Heat Unit
Thermometer
measures the temperature
The kinetic energy of a substance is the ____ kinetic energy of its particles.
The kinetic energy of a substance is the average kinetic energy of its particles.
Heat of vaporization
(amount of) energy needed to change a material from liquid to gas (3 words)
Heat of fusion
(amount of) energy needed to change a material from solid to liquid (3 words)
Evaporation
Change of a liquid to gas below the boiling point
Solar Energy
Energy from the sun
Heat Mover
A device that transfers thermal energy from one place to another
Radiator
A device with a large surface area that transfers heat to surrounding air by conduction
Heat (Flows from ___ to ___)
Flows from hot to cold
Steam
Gaseous water
Solid
Has a definite volume and shape
Liquid
Has definite volume but no definite shape
The official SI temperature scale?
Kelvin
Liquids have a definite volume and ____.
Liquids have a definite volume and mass.
Insulator
Material that resists the flow of heat
Vaporization
Process that occurs during boiling
Q=mc∆t (each represents...)
Q= change in thermal energy m= mass (kg) c= specific heat capacity ( __ joules/kg°C or __ joules/kg per K) MEASURED IN DEGREES CELSIUS ∆t= change in temperature (Final - Starting)
Combustion
Rapid burning
Kinetic Theory of Matter
The idea that all matter is made up of constantly moving, tiny particles. Theory used to explain changes of state
Work and heat both involve ___ of energy.
Work and heat both involve transfer of energy.
Joule
a unit of heat
Temperature
the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. expressed by a degree mark on a thermometer scale.
State
determined by motion and spacing of particles
Sublimation
Change of a solid directly to a gas
Potential Energy
position or forces that act within or between molecules
Celsius (Freezing and Boiling point)
0 degrees=freezing 100 degrees=boiling
Fahrenheit (Freezing and Boiling point)
32 degrees=water freezes 212 degress=water boils
Kelvin (Absolute Zero)
Absolute zero (coldest point)= -273 degrees bottom to cold-no particle vibration
Temperature Decrease (Alcohol)
Alcohol contraction
Temperature Increase (Alcohol)
Alcohol expansion
∆ (what does it represent?)
Delta Means "change in"
Solar Collector
Device that absorbs the sun's radiant energy
Heat Engine
Device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
Conduction
Energy transfer by direct contact of particles
Radiation
Energy transfer by electromagnetic waves
Convection
Energy transfer by movement of particles from place to place
Boil process
Equalizing of Pressure: pressure of water in beaker = pressure of atmosphere leads to boiling
Matter (what does it contain/not contain?)
Matter does not contain heat. Matter contains molecular kinetic energy (not heat). Heat flows and is the energy transferred. All matter contains thermal energy (except at absolute zero).
IMPORTANT RULE WHEN SOLVING USING FORMULA
Remember that each letter has its own unit. They must be converted. Also remember to read the problem carefully to determine what you need to look for. PLUG INTO THE FORMULA!
Specific heat can be used to measure changes in _____.
Specific heat can be used to measure changes in thermal energy.
Heat (definition)
The energy transferred from one substance to another resulting from a temperature difference (equilibrium). Flow of thermal energy.
Specific Heat Capacity
The specific heat capacity of any substance is defined as the quantity of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of material 1 degree Kelvin (or Celsius). It is measured in joules per kilogram Kelvin or j/kgK.
Specific Heat of Water (Calorie, too)
The specific heat of water is 4180 joules/kg per Kelvin (or celsius). biological calorie- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius chemist calorie- the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius 4.186 joules/gram°C = 1 calorie/gram °C
Temperature
The state of a material depends on this
Thermal Energy
The total energy of the particles in a material which include both kinetic energy and potential energy.
Boil
To change from a liquid to a gas at temperatures above those normal to the liquid state
Melt
To change from solid to liquid
Kinetic energy
Vibrartion and movement within and between particles
Absorb
When ice melts, the particles of solid water ____ energy.
Gas
no definite shape, no definite volume
Condensation
occurs when a gas cools and changes to a liquid
