Reliable information comes from:
reliable or clean data, authoritative sources, credible sources
Thinking is best understood in terms of:
representational structures
In addition to exploring the nature of the mind, knowledge representation, language, problem solving, and decision making, cognitive science also includes:
social factors influencing the design and use of technology
Clinical decision software models the human and natural decision-making processes of professionals in an artificial program.
true
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information processing perspective.
true
Connectionism is a component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual abilities.
true
Data collected from EHRs and the aggregation of these data may provide insights into both the health of populations and global health challenges.
true
Knowledge is defined as the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision.
true
Neural networks are interconnected simple processing devices or simplified models of the brain and nervous system that consist of a considerable number of elements or units (analogs of neurons) linked together in a pattern of connections (analogs of synapses).
true
Knowledge transparency means:
using knowledge without conscious thought