heart quiz
The best description of the heart is that it is four paired pumps. a single pump. four alternating pumps. six paired pumps. two alternating pumps.
four paired pumps
Julie's baroreceptors detect an increase in blood pressure. Which represents a normal homeostatic response? increase peripheral resistance inhibit the vasomotor center inhibit parasympathetic activity to the heart vasoconstriction inhibit sympathetic activity to the heart
inhibit sympathetic activity to the heart
Autoregulation of cardiovascular activity is stimulated by release of local vasodilators. neural vasoconstrictors. local vasoconstrictors. neural vasodilators. endocrine vasodilators.
local vasodilators
Cardiac output depends on peripheral resistance. blood pressure. stroke volume and heart rate. heart rate only. stroke volume only.
stroke volume and heart rate.
how many pumps is the heart?
2 pumps. systemic and pulmonary circuit.
Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles. Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria. Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal.
Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.
Which of the following endocrine responses would occur if blood pressure and blood volume increase? Increased cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction would occur. The heart would release atrial natriuretic peptide. Angiotensin II would be formed. The kidneys would release EPO.
heart would release atrial natriuretic peptide.
Increased inhalation during exercise pulls blood into the vena cava by a mechanism called vasodilation. cardiac output. the respiratory pump. vasoconstriction.
respiratory pump
Blood circulates into the coronary arteries during ventricular relaxation. atrial contraction. ventricular contraction. atrial relaxation.
ventricular relaxation
Why would administering an ACE inhibitor in the form of an inhaler make sense? ACE requires carbon dioxide. ACE is made and used in the lungs. ACE acts on oxygen. ACE inhibitors work by decreasing respiration rates. ACE inhibitors are oxygen-dependent.
ACE is made and used in the lungs.
The heart, in response to high blood volume, releases ANP. aldosterone. EPO. renin. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
ANP
Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? both semilunar and AV valves AV valves only semilunar valves only
AV valves only
Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? semilunar valves only both semilunar and AV valves AV valves only
AV valves only
If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the AV bundle. SA node. Purkinje fibers. AV node.
Av node
To what do the baroreceptor reflexes respond? Changes in capillary exchange Changes in blood pressure Changes in body temperature Changes in the pattern of blood flow
Changes in blood pressure
A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n) angioplasm. digital subtraction angiography. coronary ischemia. ECG. MRI.
ECG
What effect would raising blood pressure have on capillary exchange? More fluid would leave on the arteriole end because of increased osmotic pressure. More fluid would enter on the arteriole end because of increased hydrostatic pressure. More fluid would leave the capillary on the arteriole end because of increased hydrostatic pressure. Less fluid would leave the capillary on the arteriole end because of decreased hydrostatic pressure.
More fluid would leave the capillary on the arteriole end because of increased hydrostatic pressure.
Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles? Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves. The majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria.
Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves.
Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria. Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles. Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal.
Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.
Which part of the ECG appears as the ventricles depolarize? P wave U wave QRS complex T wave
QRS complex
Which part of the ECG appears as the ventricles depolarize? U wave P wave T wave QRS complex
QRS complex
What affect does sympathetic stimulation of the heart have on heart rate and stroke volume? Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases heart rate but decreases stroke volume. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases heart rate, but has no effect on stroke volume. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart decreases heart rate and increases stroke volume. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases both heart rate and stroke volume.
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases both heart rate and stroke volume.
Which of the following endocrine responses would occur if blood pressure and blood volume increase? The heart would release atrial natriuretic peptide. Increased cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction would occur. Angiotensin II would be formed. The kidneys would release EPO.
The heart would release atrial natriuretic peptide.
What is systolic pressure? The blood pressure within capillary beds The minimum blood pressure in an artery measured during ventricular diastole The difference in pressure from one end of a vessel to the other The peak blood pressure in an artery measured during ventricular systole
The peak blood pressure in an artery measured during ventricular systole
What is systolic pressure? The minimum blood pressure in an artery measured during ventricular diastole The blood pressure within capillary beds The peak blood pressure in an artery measured during ventricular systole The difference in pressure from one end of a vessel to the other
The peak blood pressure in an artery measured during ventricular systole
Put these events of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling. Ventricles contract, AV valves close, semilunar valves close, ventricles relax, and semilunar valves open. Ventricles contract, semilunar valves close, AV valves open, and ventricles relax. AV valves close, ventricles contract, semilunar valves open, ventricles relax, and semilunar valves close. Ventricles contract, AV valves close, semilunar valves open, ventricles relax, and semilunar valves close.
Ventricles contract, AV valves close, semilunar valves open, ventricles relax, and semilunar valves close.
Cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that cardiac cells are chemically and functionally connected into a single functional unit. are linear. are larger than skeletal muscle cells. are all self-excitatory. contain more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells.
are chemically and functionally connected into a single functional unit.
Central regulation of cardiovascular action by neural and endocrine mechanisms occurs only during sympathetic innervations. continually. during sleeping hours. at any time that autoregulation is ineffective. during waking hours.
at any time that autoregulation is ineffective.
Blood flow in the coronary arteries originates in the left atrium. in the descending aorta. at the base of the ascending aorta. in the left ventricle. in the right ventricle.
at the base of the ascending aorta
Blood flow in the coronary arteries originates in the descending aorta. in the left ventricle. in the left atrium. in the right ventricle. at the base of the ascending aorta.
at the base of the ascending aorta.
The P wave of an ECG corresponds to atrial systole. atrial diastole. ventricular diastole. ventricular systole.
atrial systole
When the cardiac cycle begins, the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are both closed. atrioventricular and semilunar valves are both open. atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed. atrioventricular valve is closed and the semilunar valves are open.
atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed.
The first "lubb" heart sound is associated with semilunar valves opening. semilunar valves closing. atrioventricular valves opening. atrioventricular valves closing.
atrioventricular valves closing.
What heart valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular contraction? Bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular valve) Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) Pulmonary valve Aortic valve
bicuspid valve (L atrioventricular valve)
When heart rate increases, the greatest cardiac shortening occurs in atrial but not ventricular diastole. both diastoles. atrial but not ventricular systole. both systoles.
both diastoles
Low pressure and slow flow rates are characteristics of favorable venous return. stroke volume. arteriole diastole. aortic flow. capillary exchange.
capillary exchange
The pressure needed to force blood through all of the peripheral capillaries is stroke volume. capillary hydrostatic pressure. venous return. aortic flow. capillary exchange.
capillary hydrostatic pressure
Sympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the cervical ganglion. phrenic nerve. vagus nerve. cardiac nerve. medulla oblongata.
cardiac nerve
The indicator of peripheral blood flow is peripheral resistance. stroke volume. respiration rate. heart rate. cardiac output.
cardiac output
Pressure gradient adjustments can be generated by changing heart rate only. cardiac output only. peripheral resistance only. cardiac output and/or peripheral resistance. stroke volume only.
cardiac output and/or peripheral resistance.
Baroreceptors are located in brachial veins. right and left atria. carotid arteries and the aorta. jugular veins. right and left ventricles.
carotid arteries and the aorta
To what do the baroreceptor reflexes respond? Changes in blood pressure Changes in body temperature Changes in the pattern of blood flow Changes in capillary exchange
changes in blood pressure
The lungs are involved in blood pressure regulation in that they contain ACE. produce angiotensin I. release renin. monitor oxygen. monitor carbon dioxide.
contain ACE
The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the ascending aorta. aortic arch. coronary sinus. coronary arteries. vena cava.
coronary arteries
The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the ascending aorta. coronary arteries. vena cava. coronary sinus. aortic arch.
coronary arteries
Reduction in circulatory supply is called stent. carditis. coronary ischemia. subtraction angiography. valvular heart disease.
coronary ischemia
Which coronary blood vessel opens into the right atrium? Anterior interventricular artery Right coronary artery Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus
coronary sinus
vessels that drain the heart muscles coronary arteries. coronary sinus. aortic arch. vena cava. ascending aorta.
coronary sinus
How would a moderate decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output? decreased stroke volume and decreased cardiac output increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output no change in stroke volume and decreased cardiac output
decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output
Which of the following is NOT an effect of atrial natriuretic peptide? reduced thirst inhibition of ADH decreased water volume of urine increased sodium in urine vasodilation
decreased water volume of urine
Which of the following would increase heart rate? acetylcholine increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system epinephrine and norepinephrine
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following would increase stroke volume? a decrease in respiration rate (slower breathing) dehydration exercise a decrease in blood volume
exercise
What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? equal ventricular and aortic pressures higher pressure in the ventricle than in the aorta greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle
greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle
What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle higher pressure in the ventricle than in the aorta equal ventricular and aortic pressures
greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle
When the adrenal medulla responds to low blood pressure the result is red blood cell formation. ADH release. increased cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction. peripheral vasodilation. thirst stimulation.
increased cardiac output and peripheral vasoconstriction.
Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent? decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume increased heart rate and increased stroke volume
increased heart rate and increased stroke volume
Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases heart rate? epinephrine increased body temperature increased venous return to the heart sympathetic stimulation
increased venous return to the heart
Baroreceptor stimulation is caused by blood pressure ________ and results in ______ increasing; vasoconstriction falling; vasoconstriction increasing; vasodilation falling; vasodilation
increasing; vasodilation
Which of the following is the term for the structures that connect cardiac muscle cells and creates a direct electrical connection between them? Myocardium Parietal pericardium Intercalated discs Endocardium
intercalated discs
Which of the following represents an area expected to experience blood flow decrease during heavy exercise? skin brain skeletal muscles kidneys
kidneys
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the right and left pulmonary veins? Left atrium Right atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle
left atrium
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? left ventricle right ventricle right atrium left atrium
left atrium
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit? right ventricle left atrium right atrium left ventricle
left ventricle
The fibrous remnants of the fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is called the superatria. anterior atrioventricular sulcus. coronary sulcus. ligamentum arteriosum. auricles.
ligamentum arteriosum
Diastolic pressure is the ________ pressure during ventricular minimum; systole minimum; diastole peak; diastole peak; systole
minimum; diastole
When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________. open; open open; closed closed; closed closed; open
open, closed
When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________. open; open open; closed closed; open closed; closed
open, closed
Which of the following will NOT increase heart rate? epinephrine thyroid hormones temperature parasympathetic stimulation fever
parasympathetic stimulation
What is the name of the muscles found on the anterior atrial wall and the inner surface of the auricle? Pectinate muscles Trabeculae carneae Myocardium Papillary muscles
pectinate muscles
Which of these features differentiate cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle? the presence of intercalated discs myofibrils myoglobin sarcomeres
presence of intercalated discs
Which structure of the conducting system propagates action potentials through the ventricular myocardial cells? Atrioventricular (AV) node Purkinje fibers Sinoatrial (SA) node AV bundle
purkinje fibers
The response of the kidneys to low blood pressure and volume is release of ANP. angiotensin II. aldosterone. renin. epinephrine and norepinephrine.
renin
Which chamber receives blood from the veins of the systemic circuit? right ventricle right atrium left atrium left ventricle
right atrium
coronary sinus drains blood it receives into the left atrium the small cardiac vein right atrium the right ventricle
right atrium
Which heart chamber pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circuit? left atrium left ventricle right atrium right ventricle
right ventricle
Which of the following will NOT decrease venous return? reduction of peripheral blood flow bleeding skeletal muscle contraction excessive water loss at the kidneys dehydration
skeletal muscle contraction
Under heavy exercise, which of the following organs receives a massive increase in blood flow? Brain Skeletal muscles Kidneys Abdominal viscera
skeletal muscles
Under heavy exercise, which of the following organs receives a massive increase in blood flow? Skeletal muscles Kidneys Abdominal viscera Brain
skeletal muscles
An intercalated disc is a specialized cardiac muscle intercellular connection. site for atrial ventricular communication. site for mitochondrial interactions. calcium repository. site for oxygen diffusion between cells.
specialized cardiac muscle intercellular connection.
Abnormally high blood volume is recognized by kidneys. aortic elastic tissue. stretch receptors in the heart wall. cranial pressure receptors. liver sinusoids.
stretch receptors in the heart wall
An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called brachycardia. parasympathetic. resting heart rate. tachycardia. QRS complex.
tachycardia
Heart rate is stimulated by the cardioacceleratory center. the cardioinhibitory center. the adrenal gland. the vasomotor center. local vasoconstrictions.
the cardioacceleratory center.
Parasympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the cervical ganglion. medulla oblongata. cardiac nerve. vagus nerve. phrenic nerve.
vagus nerve
Parasympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the phrenic nerve. medulla oblongata. cervical ganglion. vagus nerve. cardiac nerve.
vagus nerve
Peripheral vasoconstriction is stimulated by the vasomotor center. the cardioacceleratory center. the adrenal gland. local vasoconstrictions. the cardioinhibitory center.
vasomotor center
Which of the following terms is the amount of venous blood delivered to the heart by the systemic circulation each minute? Filling time Stroke volume Venous return Contractility
venous return
Which of the following terms is the amount of venous blood delivered to the heart by the systemic circulation each minute? Venous return Contractility Filling time Stroke volume
venous return
The T wave of an ECG corresponds to atrial systole. ventricular diastole. atrial diastole. ventricular systole.
ventricular diastole
Ventricular filling takes place during ventricular systole ventricular diastole
ventricular diastole
ventricular filling takes place during ventricular diastole ventricular systole
ventricular diastole
The phase of ventricular systole that creates enough pressure to open the semilunar valves is late diastole. isovolumetric relaxation. isovolumetric contraction. early diastole. ventricular ejection.
ventricular ejection
During which phase of the cardiac cycle are both the AV and semilunar valves closed while the ventricles are contracting? Atrial systole Ventricular diastole, the period of isovolumetric relaxation Ventricular systole, the ventricular ejection Ventricular systole, the period of isovolumetric contraction
ventricular systole, period of isovolumetric contraction.
The outer layer of the heart wall is a serous membrane called the visceral pleura parietal peritoneum visceral pericardium parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium
